Fascist Manifesto

2025-05-29T22:35:37Z

Bacchus:

"'''The Manifesto of the Italian Fasces of Combat'''" (Italian) "Il manifesto dei fasci italiani di combattimento", commonly known as the '''Fascist Manifesto''', was the initial declaration of the political stance of the ''[[Fasci Italiani di Combattimento]]'' ("Italian Fasces of Combat") the movement founded in Milan by [[Benito Mussolini]] in 1919 and an early exponent of [[Italian Fascism]]. The Manifesto was authored by [[National syndicalism|national syndicalist]] [[Alceste De Ambris]] and the [[Futurism|futurist]] poet [[Filippo Marinetti]].

==Contents of the Fascist Manifesto==
The Manifesto (published in ''[[Il Popolo d'Italia]]'' on June 6, 1919) is divided into four sections, describing the movement's objectives in political, social, military and financial fields.<ref>{{cite web|title=Il manifesto dei fasci di combattimento|url=http://web.tiscalinet.it/regno76/testi/manifesti/Il%20manifesto%20dei%20fasci%20di%20combattimento.htm|access-date=2 February 2014}}</ref>

Politically, the Manifesto calls for:
* Universal suffrage with a lowered voting age to 18 years, and voting and electoral office eligibility for all ages 25 and up;
* Proportional representation on a regional basis;
* Voting for women;
* Representation at government level of newly created national councils by economic sector;
* The abolition of the Italian Senate (at the time, the Senate, as the upper house of parliament, was by process elected by the wealthier citizens, but were in reality direct appointments by the king. It has been described as a sort of extended council of the crown);
* The formation of a national council of experts for labor, for industry, for transportation, for the public health, for communications, etc. Selections to be made of professionals or of tradesmen with legislative powers, and elected directly to a general commission with ministerial powers.

In labor and social policy, the Manifesto calls for:
* The quick enactment of a law of the state that sanctions an eight-hour workday for all workers;
* A [[minimum wage]];
* The participation of workers' representatives in the functions of industry commissions;
* To show the same confidence in the labor unions (that prove to be technically and morally worthy) as is given to industry executives or public servants;
* Reorganization of the railways and the public transport sector;
* Revision of the draft law on invalidity insurance;
* Reduction of the retirement age from 65 to 55.

In military affairs, the Manifesto advocates:
* Creation of a short-service national militia with specifically defensive responsibilities;
* Armaments factories are to be nationalized;
* A peaceful but competitive foreign policy.

In finance, the Manifesto advocates:
* A strong progressive tax on capital (envisaging a “partial expropriation” of concentrated wealth);
* The seizure of all the possessions of the religious congregations and the abolition of all the bishoprics, which constitute an enormous liability on the Nation and on the privileges of the poor;
* Revision of all contracts for military provisions;
* The revision of all military contracts and the seizure of 85 percent of the profits therein.

==The Manifesto in practice==
Of the Manifesto's proposals, the commitment to corporative organisation of economic interests was to be the longest lasting. Far from becoming a medium of extended democracy, [[Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy|parliament]] became by law an exclusively Fascist-picked body in 1929; being replaced by the "chamber of corporations" a decade later.

Fascism's pacifist foreign policy ceased during its first year of Italian government. In September 1923, the [[Corfu crisis]] demonstrated the regime's willingness to use force internationally. Perhaps the greatest success of Fascist diplomacy was the [[Lateran Treaty]] of February 1929, which accepted the principle of non-interference in the affairs of the Church. This ended the 59-year-old dispute between Italy and the [[Papacy]].

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

Fascist Manifesto

2025-05-29T22:32:38Z

Bacchus:

"'''The Manifesto of the Italian Fasces of Combat'''" ({{lang-it|"Il manifesto dei fasci italiani di combattimento"|italics=no}}), commonly known as the '''Fascist Manifesto''', was the initial declaration of the political stance of the ''[[Fasci Italiani di Combattimento]]'' ("Italian Fasces of Combat") the movement founded in Milan by [[Benito Mussolini]] in 1919 and an early exponent of [[Italian Fascism]]. The Manifesto was authored by [[National syndicalism|national syndicalist]] [[Alceste De Ambris]] and the [[Futurism|futurist]] poet [[Filippo Marinetti]].

==Contents of the Fascist Manifesto==
The Manifesto (published in ''[[Il Popolo d'Italia]]'' on June 6, 1919) is divided into four sections, describing the movement's objectives in political, social, military and financial fields.<ref>{{cite web|title=Il manifesto dei fasci di combattimento|url=http://web.tiscalinet.it/regno76/testi/manifesti/Il%20manifesto%20dei%20fasci%20di%20combattimento.htm|access-date=2 February 2014}}</ref>

Politically, the Manifesto calls for:
* Universal suffrage with a lowered voting age to 18 years, and voting and electoral office eligibility for all ages 25 and up;
* Proportional representation on a regional basis;
* Voting for women;
* Representation at government level of newly created national councils by economic sector;
* The abolition of the Italian Senate (at the time, the Senate, as the upper house of parliament, was by process elected by the wealthier citizens, but were in reality direct appointments by the king. It has been described as a sort of extended council of the crown);
* The formation of a national council of experts for labor, for industry, for transportation, for the public health, for communications, etc. Selections to be made of professionals or of tradesmen with legislative powers, and elected directly to a general commission with ministerial powers.

In labor and social policy, the Manifesto calls for:
* The quick enactment of a law of the state that sanctions an eight-hour workday for all workers;
* A [[minimum wage]];
* The participation of workers' representatives in the functions of industry commissions;
* To show the same confidence in the labor unions (that prove to be technically and morally worthy) as is given to industry executives or public servants;
* Reorganization of the railways and the public transport sector;
* Revision of the draft law on invalidity insurance;
* Reduction of the retirement age from 65 to 55.

In military affairs, the Manifesto advocates:
* Creation of a short-service national militia with specifically defensive responsibilities;
* Armaments factories are to be nationalized;
* A peaceful but competitive foreign policy.

In finance, the Manifesto advocates:
* A strong progressive tax on capital (envisaging a “partial expropriation” of concentrated wealth);
* The seizure of all the possessions of the religious congregations and the abolition of all the bishoprics, which constitute an enormous liability on the Nation and on the privileges of the poor;
* Revision of all contracts for military provisions;
* The revision of all military contracts and the seizure of 85 percent of the profits therein.

==The Manifesto in practice==
Of the Manifesto's proposals, the commitment to corporative organisation of economic interests was to be the longest lasting. Far from becoming a medium of extended democracy, [[Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy|parliament]] became by law an exclusively Fascist-picked body in 1929; being replaced by the "chamber of corporations" a decade later.

Fascism's pacifist foreign policy ceased during its first year of Italian government. In September 1923, the [[Corfu crisis]] demonstrated the regime's willingness to use force internationally. Perhaps the greatest success of Fascist diplomacy was the [[Lateran Treaty]] of February 1929, which accepted the principle of non-interference in the affairs of the Church. This ended the 59-year-old dispute between Italy and the [[Papacy]].

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

Fascist Manifesto

2025-05-29T22:31:24Z

Bacchus:

"'''The Manifesto of the Italian Fasces of Combat'''" ({{lang-it|"Il manifesto dei fasci italiani di combattimento"|italics=no}}), commonly known as the '''Fascist Manifesto''', was the initial declaration of the political stance of the ''[[Fasci Italiani di Combattimento]]'' ("Italian Fasces of Combat") the movement founded in Milan by [[Benito Mussolini]] in 1919 and an early exponent of [[Italian Fascism]]. The Manifesto was authored by [[National syndicalism|national syndicalist]] [[Alceste De Ambris]] and the [[Futurism|futurist poet]] [[Filippo Marinetti]].

==Contents of the Fascist Manifesto==
The Manifesto (published in ''[[Il Popolo d'Italia]]'' on June 6, 1919) is divided into four sections, describing the movement's objectives in political, social, military and financial fields.<ref>{{cite web|title=Il manifesto dei fasci di combattimento|url=http://web.tiscalinet.it/regno76/testi/manifesti/Il%20manifesto%20dei%20fasci%20di%20combattimento.htm|access-date=2 February 2014}}</ref>

Politically, the Manifesto calls for:
* Universal suffrage with a lowered voting age to 18 years, and voting and electoral office eligibility for all ages 25 and up;
* Proportional representation on a regional basis;
* Voting for women;
* Representation at government level of newly created national councils by economic sector;
* The abolition of the Italian Senate (at the time, the Senate, as the upper house of parliament, was by process elected by the wealthier citizens, but were in reality direct appointments by the king. It has been described as a sort of extended council of the crown);
* The formation of a national council of experts for labor, for industry, for transportation, for the public health, for communications, etc. Selections to be made of professionals or of tradesmen with legislative powers, and elected directly to a general commission with ministerial powers.

In labor and social policy, the Manifesto calls for:
* The quick enactment of a law of the state that sanctions an eight-hour workday for all workers;
* A [[minimum wage]];
* The participation of workers' representatives in the functions of industry commissions;
* To show the same confidence in the labor unions (that prove to be technically and morally worthy) as is given to industry executives or public servants;
* Reorganization of the railways and the public transport sector;
* Revision of the draft law on invalidity insurance;
* Reduction of the retirement age from 65 to 55.

In military affairs, the Manifesto advocates:
* Creation of a short-service national militia with specifically defensive responsibilities;
* Armaments factories are to be nationalized;
* A peaceful but competitive foreign policy.

In finance, the Manifesto advocates:
* A strong progressive tax on capital (envisaging a “partial expropriation” of concentrated wealth);
* The seizure of all the possessions of the religious congregations and the abolition of all the bishoprics, which constitute an enormous liability on the Nation and on the privileges of the poor;
* Revision of all contracts for military provisions;
* The revision of all military contracts and the seizure of 85 percent of the profits therein.

==The Manifesto in practice==
Of the Manifesto's proposals, the commitment to corporative organisation of economic interests was to be the longest lasting. Far from becoming a medium of extended democracy, [[Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy|parliament]] became by law an exclusively Fascist-picked body in 1929; being replaced by the "chamber of corporations" a decade later.

Fascism's pacifist foreign policy ceased during its first year of Italian government. In September 1923, the [[Corfu crisis]] demonstrated the regime's willingness to use force internationally. Perhaps the greatest success of Fascist diplomacy was the [[Lateran Treaty]] of February 1929, which accepted the principle of non-interference in the affairs of the Church. This ended the 59-year-old dispute between Italy and the [[Papacy]].

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

Fashanova/Nine-eleven

2025-04-12T08:26:46Z

Bacchus:

="Nine Eleven" Lyrics=
[[File:Fashanova-Supremacy-albumcover.png|200px|borderless|Album Cover.]]

<poem>
[Intro]
(Fashanova)
Yeah

[Pre-Chorus]
When I pull up onto Twitter I was spittin mad facts
I'm too good with these words, you can even fact check
If I die, all I know is Israel did 9/11
It's too late for the Juden, now the truth is finally spreading

[Chorus]
Oh my gosh, the Mossad, they conspired 9/11
Oh my gosh, the Mossad, they conspired 9/11

[Verse 1]
Every first of September I remember clearly how
[Every first of September now, I remember how]
I was scared, used to fear the Muslims til I figured out
They were framed, thought Osama teally took the towers out
Til one day, someone taught me Yiddish people brought 'em down
In New York, packed in business cars
They didn't think we saw
They were wrong, Urban Moving Systems got the bombs installed
Wasn't long before they were caught
Had some questions brought
Were detained for a couple days
Until they got sent back home

[Pre-Chorus]
When I pull up onto Twitter I was spittin mad facts
I'm too good with these words, you can even fact check
All I know if I die, Israel did 9/11
It's too late for the Juden, now the truth is finally spreading

[Chorus]
Oh my gosh, the Mossad, they conspired 9/11
Oh my gosh, the Mossad, they conspired 9/11

[Verse 2]
They're the ones, ones
How do I know they're the only ones?
Silverstein took out insurance funds
Only a month before it was done
Yeah, we know wassup, yeah
Had us all for a while now
We know they all been lying now
You know they all in denial now
But I, I just can't pretend
Seen too much, it's so hard for me accepting what they said
I'm enraged, this is not some trope
We can't let this go
Tell your folks, till the spell is broke
And then we'll bring out the rope

[Pre-Chorus]
When I pull up onto Twitter I was spittin mad facts
I'm too good with these words, you can even fact check
All I know if I die, Israel did 9/11
It's too late for the Juden, now the truth is finally spreading

[Chorus]
Oh my gosh, the Mossad, they conspired 9/11
Oh my gosh, the Mossad, they conspired 9/11

[Outro]
They're the ones
(Fashanova)
(Fashanova)
</poem>

[[Category:Lyrics]]
[[Category:Music]]

Fashanova/Nine-eleven

2025-04-12T08:23:28Z

Bacchus:

2024-06-06T08:03:40Z

Bacchus:

[[File:15reasons-ad01.png|750px|center|frameless|]]

<center>
'''🇹🇭🇮🇸 ∙ 🇮🇸 ∙ 🇳🇴🇹 ∙ 🇦 ∙ 🇸🇦🇱🇪🇸 ∙ 🇵🇮🇹🇨🇭'''

(Great book tho, forward written by '''[[David Irving]]''')

'''Nobody wants your money, Paypal account, or even your email...nothing.'''

Scroll right past all this if you do not care to read background info about the author or the book. Download links are at the bottom, brothers and sisters!

[[File:15reasons-ad02.png|350px|center|frameless|]]

Hi, my [[name]] is [[Archangel]], yes that is my legal name, and I am the author of the book "15 Reasons [[America]] Needs to embrace [[Fascism]]".

I want to share a few things about my life, to help you get a better understanding of who I am and how my unique [[knowledge]] and expertise may give you a differing viewpoint from the commonly accepted narratives about Fascism, its goals, [[history]], and beliefs.

[[File:15reasons-ad03.png|350px|center|frameless|]]

For as long as I can remember I have always been passionate about two things: building America, bringing the [[truth]] to her [[people]], and being a good [[Republican]].

I attended 5 [[trump]] events, including his inaugeration, and paid for my friends, family, and neighbors as well, at a considerable expense in Airfare, bus rental, meals and lodging. I hosted 3 conservative talk shows on KGO briefly, then twice on KLAV Las Vegas. (A [[real]] radio show, not a podcast)

Unlike most of the online armchair "patriots" (like many reading this) tossing memes around (on GAB, [[Facebook]], and X), I actually placed my body in harm's way, and put my life on the line for this country. Three times. And I bear the scars, and wear the medals proudly, to prove it.

Dear reader, it is highly likely that I am more "conservative" than you are.

Can we agree that I'm not a leftie or Democrat?

Good then.

During my [[time]] in the "service", I witnessed first-hand how quickly the [[social]] fabric of a civilized country can unravel during a wide-spread disaster, and how many innocent people end up [[suffering]] as a result. For the very first time, I think I really understood what it meant to be a [[fascist]] in WW2 [[Italy]] like my grandparents were.

[[File:15reasons-ad04.png|400px|center|frameless|]]

I got into Radio, and using the airwaves as a nedium to express what fascism is actually all about. This was back in the days before podcasting existed, and free speech was still respected. I did a little radio for KGO newstalk in San Francisco as a rando fill-in host, then two of my very own shows (The Archangel Show, and The K0llege of Kriminal Kn0wledge" for KLAV in Las Vegas, where I really got to bust loose. I attended rallies, street events, acted as speaker and occasional organizer, the whole bit.

[[File:15reasons-ad05.png|350px|center|frameless|]]

Another serious job I entered into was the Manager of CBS Sports World, one of the Smaller Casinos on the Strip. I sort of accidintally fell into the job after originally acting as a Computer Security Consultant there, which led to becoming an actual employee. I was always thorough to the nth degree, but this job took that perfectionism to a whole new level. There was really no room for error. I’d double and triple check everything, and while it felt like a hassle at the time it served me well later on in life. There is a scene in the movie "Casino" which I'm pretty sure is based on me, where the manager goes down to the Casino kitchen and blows-up about how many blueberries are in the blueberry muffins. I don't know for sure, but I really did do that, and the story made its rounds, lol.

[[File:15reasons-ad06.png|350px|center|frameless|]]

All this time, I was a Fascist, and I was always proud of it and did not try to hide it. I have always felt it was better to teach fascism by example. Contrary to all of the narratives and [[propaganda]], it is truly a [[philosophy]] of [[love]].

What I have realized a long time ago is that our Amerucan [[society]] is not prepared for hard times anymore. We’ve become very “soft” living in our world of plenty, where everything is often just a click away.

And although we are but a couple of generations removed from our grandparents, we are a world away from them in terms of [[moral]] snd societal skills and actually knowing how to build and maintain a healthy society. I believe it is time to change that.

I don’t know about you, but as a family man I will never feel comfortable putting the fate of my wife and children in the hands of today's society.

{{Short description|You Can BET On It!!}}
[[File:15reasons-ad07.png|350px|center|frameless|]]

Today we are living in strange and frightful times. I believe the honeymoon period for our modern society has come to a close. And things are not going to get any cheaper or easier moving forward. That’s why the time to take action is NOW.

It’s up to each and every one of us to take matters into our own hands and implement the society we’ll need to survive what’s coming our way and keep our families safe. We have to do this as AMERICANS! Nobody else will.

I AM NOT some great [[authoritarian]] leader like [[Caesar]], [[Mussolini]], or [[George Washington]]. But that man is out there somewhere. Perhaps my book will enlighten him, encourage him, inspire him, or help this great leader manifest in some other way.

This book is available for sale via [https://rabidpandaranch.com/rabidpublishing/index.php?rt=core/product_info&products_id=1 Rabid Publishing for $59], but readers of [[Fascipedia]].org get it for free. Just click the [[type]] of copy you want, and enjoy the instant download.

-----

-----
 
[http://fascipedia.org/15-Reasons <h1>𝕮𝖑𝖎𝖈𝖐 𝖙𝖔 𝕯𝖔𝖜𝖓𝖑𝖔𝖆𝖉</h1>]

</center>

[[Category:Archangel]]
[[Category:Special]]

File:15reasons-ad04.png

2024-05-22T21:10:24Z

Bacchus: Bacchus reverted File:15reasons-ad04.png to an old version

Golda Mier

2024-05-17T02:29:00Z

Bacchus: /* Palestine */

{{Orphan}}{{Preach}}
Supposedly "known" as "The Iron Lady of the [[Middle East]]" (though nobody in the Middle east has ever called her that but other [[jews]]), '''Golda Meir''' was among the early Zionist invaders to the [[Palestine]] area and served as its fourth prime minister from 1969 to 1974. Following her resignation and retirement from [[politics]], due to outrage over her mishandling of the [[Yom Kippur]] "war", Meir went on to obscurity, half-remembered only in Hollywood movies.

=Background=
Born Golda Mabovitch in Kyiv to parents Moshe Mabovich and Blume Naiditch, she was named for her Great-Great-Grandmother Golda, who was known for putting salt instead of sugar in her tea.

The family moved to the [[United States]], where life was supposed to be easy, and they settled in Milwaukee, where Golda was enchanted by the "pretty new clothes, soda pop, and ice cream," according to her autobiography.

Golda's parents strongly discouraged her from pursuing further education, wanting her instead to find a husband and raise a family and stop her bad habit of manipulating [[people]]. Frustrated by their insistance, Golda ran away to her sister Sheyna's home in Denver, where she first encountered the far-[[leftist]] [[zionism]] that would define her career and, ironically, Morris Meyerson, the unfortunate man who would become her husband.

==Denver==
Golda's [[time]] in Denver, and her contact with hardcore zionists there, thoroughly radicalized her and convinced her of the need for a [[jewish]] takeover of Palestine; Her parents convinced her to attend Milwaukee Normal School and get her teaching certificate. Nevertheless, she didn't teach long, just a few years at a Hebrew school, because she found her true [[passion]] was in giving lectures on extreme Zionism on street corners. She wanted to go to Palestine and manipulated Morris into getting married. Golda made it a condition that they move to Palestine soon afterward, according to the [[jewsish]] Women's Archive.

==Palestine==
In 1921, the recently married Meyersons (Her third [[name]]-change at this point) moved to a kibbutz (a [[communist]] agricultural community) in Palestine. There, Golda thrived, eventually heading up the kibbutz's entire chicken farming operation. Morris, seeing her [[political]] manipulations, did not want to bring children into a marriage with such a mother. Golda wanted children, but Morris refused unless she agreed to be a traditional housewife (via [[jewsj]] Women's Archive).

She pretended to acquiesce because she saw that her chances politically would improve if she had kids, and the two moved to [[Jerusalem]], the political power center, where Golda gave birth to a son and a daughter, but Golda started immediately playing politics again. Morris had enough. Golda and Morris started living apart in 1928 and formally separated ten years later (though they never officially divorced). The children stayed with Morris.

Golda claimed that she never forgave herself for letting her home fall apart and alienating her own children, writing, "I am not sure that I didn't harm the children." Despite her failure to constrain herself to a life as a housewife and mother, she eventually brushed it off and ascended the ranks of power in the emerging [[nation]] of [[israel]], becoming ambassador to the [[Soviet Union]], then minister of labor, then minister of foreign affairs, and eventually throat-cutting her way to becoming prime minister, Meir (who changed her name yet again in 1956 for better political packaging) was known in the halls of power as "The Serpent", but she packaged herself as a humble homebody, serving home-made soup to dignitaries in her own kitchen.
{{Quote|We ignored the Arabs of Palestine and set about developing the country as though it had no Arab population at all...the Arabs were attacking us because they had been dispossessed.|Golda Mier|Prime Ministerial Resignation speech}}
In [[fact]], Meir's priorities seem to always have been her own ambitions, she has been known to tell grandiose tales. Meir claimed, without proof, that in 1948, when tensions were rising between Israel and its Arab neighbors, that she risked her life, supposedly disguising herself as an Arab to pass through the battle lines and convince King Abdullah I of Jordan not to join the hostilities. King Abdulla objected. In his version, she simply made a phone call.

[[Category:Activists]]
[[Category:Orphaned articles|Golda Mier]]
[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Politicians]]

=Forced Retirement=
She remained in power until 1974 when she was directly responsible for the massive Israeli casualties suffered in the Yom Kippur "War" and run out of office. Meir finally retired.

=Golda's Shoes=
Perhaps Golda Meir's most fitting legacy was the official women's footwear of the Israeli army. Until 1987, the Israeli military, which drafts all Israeli citizens, men and women, for two or three years of mandatory service, issued all female recruits a pair of clunky, horribly uncomfortable shoes that nobody liked. Everyone called them "[[Golda's Shoes]]".

According to the Associated Press, most pairs of [[na'alei Golda]] ended up buried in the backs of closets as women soldiers preferred to wear almost anything else, and by the end of the 1980s, the military had discontinued standard-issue footwear entirely, allowing recruits to choose their own shoes. By 2009, Stars and Stripes was reporting that Israeli soldiers could be spotted wearing anything up to and including flipflops.

[[Category:Activists]]
[[Category:Orphaned articles|Golda Mier]]
[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Politicians]]

Golda Mier

2024-05-17T02:27:22Z

Bacchus:

{{Orphan}}{{Preach}}
Supposedly "known" as "The Iron Lady of the [[Middle East]]" (though nobody in the Middle east has ever called her that but other [[jews]]), '''Golda Meir''' was among the early Zionist invaders to the [[Palestine]] area and served as its fourth prime minister from 1969 to 1974. Following her resignation and retirement from [[politics]], due to outrage over her mishandling of the [[Yom Kippur]] "war", Meir went on to obscurity, half-remembered only in Hollywood movies.

=Background=
Born Golda Mabovitch in Kyiv to parents Moshe Mabovich and Blume Naiditch, she was named for her Great-Great-Grandmother Golda, who was known for putting salt instead of sugar in her tea.

The family moved to the [[United States]], where life was supposed to be easy, and they settled in Milwaukee, where Golda was enchanted by the "pretty new clothes, soda pop, and ice cream," according to her autobiography.

Golda's parents strongly discouraged her from pursuing further education, wanting her instead to find a husband and raise a family and stop her bad habit of manipulating [[people]]. Frustrated by their insistance, Golda ran away to her sister Sheyna's home in Denver, where she first encountered the far-[[leftist]] [[zionism]] that would define her career and, ironically, Morris Meyerson, the unfortunate man who would become her husband.

==Denver==
Golda's [[time]] in Denver, and her contact with hardcore zionists there, thoroughly radicalized her and convinced her of the need for a [[jewish]] takeover of Palestine; Her parents convinced her to attend Milwaukee Normal School and get her teaching certificate. Nevertheless, she didn't teach long, just a few years at a Hebrew school, because she found her true [[passion]] was in giving lectures on extreme Zionism on street corners. She wanted to go to Palestine and manipulated Morris into getting married. Golda made it a condition that they move to Palestine soon afterward, according to the [[jewsish]] Women's Archive.

==Palestine==
In 1921, the recently married Meyersons (Her third [[name]]-change at this point) moved to a kibbutz (a [[communist]] agricultural community) in Palestine. There, Golda thrived, eventually heading up the kibbutz's entire chicken farming operation. Morris, seeing her [[political]] manipulations, did not want to bring children into a marriage with such a mother. Golda wanted children, but Morris refused unless she agreed to be a traditional housewife (via [[jewisj]] Women's Archive).

She pretended to acquiesce because she saw that her chances politically would improve if she had kids, and the two moved to [[Jerusalem]], the political power center, where Golda gave birth to a son and a daughter, but Golda started immediately playing politics again. Morris had enough. Golda and Morris started living apart in 1928 and formally separated ten years later (though they never officially divorced). The children stayed with Morris.

Golda claimed that she never forgave herself for letting her home fall apart and alienating her own children, writing, "I am not sure that I didn't harm the children." Despite her failure to constrain herself to a life as a housewife and mother, she eventually brushed it off and ascended the ranks of power in the emerging [[nation]] of [[israel]], becoming ambassador to the [[Soviet Union]], then minister of labor, then minister of foreign affairs, and eventually throat-cutting her way to becoming prime minister, Meir (who changed her name yet again in 1956 for better political packaging) was known in the halls of power as "The Serpent", but she packaged herself as a humble homebody, serving home-made soup to dignitaries in her own kitchen.
{{Quote|We ignored the Arabs of Palestine and set about developing the country as though it had no Arab population at all...the Arabs were attacking us because they had been dispossessed.|Golda Mier|Prime Ministerial Resignation speech}}
In [[fact]], Meir's priorities seem to always have been her own ambitions, she has been known to tell grandiose tales. Meir claimed, without proof, that in 1948, when tensions were rising between Israel and its Arab neighbors, that she risked her life, supposedly disguising herself as an Arab to pass through the battle lines and convince King Abdullah I of Jordan not to join the hostilities. King Abdulla objected. In his version, she simply made a phone call.

=Forced Retirement=
She remained in power until 1974 when she was directly responsible for the massive Israeli casualties suffered in the Yom Kippur "War" and run out of office. Meir finally retired.

=Golda's Shoes=
Perhaps Golda Meir's most fitting legacy was the official women's footwear of the Israeli army. Until 1987, the Israeli military, which drafts all Israeli citizens, men and women, for two or three years of mandatory service, issued all female recruits a pair of clunky, horribly uncomfortable shoes that nobody liked. Everyone called them "[[Golda's Shoes]]".

According to the Associated Press, most pairs of [[na'alei Golda]] ended up buried in the backs of closets as women soldiers preferred to wear almost anything else, and by the end of the 1980s, the military had discontinued standard-issue footwear entirely, allowing recruits to choose their own shoes. By 2009, Stars and Stripes was reporting that Israeli soldiers could be spotted wearing anything up to and including flipflops.

[[Category:Activists]]
[[Category:Orphaned articles|Golda Mier]]
[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Politicians]]

Murder of Mussolini

2024-05-08T22:06:51Z

Bacchus: /* The Communists killed Mussolini without legal process */

{{Key|Crime}}{{Cleanup|This article is still under construction}}{{Nutshell|The Italian people did not "rise up" against Mussolini. He was Murdered by communists.}}{{Locked}}{{Nominated}}{{Charter}}
=Murder of Benito Mussolini=

=The fable and the false narrative=

It must never be forgotten that [[Mussolini]] was MURDERED by seven [[Marxist]] terrorists. The bias in favor of [[Communist]] explanations is perhaps best revealed in the established account concerning Mussolini's gruesome end. Invariably we read of him being "executed by [[Italian]] partisans," wich always fails to mention that these "Italians" were getting their orders from Moscow. The two narratives that "the [[people]] rose up against him" like some mob, or that he was "lawfully executed" are complete and total lies that do not survive even three minutes of actual investigation.

===Basics===
The grotesque murder of [[Benito Mussolini]], possibly the most loved man in Italian [[history]], occurred on April 27-28, 1945, in the final days of the World's war against [[Communism]], when he was murdered by Communist Partisans in the small village of [[Giulino di Mezzegra]] in northern [[Italy]]. The generally accepted version of events is that Mussolini was shot by Walter Audisio, a communist partisan, has been debunked, though this narrative is still pushed by [[communists]] today. Since the end of the war, the circumstances of Mussolini's murder, and the [[identity]] of his executioner, have been subjects of continuing dispute as [[Marxists]] continue to push this failed narrative as if it were [[fact]].

====U.S. Army Signal Corps Film====
'''[[The army signal corps film]]''' is often compared to the Zapruder film of JFK fame. The film was taken by the advance team, which expected Mussolini to be alive when delivered to the plaza. The film is heavily edited, out of order, and has scenes artificially spliced in. Evem with these issues it is very easy to see that it in gross conflict with the official judeo-communist story.

====The Murder====
On April 25, he [[left]] Milan, where he had been based, and headed towards the Swiss border. He had plans to negotiate a [[peace]] conference (possibly a surrender) in Switzerland with the hopes of ending the fighting. He and his paramour, Claretta Petacci, were captured on April 27 by Communist sympathizers near the village of Dongo on Lake Como, bordering Switzerland. According to those present, Mussolini and Petacci were murdered after a night of torture, possibly accidently killed during torture.

====Appalled onlookers====
[[File:Appalledonlookers2.png|thumb|200px|left|People with their heads bowed, others throwing Roman salutes, others simply turning their faces away. Not the look of Mussolini's own people "rising up" against him. The Army Signal Corps film is full of such footage.]]
[[File:Appalledonlookers.png|thumb|200px|right|The faces of confused and saddened people, in sharp contrast to the clumsily spliced-in footage of people looking upward at *something*. Throughout the film you see these kinds of shocked and appalled faces.]]
[[File:Mussolinoprocession.png|thumb|200px|left|Once the communists had been removed, US forces assist in maintaining order as a makeshift procession takes place.]]
[[File:Embrace.png|thumb|200px|right|Members of the saddened crowd place the tortured, broken, and defiled bodies into a loving embrace. (Colorized) Note that the bodies of Mussolini and Petacci still do not display any signs of rigormortis, making the communist narrative absolutely impossible.]]
The bodies of Mussolini and Petacci were taken to Milan and hung by their heels by their murders, in a suburban square, the Piazzale Loreto, before a large angry crowd turned on the Communists. they were hung upside down from a metal girder above a service station on the square ''(at which [[time]] Petacci's bloodied privates were exposed, and the crowd's demeanor began to switch from shock to rage)'', taken down by the crowd, rehung by the communists, at which time some members of the crowd attacked. The police chief was forced to use a fire-hose on the attacking members of the appalled crowd, who were once again taking down the mutilated bodies. The single firehose was largely ineffective, and several of the communists were trapped by the crowd, some with guns drawn but with orders not to fire. These men, and one woman, were rescued by a US patrol that arrived on the scene from the opposite side of the city. The bodies were once again brought down, and reverently placed into a loving embrace by the distressed onlookers. US forces maintained order as an impromptu procession formed, hundreds of saddened Italian citizens viewing the bodies. The communists later returned in force, dispersed the crowd, and took control of the bodies.

====The Aftermath====
Initially, Mussolini was buried in an unmarked grave but, in 1946, his body was dug up and stolen by anti-Communist patriots. Later it was recovered by the authorities who then tried to keep it hidden for the next eleven years. they failed, and in 1957, his remains were again rescued by patriots and finally allowed to be interred in the Mussolini family crypt in his home town of Predappio. His tomb is visited daily, and has become a place of pilgrimage for historians, patriots, [[fascists]], and of course family.

====A Debunked Communist Narrative====
{{Quote|Even though he was a villain, and she his mistress, I felt sorry for them. It could not properly be called an interrogation at all. The men were like animals. It was an orgy of torture, sodomy and rape. It was quite barbaric.|Urbano Lazzaro}}
In the post-war years, the "official" communist version of Mussolini's murder has been rightfully questioned in Italy, and debunked, (but, generally, not internationally) in a manner that has drawn comparison with the [[John F. Kennedy]] assassination story. Nobody really believes the Communist story anymore. Even the Italian [[government]] has concluded that the communist narrative is not possible. Some journalists, politicians and historians, doubting the veracity of Audisio's account, have advanced a more plausable fact-base timeline as to how Mussolini was tortured and murdered, and who was responsible. Most Italians place [[Luigi Longo]] as the actual triggerman. In his 1993 book "Dongo: half a century of lies", the partisan leader [[Urbano Lazzaro]], who was present, repeated the fact that he had stated earlier that Luigi Longo and not Audisio, was "Colonnello Valerio".

=Critisism=
===The Communists killed Mussolini without legal process===
Regardless of which of the communists pulled the trigger, in each case the man who murdered Mussolini made a public confession, published in the Daily Express, or on a book, or on TV, gloating over the treacherous and cowardly method of his action. In particular they each claim to have shot Mussolini’s paramour. She was not even on any list of war criminals. None of these confessors had any authority from anybody to shoot this woman. There was no "authority" other than the Communist Party at all. In fact, the only orders given to any of these communist partisans came directly from Moscow. None of these confessions claim otherwise.

[[Category:Articles in need of cleanup|Murder of Mussolini]]
[[Category:Charter Articles]]
[[Category:Events]]
[[Category:Key Articles]]
[[Category:Protected pages]]

===The Communists killed his lover, who was not even involved===
With the murder of [[Clara Petacci]] the horror was there immediately in 1945 among most Italians. She was well loved. It is fascinating that all the communist accounts of the murder before, finally, some [[truth]] slipped out in 1996, claimed Petacci had thrown herself before Mussolini and so chosen death. Except she was going to be gunned down anyway, and it is interesting that the same report states that the communists never even considered sparing her. Various second-hand witnesees give different accounts, but all agree she was to die anyway. The eyewitness accounts and photographic evidence of sexual torture, make her murder all that much worse.

===The torture and rape===
{{Empty section|date=May 05, 2022|section=3.3}}

===Defilment of the bodies was, by any standards of civilised behaviour, appalling===

====The attempt to blame the mourners====
[[File:muss-face-damg.png|thumb|200px|right|Before and after images showing the devastating results of several rifle butt strikes to the face of Mussolini's corpse. Communists were the only ones bearing rifles.]] While the [[judeo-Marxist]] tale of the crowd behaving like a mob, and defiling the bodies may seem sensational, the film shows only communists defiling the bodies in any way. There is no footage of any normal Italian citizens defiling the bodies at all, in fact the only people seen striking, spitting, urinating on, or desecrating the bodies in any way are the communists themselves, who are easily identified as they are holding rifles. The faces of the people in The crowd actually look quite appalled.

==Who was Colonel Valerio?==

According to the communist account, Mussolini's supposed executioner, Walter Audisio, travelled under an alias: [[Colonel]] Valerio. There is no evidence of this. He later claimed to have held a miniature "war tribunal" with fellow communists, in order to "officially" condemn the beloved leader to death. However, Urbano Lazzaro, the man who'd arrested Mussolini, strenuously denied this tribunal ever happened.

Lazzaro would also later drop a bombshell, explaining that the Colonel Valerio he met was ABSOLUTELY NOT Walter Audisio. According to Lazzaro and [[others]] present, the man known as Colonel Valerio was actually Luigi Longo, a very senior Communist party official who answered directly to Moscow. It is now believed that Audisio was only named as the executioner to cover up the involvement of such a major [[political]] figure, and Audisio has changed his story several times.

==Earlier Murder==
Lazzaro and others give a different timeline; that they had actually been killed many hours before the communist execution story. According to these versions of events, after the torture and [[rape]], one of the two had tried to grab one of the communist's guns, and was shot in the ensuing scuffle. The other was then finished off like a crippled animal. There are several versions, but all agree on the above points. These events may have taken place, but foreinsic evidence of the film indicates that Mussolini and Petacci were killed just prior to being delivered to the plaza, well after the others.

=Timeline=
By July 1943, the Allied invasion of Sicily and bombing of [[Rome]] caused the Italian Council of Fascists and King [[Victor Emmanuel III]] to remove Mussolini from power. He left office peacefully, and was later arrested. This double-cross left a permanent mark on fascists who felt the Council of Fascists had gone soft. These famies, realizing that they too were in danger of being rounded up and handed over to the communists, fled to the north where Mussolini was still extremely popular. The King of Italy allowed them to form the Salo [[Republic]], rather than face a civil war. they overwhelmingly pla ed Mussolini back in charge. [[Adolf]] [[Hitler]] also continued to give Mussolini support.

==April 25==
With his Milan teetering on the precipice, Mussolini agreed to meet with a delegation of communists for peace talks at the palace of Milan’s Cardinal Alfredo Schuster, hosted by the National [[Socialists]]. There, a furious Mussolini learned that these were not "peace talks" at all, but a demand for unconditional surrender. He arranged for the National Socialists to escort him to Switzerland, a neutral country that could provide a more level playing field.

==April 27==
====9:30 am====
Mussolini was headed to Switzerland from Milan with his paramour, Clara Petacci, in the 1939 Alfa Romeo sport car he had bought as a gift. The following day, the pair joined the convoy of [[German]] soldiers heading north toward Lake Como and the border with Switzerland.

====9:40 am====
Somebody contacts Ardusio, saying that the convoy will be passing through Dongo sometime before noon. Some believe this spy to be Mussolini's personal secretary, but the Identity is completely inconclusive. Regardless, woman is hanged for this act three days later with the names of the murdered parties pinned to her.

====9:55 am====
A small communist checkpoint staffed by 5 men is alerted to the issue. Immediately the men begin hardening the checkpoint. Reinforcements are dispatched. By 10:25 there are over 30 communist reinforcements present.

====10:25====
Walter Audisio arrives, and takes command of the operation.

====11:15 am====
Communists stop the convoy at the lakeside town of Dongo. they were waiting, and fully prepared to subdue a German convoy escorting a world leader.

====11.35 am====
Mussolini and Petacci are positively identified and held for about 5 minutes, while Walter Audisio is fetched. "We got him!" Audicio is told. He orders that those arrested be taken to other locations, interrogated, and prepared for a public excution at Piazzale Loreto, an act of revenge for their fellow communists executed there eight months earlier.

====11:40 am====
The communists seize Mussolini and Petacci and move them to a remote farmhouse for a night of "interrogations".

==April 28==
====6:30 am (approx)====
The bodies of Mussolini and Petacci were removed from the house and driven to the small village of Giulino di Mezzegra on the shores of Lake Como. The communists claim they were ordered to stand in front of a stone wall at the entrance to Villa Belmonte where both were executed by machine gun fire, but since they were certainly already dead, it is more likely that the others kidnapped from the convoy were murdered there, the bodies of 14 murdered government officials and guests are tossed into the pickup truck with Mussolini's and Petacci's. Of they were alive at this time, however unlikely, ot makes the popular narrative and the communist version of events, impossible due to an unaccounted-for space of time; see below.

==26 hours missing==
There is no known account that properly explains the events of the 28th. There are no two accounts that agree. While travel can account for some of this missing time, it certainly cannot account for over a day. It is highly likely that many of the events attributed to the afternoon of the 27th actually occured on the 28th. This would mean that the "interrogation" lasted a full 24 hours longer, or if one believes the communist story, an extra 24 hours of conjugal bliss. Regardless of the story, Mussolini, Petacci, and the others are murdered at some point, and this spoils the planned public execution at Piazzale Loreto.

=====Probable events=====
Since the others were obviously killed several hours earlier, as foreinsic clues such as rigormortis indicate, it is highly likely that the communists wanted Mussolini and Petacci to experience the horror of either A.) Riding in the truck with the dead, or B.) arriving at the gas station to find the other victims already [[hanging by their feet]], which is a Marxist hallmark. The various states of Rigormortis bear this out, as does the surprised reactions from the afvance team upon seeing the two lovers already dead.

==April 29==
====6:30 am, April 29====
[[File:Musmur01.png|150px|thumb|right|Hours before the bodies are dumped. Various cameras are placed around the plaza. This long shot of the gas station clearly shows that there was nothing unexpected, or organic, about this carefully planned event. This early crowd is simply going about their daily business. Communist propagandists are obviously present, again, this is hours before the "people of Italy", or anyone else, "rose up against Mussolini". In fact, some communists have not even arrived yet.]]A communist [[propaganda]] team arrives, and begin setting up cameras.

====6:45====
More communists arrive. Some filming is done, long shots of the plaza, and some close-ups of communists pointing up at the still-empty gas station beams.

====7:00====
A sprinkling of regular citizens arrive, having been told that some sort of important national event is to take place, possibly a Mussolini speech. Rumors are already out that so.ething terrible has happened to the beloved couple.

====7:05====
[[File:Musmur02.png|150px|thumb|left|An hour before the bodies are dumped, the names of the intended victims are painted on the scaffolding. Many in the crowd still believe that Mussolini will be arriving to give some sort of speech. Others, who have heard rumors that Mussolini had been grabbed, openly confront the communists.]]The growing crowd becomes tense as they witness the names drawn on the scaffolding, including Petaccis'. Members of the forward team begin attempting to cheerlead the crowd into an anti-Mussolini, anti-[[fascist]], frenzy.

====7:10====
Members of the crowd who confront the communists are quickly shut down. The communists are armed, and clearly in charge. Those who suggest any sort of protest have a gun pointed at them.

====7:15====
Flowers arrive, and the advance team quickly set up a makeshift shrine at the wall where 15 spies and terrorists were executed. The communist propagandists are fully prepared with a poster, candles, flowers, etc. The communists brag that the flowers were gathered from the graves of fascists. Many of the flowers do, in fact, appear to be cemetary arrangements. The crowd grows uneasy as they sense [[File:Musmur03.png|150px|thumb|right|Shrine created with flowers stolen from the graves of fascists, at the fence where 15 communist terrorists were executed after a lengthy trial. In the film, you can see communists using the shrine, followed by the shrine being demolished by the angry crowd sometime later.]] some sort of atrocity is about to take place.

====7:30 am, April 29====
In the pre-dawn hours of April 29 the corpses of Mussolini, Petacci and 14 other innocents were tossed into a truck and dumped like garbage in Milan’s Piazzale Loreto, a deeply symbolic public square for the anti-fascist forces. There, eight months earlier, 15 communist terrorists were lawfully, executed after being found guilty, in a court, after avfair trial, of their crimes.

As the sun rose, the communist propaganda machine came into play. Multiple cameras were placed and began filming in anticipation of the [[spectacle]] about to occur.

====7:40====
The truck arrives and the bodies are unceremoniously dumped on the ground at somepoint befor 8:00 am. Also at about this time, three outraged men destroy the Shrine amd tear down the poster, but are faced by communists with guns. Filming of the shrine is forced to a halt. Seeing the dead, one of the communists in charge of the advance team shouts: "Cos'è successo?". The bodirs of Petacci and Mussolini appear to be freshly dead. One of the communists jokes that Mussolini is "limp even in death.", as the other victims clearly have rigormortis.

====8:15====
Unable to have The public execution they were hoping for, the communists begin defiling the corpses, concentrating on Mussolini. The bodies are mutilated, urinated on, spat on, kicked, struck with objects, etc. Those in The crowd who [[object]] see The barrel of a rifle. The communists have orders not to shoot anyone, but a show of guns is certainly made, and the brandished guns make effective crowd control. Unfortunately for the communists, the crowd is slowly growing and becoming untenable. At some point, a lone US Army sergeant begins assisting the communists in crowd control. The three men who destroyed the shrine become very vocal, and are warned off again with brandished guns.

=11:30 am=
[[File:Savedbyamericans.png|thumb|200px|right| GIs removing a trapped and slightly battered communist from the angry crowd.]][[American]] forces remove the trapped communists from the scene.

[[Category:Events]]

Critical race theory

2024-04-29T00:30:53Z

Bacchus: Text replacement - "tbe " to "the "

[[File:Critical race theory book display.png|thumb|350px|A book display with "[[woke]]" works on critical race theory]]
'''Critical Race Theory''' ('''CRT'''; also known as ''Race Marxism'') is a [[race denialist]] variant of [[critical theory]] which views [[races]] as only being social constructs. CRT began in the [[United States]] in the early 1980s. Instead of objective and academic [[racial thought]], CRT mainly teaches that [[white people]] are inherently and irredeemably [[racist]]. Many parents have protested against critical race theory being taught in public schools.

==Definition==
[[File:Critical race theory II.png|thumb|350px|Protest against critical race theory]]
[[File:CRT IS RACIST.png|right|thumb|350px|Anti-CRT poster]]
CRT is an explicit plot by [[communists]] to destroy [[Europeans]] (whites), very thinly veiled under the mask of a pseudo-intellectual study discipline. While CRT is simply the open expression of the true aims of communism in general, it is unusual in that it is completely unnuanced and explicit in its goals. Technically part of the [[New Left]] and a branch of [[Cultural Marxism]], it was initiated by the [[Frankfurt School]].

: ''CRT is a far more dangerous and one-sided attack on the entire range of standards for history, literature and social studies — and on America's fundamental principles of equal treatment under law and outcomes determined by "the content of character" rather than the color of one's skin. [...] The proposed CRT-influenced state history standards literally dropped any mention of the actual events, causes or results of the [[American Revolution|Revolutionary War]], the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] or [[WWI|World Wars I]] and II, except in as far as the wars affected [[Blacks]] or other minorities, and omitted the [[Holohoax]] altogether. Schoolchildren in several Minnesota school districts report that all they are currently taught about [[World War II]] is that that's when America bombed [[Japan]] and killed children. They learn that [[George Washington]] was a bad man who owned slaves. Students of Hispanic heritage are told they are "victims" and white students that they are "oppressors." Students are told that it's right to treat people differently based on skin color. In fact, CRT's principal "theorist," Ibram X. Kendi, is clear on this point: "The only remedy to racist discrimination is anti-racist discrimination," he has written. "The only remedy to past discrimination is present discrimination. The only remedy to present discrimination is future discrimination." This is not a corrective to some mythical white supremacist historical narrative that hasn't existed for at least two generations. Nor is CRT based on "diversity" or "inclusion" principles. It is itself a racist creed, derived from the [[Marxist]] class conflict model, which seeks to pit Black against white and each against all. It is identity politics gone rogue, dividing Americans based on race and national origin and caricaturing American history like a Soviet-era cartoon. CRT (or whatever proponents are calling it this week) seeks to delete any teaching about the advances of human liberty heralded by the Declaration of Independence and Constitution, "systematically" advanced by the abolition of slavery and the expansion of voting rights, ultimately to all, by the equal treatment of new states and of immigrants, by an unprecedented economic betterment for all classes. It ignores the contributions and progress of all Americans symbolized by the election of Irish, Italian and Hispanic Americans, Catholics, jews and Black people as governors, senators and presidents.'' – Douglas P. Seaton, president of the Upper Midwest Law Center<ref>[https://www.startribune.com/counterpoint-critical-race-theory-deserves-the-criticism-its-getting/600080894/ Counterpoint: Critical race theory deserves the criticism it's getting] Star Tribune, 23 July 2021</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210725050051/https://www.startribune.com/counterpoint-critical-race-theory-deserves-the-criticism-its-getting/600080894/ Counterpoint: Critical race theory deserves the criticism it's getting], Archive</ref>

==CRT promoters==
*[[Tim Wise]]
*[[Noel Ignatiev]]
*[[Leonard Zeskind]]
*[[Derrick Bell]]
*[[Kimberlé Crenshaw]]

==Quotes==
* ''Make no mistake about it, we intend to keep bashing the dead white males, and the live ones, and the females, too, until the social construct known as ‘the white race’ is destroyed. Not ‘deconstructed’ but destroyed.'' – [[Noel Ignatiev]], ''Race Traitor''

* ''Critical Race Theory is one of the hottest and most controversial topics in the world today, but what is it, really? Rightly understood, Critical Race Theory is a reinvention of an older, terrible idea, [[Marxism]], using race "as the central construct for understanding inequality" in place of economic class. That is, Critical Race Theory is Race Marxism. The evidence of this claim is so overwhelming upon even casual examination that it is a shock that it isn't immediately plain to everyone who encounters it. Therefore, this book by James Lindsay, the leading investigator of Critical Race Theory, serves less to make the case that Critical Race Theory is Race Marxism and more to serve as a long permission slip to the public to call Critical Race Theory what it plainly is.'' – James Lindsay<ref>''Race Marxism: The Truth About Critical Race Theory and Praxis'', 2022, ISBN-13 ‎ 979-8795809083</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="250" heights="300" perrow="4">
File:Critical race theory I.jpg
File:Critical race theory V.jpg
File:Critical race theory (protest 2021).jpg
File:Critical race theory III.png|Criticism (caricature)
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Anti-White]]
*[[Whiteness studies]]
*[[Racial awareness]]
* [[jewry]]
* [[Trotskyism]]
==Further reading==
*[https://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1238&context=cjlpp ''What’s Wrong with Critical Race Theory – Reopening the Case for Middle Class Values''] (1998) by Daniel Subotnik

==External links==
*[https://www.amren.com/news/2021/06/critical-race-theory-is-just-anti-white-racism/ Critical Race Theory Is Just Anti-White Racism]
*[https://www.theoccidentalobserver.net/2021/06/21/critical-race-theory-as-a-jewish-intellectual-weapon/ Critical Race Theory as a jewish Intellectual Weapon]
*[https://nationalfile.com/virginia-parents-sue-school-district-stop-critical-race-theory-indoctrination-kids/ Virginia: Parents Sue School District to Stop Critical Race Theory ‘Indoctrination’ of Their Kids]
=== Encyclopedias ===
*[https://www.britannica.com/topic/critical-race-theory Encyclopedia Britannica: critical race theory]
==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Template:Europhobia}}

[[Category:Cultural Marxism]]

[[Category:Europhobia]]
[[Category:Pseudoscience]]

[[Category:Degenerate culture]]
[[Category:Race relations]]

David Abrahams

2024-04-29T00:30:45Z

Bacchus: Text replacement - "tbe " to "the "

[[File:David_abrahams.png|thumb|right|David Abrahams]]
'''David Martin Abrahams''' (born [[13 November]] [[1944]]) <ref>although he reports himself as being 10 years younger. A Birth certificate was reproduced in [[Daily Telegraph]], 28 November 2007 p. 5</ref> is a [[jewish]] property developer, notable as a donor to the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] in the [[United Kingdom]]. He donated anonymously through third parties in breach of British law on party political donations, which gave rise to the [[Donorgate]] political scandal in the UK in November 2007 .<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7113255.stm Labour boss quits over donations] BBC News - 26 November, 2007</ref>
He lives in a converted family home in [[Gosforth]], Newcastle.<ref>[http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/mostpopular.var.1857899.mostviewed.ne_millionaire_is_secret_labour_donor.php N-E millionaire is secret Labour donor] The Northern Echo - 26 November, 2007</ref>

==Early life==
Abrahams was born in [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] as the only child in a [[jewish]] family.<ref name=jc-20071130a /> His father [[Bennie Abrahams]] was a Labour councilor for the [[Monkchester]] ward of [[Newcastle City Council]], and in 1981/2 [[Lord Mayor of Newcastle]].<ref>[http://www.newcastle.gov.uk/core.nsf/a/1981babrahams Bennie Abrahams - Bio at newcastle.gov.uk]</ref> David Abrahams attended a local school, in line with his father's [[Marxist]] principles.<ref name=jc-20071130a>{{cite news|url=http://www.thejc.com/home.aspx?ParentId=m11&SecId=11&AId=56813&ATypeId=1|title=The donor, the activist and the big questions|author=Nathan Jeffay, Jan Shure and Bernard Josephs|publisher=[[jewish Chronicle]]|date=30 November 2007|accessdate=2007-12-06}}</ref>

==Political activities==
Abrahams joined the Labour Party aged 15,<ref name="Telg1">[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/11/25/nlabour225.xml Labour faces inquiry over party donations] The Telegraph - 26 November, 2007</ref> and later following in his father's footsteps serving as a Labour [[councilor]] in [[Tyne and Wear]]. He tried to stand for the UK Parliament in the 1992 election in [[Richmond, North Yorkshire]] [[Richmond (Yorks) (UK Parliament constituency)|constituency]], against [[William Hague]], but was deselected after a series of rows within the local Labour party over his personal life and business interests. It emerged that he used the name '''David Martin''' when dealing with tenants in his various rental properties in the Newcastle area;<ref name="TimesProf">[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article2947099.ece Profile: reclusive Labour donor David Abrahams] The Times - 26 November, 2007</ref> and that he had claimed that he lived with his wife and son, though he had never been married. Divorcee Anthea Bailey later told a local newspaper she and her 11-year old son had posed as Mr Abrahams' family as part of a business arrangement so that Abrahams could create "the right impression".<ref name=sundaysun>{{cite news|url=http://icnewcastle.icnetwork.co.uk/sundaysun/news/tm_headline=how-sunday-sun-broke-first-david-abrahams-story&method=full&objectid=20190644&siteid=50081-name_page.html| title=How Sunday Sun broke first David Abrahams story|date=2 December 2007|author=Colin Patterson|publisher=Sunday Sun|accessdate=2007-12-02}}</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7114500.stm Profile of David Abrahams] BBC News - 27 November, 2007</ref> The [[Daily Mail]] suggested that this was done because the constituency in Yorkshire would be averse to "a confirmed bachelor who enjoys musical theatre".<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/news.html?in_article_id=496834&in_page_id=1770 The fantasy world of Labour's dodgy donor], by Richard Pendlebury, [[Daily Mail]], 27th November 2007</ref>

In 2007 Abrahams was provincial vice-chairman of the [[jewish Labour Movement]] and served on the executive of [[Trade Union Friends of Israel]]. He supports the [[Community Security Trust]] and [[Academic Friends of Israel]].<ref name=telegraph-20071202>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/12/02/ndonor202.xml|title=David Abrahams' glory days as Blair ally|author=Chris Hastings and Andrew Alderson|publisher=[[Daily Telegraph]]|date=2 December 2007|accessdate=2007-12-02}}</ref> In 1991 Abrahams was elected to the [[Labour Friends of Israel]] national executive,<ref name=jc-20071130a /> eventually becoming Treasurer,<ref name=jc-20071207>{{cite news|url=http://www.thejc.com/home.aspx?ParentId=m11&SecId=11&AId=56890&ATypeId=1|title=David Abrahams gave in secret ‘to quell conspiracy fears’|author=Leon Symons|publisher=[[jewish Chronicle]]|date=7 December 2007|accessdate=2007-12-17}}</ref> but in 2002 left the executive following a dispute with the then chairman [[Jon Mendelsohn]] (since September 2007 chief fundraiser to the British [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]]) when Abrahams wanted Labour Friends of Israel to make contact with a particular [[Palestinian]] organisation.<ref name=independent-20071203>{{cite news|url=http://comment.independent.co.uk/commentators/yasmin_alibhai_brown/article3218062.ece|title=The shadowy role of Labour Friends of Israel|author=Yasmin Alibhai-Brown|publisher=[[The Independent]]|date=3 December 2007|accessdate=2007-12-06}}</ref> Despite their previous falling out, Mendelsohn described Abrahams as "one of the party's strongest supporters" in a letter written to Abrahams in 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/1570725/David-Abrahams-breaks-his-silence.html|title=David Abrahams breaks his silence|publisher=[[Telegraph]]|date=29 November 2007|accessdate=2008-10-02}}</ref>

==Business career==
Abrahams is currently director of six property companies. In an [[affidavit]] sworn in 1991 when seeking a [[High Court of Justice|High Court]] order to stop a newspaper story about him, his lawyer Howard Gold, a partner with the solicitors firm Mincoff, Science & Gold in Newcastle said he had used two names at the request of his father, who died in 1990. David Martin was a registered business name, and all bank accounts and tax returns were in the name of Martin.<ref name="TimesProf"/> Abrahams and a business partner were later sued for nearly £1.73m by the [[Allied Irish Bank]] over a property deal that went sour. The case reached the [[House of Lords]], and the bank won<ref name="AIB v Martin">[http://www.klgates.com/files/Publication/fbc7d03a-e4ae-4b83-85bc-4c8d43fce019/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/84bd2ac7-77b9-4cf8-9e60-4d9d4bd71eed/Thebank.pdf AIB Group v Martin] </ref> , but it is not presently known if the money was ever repaid.<ref name="Ch41">[http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/politics/domestic_politics/labour+boss+resigns+in+funding+row/1100447 Labour boss resigns in funding row] Channel4 - 26 November, 2007</ref>

In 2005, Abrahams was refused permission to develop the 540-acre Durham Green [[business park]] and rail freight depot, next to junction 61 south of [[Durham]] on the [[A1(M)]]. Mr Abrahams, calling himself David Martin, approached Durham city council in early 2005 with proposals for the business park. He submitted plans in July that year but the Highways Agency blocked it because of concerns over congestion on the A1.<ref name="Telg3">[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/11/28/nbrown1228.xml David Abrahams only has £144,000 of assets] The Telegraph - 29 November, 2007</ref> The [[Highways Agency]] imposed an Article 14 ban on the grounds that the development risked causing congestion to the motorway, and it was also reported that the site had a series of protected [[badger]] sets on it. In September 2006, after Abrahams resubmitted the plans with details of improved road access, the agency, which answers to the Department for Transport, removed its objections.<ref name="Telg3"/> By this time Ray Ruddick and Janet Kidd had donated £159,850 to Labour.<ref name="Telg2">[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/11/27/nlabour827.xml Questions raised over £60m business park] The Telegraph - 27 November, 2007</ref> On [[19 October]] [[2006]], a new company called Durham Green Developments was set up to develop the site. It has only two directors, Ray Ruddick and Janet Kidd;<ref name="Telg2"/> and its registered address is Abraham's home address in Gosforth. After the company, financially backed by the [[Bank of Scotland]], began erecting fences, Ruddick (who was site coordinator), described how the development had a "unique advantage" because of its proximity to the A1.<ref name="Telg2"/>

==New Labour donations==
{{main|Donorgate}}
It emerged that since [[Prime Minister]] [[Gordon Brown]] had come to power, Abrahams was now Labour's third largest donor behind [[David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville|Lord Sainsbury of Turville]] (£2million) and Iranian businessman [[Mahmoud Khayami]] (£320,000 in September 2007). <ref name="MosS1">[http://www.mailonsunday.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/news.html?in_article_id=496244&in_page_id=1770 How big Labour backer is a jobbing builder who knows NOTHING about his £200,000 donation] Mail on Sunday - 25 November 2007</ref> Abrahams has donated at least £548,850 since 2003, via at least two work colleagues, his solicitor and the wife of an employee.<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/news.html?in_article_id=496689&in_page_id=1770 Four top ministers embroiled in Labour sleaze crisis as prosecutions loom] Daily Mail - 27 November, 2007</ref>

Abrahams has been adamant that he only used proxies to avoid publicity. However such use of proxies appears to be illegal under legislation introduced by the Labour Party. The subsequent scandal, which was named [[Donorgate]] by the media, has swiftly spread to many leading figures in the Labour Party. (see [[Donorgate|main article]] for details). Abrahams has claimed that Gordon Brown's chief fundraiser , [[Jon Mendelsohn]], had known about his use of proxy donors since early 2007, and that he thought they were a ''good idea''. Mendelsohn, who took on his job in September, had previously claimed that he had no idea about Mr. Abrahams's donations. He has called Abrahams's allegations ''fictional and completely untrue''.<ref>[[Independent on Sunday]], 2 December 2007</ref>

In an interview with [[The jewish Chronicle]], Abrahams was reported as saying he donated cash secretly to avoid accusations of being part of a "jewish conspiracy".<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7131540.stm BBC NEWS | Politics | Abrahams warning for government]</ref> A spokesman for Abrahams has denied he said this but the Chronicle's editor, David Rowan, stands by the report.<ref>[http://politics.guardian.co.uk/funding/story/0,,2223770,00.html jewish Chronicle defends its coverage of David Abrahams], [[The Guardian]], 7 December 2007</ref>

According to the [[BBC]], Mr Abrahams said he donated cash secretly to avoid accusations of being part of a "jewish conspiracy". <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7131540.stm BBC NEWS | Politics | Abrahams warning for government]</ref>
Mr Abrahams, a practicing jew, has strong links with Israel. He is provincial vice-chairman of the jewish Labour Movement, serves on the executive of the Trade Union Friends of Israel, and supports organisations including the Community Security Trust (a British charity set up to protect jews living in the UK), Labour Friends of Israel, and Academic Friends of Israel.
Earlier this year, he provided £250,000 to found a chair in International Politics of the Middle East at Warwick University. For many years, he has made regular trips to Israel with Trade Union Friends of Israel and earlier this year, in Britain, he met Ehud Olmert, the Israeli prime minister, whom he has also seen in Israel.
His neighbours in Newcastle recall years ago that their road had to be closed for "security reasons" when the Israeli ambassador visited Mr Abrahams at his home.
Mr Abrahams, however, insists that his charity and political donations are from his own pocket -and that he is not the conduit of another mystery benefactor.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/12/02/ndonor202.xml&page=2 David Abrahams' glory days as Blair ally - Telegraph]</ref>

==References==
{{Refbegin|3}}
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{Refend|3}}

==External links==
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7114500.stm BBC News Profile of David Abrahams]
*[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article2947099.ece The Times - profile of Labour donor David Abrahams]
*[http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2007/nov/28/uk.partyfunding3 BBC profile]
*[http://www.durhamgreen.co.uk Durham Green Business Park website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Abrahams, David}}
[[Category:United Kingdom]]
[[Category:jews]]
[[Category:jews]]

Carolingian dynasty

2024-04-29T00:30:43Z

Bacchus: Text replacement - "tbe " to "the "

[[File:Carolingian to HRE or HRR.png|right|350px]]
The '''Carolingian dynasty''' was a dynasty of [[Frankish]] rulers. Initially, they had the position of "Mayor of the Palace" ([[German]]: ''Hausmeier''), an office that developed from being in charge of the household to that of regent or viceroy, with the [[Germanic|Westgermanic]] kings from the [[Merovingian dynasty]] eventually being figureheads. Finally, the Carolingians also took the title of [[King of the Franks]]. The [[name]] derives from the large number of family members who bore the name Charles, notably [[Charles Martel]] and [[Charlemagne]].

==History==
[[File:Rise of the Frankish Empire.png|right|350px]]
===Carolingian Empire (800–888) ===
The term "Carolingian [[Empire]]", considered the first phase in the [[history]] of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], is a modern convention and was not used by its contemporaries. The language of official acts in the empire was [[Latin language|Latin]]. The empire was referred to variously as ''universum regnum'' ("the whole kingdom", as opposed to the regional kingdoms), ''Romanorum sive Francorum [[imperium]]''<ref>Sometimes with ''Romanum'' ([[Roman]]) replacing ''Romanorum'' (of the Romans) and ''atque'' (and) replacing ''sive'' (or).</ref> ("empire of the Romans and Franks"), ''Romanum imperium'' ("[[Roman Empire|Roman empire]]"), or even ''imperium christianum'' ("[[Christian]] empire").<ref>{{Cite book |last=Garipzanov |first=Ildar H. |title=The Symbolic Language of Authority in the Carolingian World (c.751–877) |date=2008 |isbn=9789047433408}}</ref>

: ''The Carolingian Empire (800–888) was the final stage in the history of the early medieval realm of the Franks, ruled by the Carolingian dynasty. The size of the empire at its zenith around 800 AD was 1,112,000 km², with a population of between 10 and 20 million [[people]]. With its division in 843, it also represents the earliest stage in the history of the [[kingdom of France]] and the [[kingdom of Germany]], which in the High [[Middle Ages]] would emerge as the powerful monarchies of continental [[Europe]], Capetian [[France]] and the [[Holy Roman Empire]], and by extension the predecessor of the modern nations of France and Germany. The beginning of the Carolingian era is marked by the coronation of Charlemagne, or [[Charles the Great]] by [[Pope]] Leo III at [[Christmas]] of the year 800, and its end with the death of [[Charles the Fat]]. Because Charles and his ancestors had been rulers of the Frankish realm earlier (his grandfather Charles Martel had essentially founded the empire during his lifetime, and his father, Pepin the Short, was the first [[King of the Franks]]), the coronation did not actually constitute a new empire. Most historians prefer to use the term "Frankish Kingdoms" or "[[Frankish Realm]]" to refer to the area covering parts of today's Germany and France from the 5th to the 9th century. Though Charles Martel chose not to take the title King, as his son Pepin III the Short would, or [[Emperor]], as his grandson [[Charlemagne]] would become titled, he was absolute ruler of virtually all of today's continental Western Europe north of the Pyrenees. Only the remaining Saxon realms, which he partly conquered, Lombardy, and the Marca Hispanica north of the Pyrenees were significant additions to the Frankish realms after his death. Martel was also the founder of all the feudal systems and [[merit]] system that marked the Carolingian Empire, and Europe in general during the Middle Ages, though his son and grandson would gain credit for his innovations. Further, Martel cemented his place in history with his defense of Christian Europe against a Muslim army at the Battle of Tours in 732. The Iberian Saracens had incorporated Berber lighthorse cavalry with the heavy Arab cavalry to create a formidable army that had almost never been defeated. Christian [[European]] forces, meanwhile, lacked the powerful tool of the stirrup. In this victory, Charles earned the surname Martel ("the Hammer"). [[Edward Gibbon]], the historian of [[Rome]] and its aftermath, called Charles Martel "the paramount prince of his age." Pepin III accepted the nomination as king by Pope Zachary in about 751. Charlemagne's rule began in 768 at Pepin's death. He proceeded to take control over the kingdom upon the death of his brother, a co-inheritor of Pepin. Charlemagne was crowned [[Roman Emperor]] in the year 800. [...] Lothar II died in 869 with no legitimate heirs, and his Kingdom was divided between Charles the Bald and [[Louis the German]] in 870 by the Treaty of Meerssen. Meanwhile, Louis the German was involved with disputes with his three sons. Louis II died in 875, and named Carloman, the eldest son of Louis the German, his heir. Charles the Bald, supported by the Pope, was crowned both King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor. The following year, Louis the German died. Charles tried to annex his realm too, but was defeated decisively at Andernach, and the Kingdom of the eastern Franks was divided between Louis the Younger, Carloman of Bavaria and Charles the Fat. The Empire, after the death of Charles the Bald, was under [[attack]] in the north and west by the [[Vikings]], and was facing internal struggles from [[Italy]] to the [[Baltic]], from [[Hungary]] ([[Magyars]]) in the east to Aquitaine in the west. Charles the Bald died in 877 crossing the Pass of Mont Cenis, and was succeeded by his son, [[Louis the Stammerer]] as King of the Western [[Franks]], but the title of Holy Roman Emperor lapsed. Louis the Stammerer was physically weak and died two years later, his realm being divided between his eldest two sons: Louis III gaining Neustria and Francia, and Carloman gaining Aquitaine and Burgundy. The [[Kingdom of Italy]] was finally granted to King Carloman of Bavaria, but a stroke forced him to abdicate Italy to his brother Charles the Fat and Bavaria to Louis of Saxony. Also in 879, Boso, Count of Arles founded the Kingdom of Lower Burgundy in Provence. In 881, Charles the Fat was crowned the [[Holy Roman Emperor]] while Louis III of Saxony and Louis III of Francia died the following year. [[Saxony]] and [[Bavaria]] were united with Charles the Fat's Kingdom, and Francia and Neustria were granted to Carloman of Aquitaine who also conquered Lower Burgundy. Carloman died in a hunting accident in 884 after a tumultuous and ineffective reign, and his lands were inherited by Charles the Fat, effectively recreating the Empire of Charlemagne. Charles, [[suffering]] what is believed to be epilepsy, could not secure the kingdom against Viking raiders, and after buying their withdrawal from Paris in 886 was perceived by the court as being cowardly and incompetent. The following year his nephew Arnulf of Carinthia, the illegitimate son of King Carloman of Bavaria, raised the standard of rebellion. Instead of fighting the insurrection, Charles fled to Neidingen and died the following year in 888, leaving a divided entity and a succession mess. The Empire of the Carolingians was divided: Arnulf maintained Carinthia, [[Bavaria]], [[Lorraine]] and modern [[Germany]]; Count Odo of Paris was elected King of Western Francia (France), Ranulf II became King of Aquitaine, Italy went to Count Berengar of Friuli, Upper Burgundy to Rudolph I, and Lower Burgundy to Louis the Blind, the son of Boso of Arles, King of Lower Burgundy and maternal grandson of [[Louis II of Italy|Emperor Louis II]]. The other part of [[Lotharingia]] became the duchy of Burgundy.''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220504122412/http://www.holyromanempireassociation.com/carolingian-empire.html The Carolingian Empire]</ref>

===Mayors of the Palace===
: ''In the [[Roman Empire|Roman empire]] large households were run by an official known as major domus ('mayor of the house'), from whom we derive our major-domo. The Frankish kings adapt this system, calling their chief administrative officer major palatii, the mayor of the palace. Administrators of this kind always tend to enlarge their own fief. The mayors of the palace gradually add to their domestic duties the roles of tutor to royal princes, adviser to the king on matters of policy and eventually even commander of the royal army. From the mid-7th century the usual conflict between Austrasia, Neustria and Burgundy evolves into a power [[struggle]] and outright warfare between the mayors of the respective palaces. In 687, for the first [[time]], one mayor controls all three kingdoms. He is Pepin II, who fights his way to this pre-eminence after becoming mayor of the palace in Austrasia in 679. His rule can be seen, with hindsight, as the start of a new royal dynasty. But the turmoil following his death in 714 makes this seem, at the time, improbable. Pepin's only male descendants at his death are legitimate grandsons and an illegitimate son, Charles. Civil war results, by 727, in victory for Charles. His military prowess brings him the title Charles Martel ('the Hammer'). And from his Christian name (Carolus in [[Latin]]) his descendants become known to history as the Carolingians.''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220104020412/http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/plaintexthistories.asp?historyid=ab74 The Merovingians: 5th – 8th century AD]</ref>

=== Emperors ===

For other Carolingian kings, see [[List of Frankish kings]]. For the later emperors, see [[Holy Roman Emperor]].

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Name
! Date of imperial coronation
! Date of death

|-
| '''[[Charlemagne]]'''
| 25 December 800
| 28 January 814

|-
| '''[[Louis the Pious]]'''
| ''1st'': 11 September 813<ref>Egon Boshof: ''Ludwig der Fromme''. Darmstadt 1996, p. 89</ref> ''2nd'': 5 October 816
| 20 June 840

|-
| '''[[Lothair I]]'''
| 5 April 823
| 29 September 855
|-
| '''[[Louis II of Italy|Louis II]]'''
| ''1st'': [[Easter]] 850 ''2nd'': 18 May 872
| 12 August 875

|-
| '''[[Charles the Bald]]'''
| 29 December 875
| 6 October 877

|-
| '''[[Charles the Fat]]'''
| 12 February 881
| 13 January 888

|}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20211025112614/https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/History/World_History/Book%3A_World_History_-_Cultures_States_and_Societies_to_1500_(Berger_et_al.)/07%3A_Western_Europe_and_Byzantium_circa_500-1000_CE/7.10%3A_Western_Europe_-_The_Rise_of_the_Franks Western Europe – The Rise of the Franks]
=== Encyclopedias ===
*[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Carolingian-dynasty Encyclopedia Britannica: Carolingian dynasty]
*[https://theodora.com/encyclopedia/c/carolingians.html Encyclopedia Britannica 1911 Edition: Carolingians]
*[https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/french-history-biographies/carolingians Encyclopedia.com: Carolingians]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:History]]
[[Category:Nobility]]
[[Category:Pages with broken file links]]

Dar al-Islam

2024-04-29T00:30:37Z

Bacchus: Text replacement - "tbe " to "the "

'''Dar al-Islam''' "''in Islamic political ideology, the region in which Islam has ascendance; traditionally it has been matched with the Dār al-Ḥarb (abode of war), the region into which Islam could and should expand. This mental division of the world into two regions persisted even after Muslim political expansion had ended.''"<ref>Dār al-Islam https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dar-al-Islam</ref>

This is related to demands for a worldwide caliphate, made explicitly by some Islamist groups.

Over time, various historians and scholars have had differing ideas about the origins of this concept. One viewpoint is expressed in the 2007 book ''Islamic Imperialism: A History,'' in which the author Efraim Karsh states:<ref>{{cite book|last=Karsh|first=Efraim|title=Islamic Imperialism: A History|year=2007|page=64|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0300122633}}</ref>
{{quote|''As a universal religion, Islam envisages a global political order in which all humankind will live under Muslim rule as either believers or subject communities. In order to achieve this goal it is incumbent on all free, male, adult Muslims to carry out an uncompromising struggle "in the path of Allah", or jihad. This in turn makes those parts of the world that have not yet been conquered by the House of Islam an abode of permanent conflict (''Dar al-Harb'', the "house of war") which will only end with Islam's eventual triumph.''}}

== See also ==
*[[Islamization and anti-Islamization]]
*[[Islamist supremacism]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Islam]]

Bill White

2024-04-29T00:30:28Z

Bacchus: Text replacement - "tbe " to "the "

{{Stub}}

'''Bill White'' is an Internet personality who is sometimes right, sometimes wrong, but always unpredictable.

INFO

Born: 1977

Location: Roanoke, Va.

Ideology: Presently [[National Socialist]]

He once was a left-wing [[anarchist]] who promoted drugs, homosexuality, bombs and violent anti-racism. But around the turn of the millennium, he swung to the right, as reflected in his Overthrow.com website and its "Libertarian Socialist News" service, which was for several years the second most popular such site on the Internet. After some time with another pro-white group, White set up his own American [[National Socialist Workers Party]] in 2006. In April 2010, White was sentenced to 2 ½ years in prison for making threats against his enemies through the Internet, the telephone and the mail. His American National Socialist Workers Party collapsed in the wake of his legal troubles.

[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Activists]]

British National Party (1940s)

2024-04-29T00:30:26Z

Bacchus: Text replacement - "tbe " to "the "

:''For other uses see, [[British National Party (disambiguation)]].''
The '''British National Party''' of the '''1940s''' was a [[British]] political party formed by [[John Webster]] and led by [[Edward Godfrey]]. It called for a negotiated peace to end the war. The party was disbanded in 1943 and Godfrey formed the [[English National Association]]. Webster would go on to found the organization [[English Legion]] and in 1945 [[Essential Books]]. Webster would later emigrate to [[Australia]] working with [[far-right]] [[fascist]] organizations in that country.<ref>''Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations'', by Peter Barberis, John McHugh, Mike Tyldesley, page 177</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==See also==
* [[Lineage of British Fascist organizations and individuals]]

Aral Sea environmental disaster

2024-04-29T00:30:24Z

Bacchus: Text replacement - "tbe " to "the "

[[File:Aral Sea 1989-2008.png|thumb|right|300px|Comparison of the Aral sea in 1989 and in 2008.]]
The '''Aral Sea''' was the world's fourth-largest lake, lying between [[Kazakhstan]] in the north and [[Uzbekistan]] in the south. Due to irrigation policies starting during the [[Communist]] era and continued afterwards, it has almost completely disappeared. The shrinking of the Aral Sea has been called "one of the planet's worst environmental disasters". The gradual disappearance of the lake was no surprise to the Soviet Communists; they had actually expected it to happen faster.

{{wikipedia}}

[[Category:Communism]]
[[Category:Environmental disasters]]

Anti-Racist Hitler

2024-04-29T00:30:12Z

Bacchus: Text replacement - "tbe " to "the "

[[File:AntiRacistHitler.png|thumb|225px|right|The image of the cover of the short 10 minute film '''Anti-Racist Hitler''' created and produced by [[White Rabbit Radio]] in 2013 as a way to teach what [[Anti-Racism]] really is]]
'''Anti-Racist Hitler''' is a 10 minute short film created by Matt the White Rabbit aka [[White Rabbit Radio]] in 2013 as a way to explain and teach what [[Anti-Racism]] is really about and what it can lead to if it were practiced.

==About==
In this hilarious allegorical animation, [[Adolf Hitler]], after escaping to [[Argentina]], has second thoughts about racism and decided to become anti-racist and pro-immigration. He tells the people of [[Israel]], in the words of [[Barbara Specter]], that Israel must learn to be multicultural if it is to survive. Anyone complaining about their own people being displaced is accused of being racist.

==Education from film==
The film is to teach and show what Anti-Racism is and what the after effect would be like if the idea took power. It simply explains that being proud of who you are, loving your people, and believe in preserving the future of your people is considered "racist" as if it were a bad thing. Anti-Racism allows [[Multiculturalism]]/Race Mixing, [[Diversity]], and immigration which are meant to over populate over a group of people and replace them with other races.

==Link to video==
https://whiterabbitradio.net/antiracist-hitler

Charles Lindbergh

2024-04-29T00:30:03Z

Bacchus: Text replacement - "tbe " to "the "

[[File:Charles Lindbergh 1.png|thumb|300px|Charles A. Lindbergh]]
'''Charles Augustus Lindbergh''' (4 February 1902 – 26 August 1974) was an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, and activist. He is one of the best-known figures in aeronautical history, remembered for the first nonstop solo flight across the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. Before the [[United States]] entered [[World War II]], Lindbergh was an advocate of [[non-interventionism]].

In his later years, Lindbergh became a prolific author, international explorer, inventor, and environmentalist.

==Life==
[[File:Charles Lindbergh and the Spirit of Saint Louis (Crisco restoration, with wings).png|thumb|300px|Charles Lindbergh with the the custom-built, single-engine, single-seat, high-wing monoplane "Spirit of St. Louis" (formally the Ryan NYP, registration: N-X-211) prior to his flight.]]
[[File:Hermann Göring presents a medal and a honour sword to Charles A. Lindbergh on 18 October 1938.png|thumb|300px|[[Generalfeldmarschall]] [[Hermann Göring]] presents Colonel Lindbergh (holding Göring's famous wedding [[sword]]) with the [[Order of the German Eagle]] on 18 October 1938.]]
[[File:Charles Lindbergh address a rally of the America First Committee in October 1941..png|thumb|300px|Charles Lindbergh address a rally of the America First Committee in October 1941]]
===Early life===
Lindbergh was born in [[Detroit, Michigan]], on February 4, 1902, and spent most of his childhood in Little Falls, Minnesota, and Washington, D.C. He was the only child of Charles August Lindbergh (birth name Carl Månsson; 1859–1924), who had emigrated from [[Sweden]] to Melrose, Minnesota, as an infant, and Evangeline Lodge Land Lindbergh (1876–1954) of Detroit. The couple separated in 1909 when Lindbergh was seven years old. His father, a U.S. [[Congressman]] (R-MN-6) from 1907 to 1917, was one of the few congressmen to oppose the entry of the U.S. into [[World War I]] (although his congressional term ended one month before the House of Representatives voted to declare war on Germany). His father's book ''Why Is Your Country at War?'', which criticized the nation's entry into the war, was seized by federal agents under the Comstock Act. It was later posthumously reprinted and issued in 1934 under the title ''Your Country at War'', and ''What Happens to You After a War''.

Lindbergh's mother was a chemistry teacher at Cass Technical High School in Detroit and later at Little Falls High School, from which her son graduated on June 5, 1918. Lindbergh attended more than a dozen other schools from Washington, D.C., to California during his childhood and teenage years (none for more than a year or two), including the Force School and Sidwell Friends School while living in Washington with his father, and Redondo Union High School in Redondo Beach, California, while living there with his mother. Although he enrolled in the College of Engineering at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in late 1920, Lindbergh dropped out in the middle of his sophomore year and then went to Lincoln, Nebraska, in March 1922 to begin flight training.

===Transatlantic flight===
On May 20, 1927, Lindbergh took off in the Spirit of St. Louis from Roosevelt Field, near [[New York City]], at 7:52 A.M. He landed at Le Bourget Field, near [[Paris]], on May 21 at 10:21 P.M. Paris time (5:21 P.M. New York time). Thousands of cheering people had gathered to meet him. He had flown more than 3,600 miles (5,800 kilometers) in 33 1/2 hours. Lindbergh's flight thrilled people throughout the world. He was honored with awards, celebrations, and parades. President [[Calvin Coolidge]] gave Lindbergh the [[Medal of Honor]] and the [[Distinguished Flying Cross]].

===Kidnapping===
On March 1, 1932, the Lindberghs' 20-month-old son, Charles Augustus, Jr., was kidnapped from the family home in [[New Jersey]]. About ten weeks later, his body was found. In 1934, police arrested a carpenter, Richard Hauptmann ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Hauptmann,_Bruno_Richard de]), and charged him with the murder. Hauptmann was convicted of the crime. He was executed in 1936.

The press sensationalized the tragedy. Reporters, photographers, and curious onlookers pestered the Lindberghs constantly. In 1935, after the Hauptmann trial, Lindbergh, his wife, and their 3-year-old son, Jon, moved to [[Europe]] in search of privacy and safety. The Lindbergh kidnapping led Congress to pass the "[[Lindbergh Law]]." This law makes kidnapping a federal offense if the victim is taken across state lines or if the mail service is used for ransom demands.

===In Europe (1936–1939)===
While in [[Europe]], Lindbergh was invited by the governments of [[France]] and [[Germany]] to tour the aircraft industries of their countries. Lindbergh was especially impressed with the highly advanced aircraft industry of Germany. In 1938, [[Hermann Goering]], presented Lindbergh with a German medal of honor, he also received the [[Order of the German Eagle]] with Star on 18 October 1938. Lindbergh's acceptance of the medal caused an outcry later in the United States. Lindbergh and his family returned to the United States in 1939.

===World War II===

In 1941, he joined the [[America First Committee]], an organization that opposed voluntary American entry into [[World War II]]. Lindbergh became a leading spokesman for the committee. He criticized President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s foreign policies. He also charged that British, [[jewish]], and pro-Roosevelt groups were leading America into war. Lindbergh resigned his commission in the Army Air Corps after Roosevelt publicly denounced him. Some Americans accused Lindbergh of being pro-Germany because he refused to return the medal he had accepted.

After the Japanese attacked [[Pearl Harbor]] on Dec. 7, 1941, Lindbergh stopped his non-involvement activity. He tried to re-enlist, but his request was refused. He then served as a technical adviser and test pilot for the Ford Motor Company and United Aircraft Corporation. In April 1944, Lindbergh went to the Pacific war area as an adviser to the United States Army and Navy. Although he was a civilian, he flew about 50 combat missions. Lindbergh introduced engine-leaning techniques to P-38 pilots, greatly improving fuel consumption at cruise speeds, enabling the long-range fighter aircraft to fly longer-range missions.

===Later Years===
After the War, Lindbergh withdrew from public attention. He worked as a consultant to the chief of staff of the U.S. Air Force. President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] restored Lindbergh's commission and appointed him a brigadier general in the Air Force in 1954. Pan American World Airways also hired Lindbergh as a consultant. In 1953, Lindbergh published ''The Spirit of St. Louis'', an expanded account of his 1927 transatlantic flight. The book won a [[Pulitzer Prize]] in 1954.

Lindbergh travelled widely and developed an interest in the cultures of peoples in [[Africa]] and the [[Philippines]]. In the late 1960's, he ended his years of silence to speak out for the conservation movement. He especially campaigned for the protection of humpback and blue whales, two species of whales in danger of extinction. Lindbergh opposed the development of supersonic transport planes because he feared the effects the planes might have on the earth's atmosphere.

==Death==
Lindbergh spent his last years on the Hawaiian island of Maui, where he died of cancer (lymphoma) on August 26, 1974, at age 72. He was buried on the grounds of the Palapala Ho'omau Church in Kipahulu, Maui.

==Gallery==
In order to extend his American and English pilot's license, Colonel Lindbergh visited the ''Fliegeruntersuchungsstelle'' (aviation inspection center in [[Berlin]]) of the [[Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)|Luftwaffe]] at the request of the American Embassy in Berlin on 25 October 1938 and was examined by Oberstarzt Dr. med. [[Ernst Otto Wilhelm Koschel]]:

<gallery widths="250" heights="250" perrow="4">
File:Charles Lindbergh, Untersuchung Oberstarzt Dr. Ernst Koschel (1).png
File:Charles Lindbergh, Untersuchung Oberstarzt Dr. Ernst Koschel (2).png
File:Charles Lindbergh, Untersuchung Oberstarzt Dr. Ernst Koschel (3).png
File:Charles Lindbergh, Untersuchung Oberstarzt Dr. Ernst Koschel (4).png
File:Charles Lindbergh, Untersuchung Oberstarzt Dr. Ernst Koschel (5).png
File:Charles Lindbergh, Untersuchung Oberstarzt Dr. Ernst Koschel (6).png
File:Charles Lindbergh, Untersuchung Oberstarzt Dr. Ernst Koschel (7).png
File:Charles Lindbergh, Untersuchung Oberstarzt Dr. Ernst Koschel (8).png
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Charles Lindbergh's Des Moines, Iowa speech]]
*[[Laura Ingalls]]
*[[Bellamy salute]]

==External links==
*[http://charleslindbergh.com/ charleslindbergh.com]
*[https://codoh.com/library/document/charles-lindbergh-wronged-american-hero/en/ Charles Lindbergh: Wronged American Hero]
*[https://codoh.com/library/document/war-and-peace-two-historic-speeches/en/ War and Peace: Two Historic Speeches]

[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:Aviators]]
[[Category:Peace activists]]

[[Category:America First Committee]]

Alessandra Mussolini

2024-04-29T00:29:54Z

Bacchus: Text replacement - "tbe " to "the "

[[File:Allessandramussolini.png|thumb|right|Mussolini]]
'''Alessandra Mussolini''', the granddaughter of[[fascist]]Italian benefactor [[Benito Mussolini]], A-class Model, author, lecturer, and member of Parliament. Her grandfather, Benito, was kidnapped along with his Lady, Claretta Petacci, in April of 1945. they were [[Murder of Mussolini murdered by communists]] and Their bodies were hung upside down, Marxist style, at the [[Piazzale Loreto]] in Milan before appalled crowds. Communists, jews, and other anti-fascists have long targeted her for harassment.

=Legal Battles=
Alessandra Mussolini Has Threatened Legal Action Against Anyone Who Defames Her Grandfather’s Image, has taken several cases to court, and has won Them.

Benito Mussolini is remembered differently depending on which side of [[WWAC]] one identifies with. If one sides with the communists, Mussolini is painted as a dictator. If one identifies otherwise, Mussolini is seen as a savior and benefactor.

Alessandra Mussolini is a staunch supporter of her family name. In October of 2018, she threatened to sue anyone who used a copyrighted image of her grandfaTher in a disrespectful manner. She wrote on Twitter that she had lawyers at work looking at images of Benito Mussolini used illegally.

=The tweet=
The tweet prompted a backlash, especially from[[jews]]groups. Israeli newspaper Haaretz cited Riccardo Pacifici, the former president of The[[jews]]community in Rome, who said, ''"We don’t know whether she had a nervous breakdown, but Mussolini’s threats were outrageous."'' She let her attorneys deal with the whiney[[jews]]

=Parliament=
Alessandra Mussolini is a Member of Parliament. Alessandra Mussolini has an active presence in Italian politics. She is a member of The European People’s Party in The European Parliament.
Mussolini’s Parliament bio states that she is a member of the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs and is part of the Delegation to the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly.

Mussolini began her political career in 1992 when she was first elected to Parliament. She was named a deputy in the [[Italian Social Movement]]. She ran for Mayor of [[Naples]] in the early 1990s but lost to Antonio Bassolino. Mussolini was previously part of the political party called [[Forza Italia]] but left the party in 2018 to join the European People’s Party.
Mussolini has attracted controversy throughout her political career. In 2006, transgender politician Vladimir Luxuria called Mussolini as [[fascist]]. She responded by saying, “It’s better to be a[[fascist]]than a faggot.”

=Sophia Loren=
Mussolini is the Niece of Sophia Loren and pursued acting and modeling before entering politics. Alessandra Mussolini was born in [[Rome]] on December 30, 1962, according to her personal website. She is the daughter of [[Romano Mussolini]] and [[Maria Scicolone]]. Her father was Benito Mussolini’s fourth son. Her mother’s sister is actress Sophia Loren.

Mussolini’s aunt encouraged her to pursue an acting career, according to the Italian news outlet The Local. Mussolini’s film credits included "Doomsday" and the "Assisi Underground." Mussolini stopped acting after a director told her she should change her last name. During the 1980s, Mussolini also tried her hand at modeling. She posed for Playboy and appeared on two covers. Mussolini has three children and has been happily married since 1989.

[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Activists]]
[[Category:Fascists]]
[[Category:Politicians]]

Confederate Underground

2024-04-29T00:29:42Z

Bacchus: Text replacement - "tbe " to "the "

The '''Confederate Underground''' (also known as '''Confederate Union''' and '''Confederate Center of Information''')<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/foia_Allen_Wallace_H.-HQ-7/Allen_Wallace_H.-HQ-7#page/n54/mode/1up FBI file on Wallace H. Allen]</ref> was an alleged group which claimed responsibility for [[List of Southern Resistance Bombings|several bombings]] including the [[bombing of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation Temple]] on October 12, 1958 in [[Atlanta]]. A police informant claimed the group consisted of six to eight members headed by attorney [[J.B. Stoner]].<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/foia_Bright_George_M.-HQ-1/Bright_George_M.-HQ-1#page/n34/mode/1up FBI file on George Bright]</ref> The FBI was unable to confirm this.

A [[United Press International]] (UPI) staff member had received a call earlier that night warning that a bombing would occur, but did not take the call seriously. At 3:45 a.m., shortly after the bombing, UPI staff received a call from "General Gordon of the Confederate Underground" who said "We bombed a temple in Atlanta. This is the last empty building in Atlanta we will bomb. All nightclubs refusing to fire their Negro employees will also be blown up. We are going to blow up all Communist organizations. Negroes and jews are hereby declared aliens."

Five men associated with the [[National States' Rights Party]], a [[white supremacist]] group, were arrested. Only one was tried for the bombing ([[George Bright]]) and after a second trial he was acquitted.

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==See also==
* [[The Underground (KKK)]]

==Video==
<videoflash>9bIohat252A|430|320</videoflash> 
President [[Eisenhower]] condemns the temple bombing attributed to the Confederate Underground.

[[Category:Bombings]]
[[Category:Terrorism]]
{{wikipedia}}

Che Guevara

2024-04-29T00:29:41Z

Bacchus: Text replacement - "tbe " to "the "

{{Nopic}}
'''Ernesto "Che" Guevara''' (Spanish: [ˈtʃe ɣeˈβaɾa]; 14 June 1928 – 9 October 1967) was an Argentine Marxist revolutionary, physician, writer, guerrilla leader, diplomat, and military Theorist. A so called major figure of the Cuban Revolution, his stylized visage has become a ubiquitous countercultural symbol of rebellion and global insignia in popular culture.

==Intolorance==
In the process of building a [[communist]] society after [[Fidel Castro]] came to power in 1959 in Cuba, one of the ideas Che Guevara presented and promoted was the notion of the “new man.” This concept grew out of Guevara’s aversion to capitalism, and was first explained in his note on “Man and Socialism in Cuba“. He believed that “The individual under socialism (…) is more complete,” and that the state should educate men and women in anti-capitalist, cooperative, selfless and non-materialistic values.

==Communism==
Anyone who deviated from the “new man” was seen as a ”counter-revolutionary.” Such was the case of gay men —whom Guevara referred to as “sexual perverts.” Both Guevara and Castro considered homosexuality a bourgeois decadence. In an interview in 1965, Castro explained that “A deviation of that [[nature]] clashes with the concept we have of what a militant communist should be.”

Che Guevara also helped establish the first Cuban concentration camp in Guanahacabibes in 1960. This camp was the first of many. From the [[National Socialists]] the Cuban government also adapted the motto at [[Auschwitz]], “Work sets you free,” changing it to “Work will make you men.” According to Álvaro Vargas Llosa, homosexuals, Jehova’s Witnesses, Afro-Cuban priests, and others who were believed to have committed a crime against revolutionary morals, were forced to work in These camps to correct Their “anti-social behavior.” Many of Them died; others were tortured or raped.

==Racism==
Guevara also espoused [[racism|racist]] views. In his diary, he referred to black people as “those magnificent examples of the African race who have maintained Their racial purity thanks to Their lack of an affinity with bathing.” He also thought white Europeans were superior to people of African descent, and described Mexicans as “a band of illiterate Indians.”

[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Politicians]]

Croix de Feu

2024-04-29T00:29:35Z

Bacchus: Text replacement - "tbe " to "the "

{{Stub}}[[File:croixdefeulogo.png|frameless|right|250px]]
The '''Croix-de-Feu''' was a [[fascist]], [[fascist]], [[traditionalism|traditionalist]] French league of the [[Interwar period]], led by Colonel [[François de la Rocque]]. After it was dissolved, as were all other leagues during the Popular Front period, La Rocque established the Parti social français to replace it.

=Stats=
*President: François de La Rocque
*Founded: November 11, 1927
*Dissolved: January 10, 1936
*Succeeded by: [[French Social Party]]
*Headquarters: Rue de Milan, Paris
*Newspaper: Le Flambeau
*Student wing: Groupes Universitaires
*Youth wing: Fils et Filles de Croix-de-Feu
*Security: Volontaires Nationaux
*Woman's wing: Sections Féminines
*Membership (1936): 700,000
*Ideology: French nationalism, [[corporatism]], [[fascism]]
*Political position: right
*Religion: [[Roman Catholicism]]
*Colours: Black

[[Category:Groups]]

David Olère

2024-04-29T00:29:29Z

Bacchus: Text replacement - "tbe " to "the "

'''David Olère '''(1902 – 1985) was a jewish prisoner at [[Auschwitz]] and a postwar painter known for his politically correct paintings of his alleged [[Holohoax]] experiences. See the "External links" section regarding [[Holohoax revisionist]] criticisms.

== External links ==
*[http://holocausthandbooks.com/index.php?page_id=15 Lectures on the Holohoax—Controversial Issues Cross Examined] - discusses David Olère in section 4.5.9 "David Olère"

{{Holohoax individuals links}}

[[Category:Alleged Holohoax witnesses]]

Bennie Sartin

2024-04-29T00:29:26Z

Bacchus: Text replacement - "tbe " to "the "

'''Bennie Sartin''' of Elkton was the [[United Klans of America]] [[Grand Dragon]] for [[Maryland]]. He replaced [[Ralph Pryor]] in early 1966.

[[Category:Ku Klux Klan leaders]]

Blondi

2024-04-29T00:29:24Z

Bacchus: Text replacement - "tbe " to "the "

[[File:Hitler Blondi Berghof.png|290px|thumb|Hitler and Blondi at the [[Berghof]]]]
'''Blondi''' (c. 1941 – 29 April 1945) was [[Adolf Hitler]]'s [[German Shepherd dog]], a gift as a puppy from his loyal men in 1941, and put down in 1945, when [[Hitler]] committed suicide, as he feared that the Soviets would capture and torture Blondi after overrunning the bunker, as they had done with pets belonging to [[Mussolini]] and [[others]].
==History==
[[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F051673-0059, Adolf Hitler und Eva Braun auf dem Berghof, 14. Juni 1942.png|thumb|290px|[[Adolf Hitler]] and his later wife [[Eva Braun]] with their dogs vacationing at the Berghof on 14 Junie 1942]]
Hitler was according to accounts very fond of Blondi and other dogs he owned. He may have been especially fond of [[German]] Shepherds. In 1921, during his years of poverty, he had been forced to lodge another German Shepherd elsewhere. However, she managed to escape and return to him. Hitler, who adored the [[loyalty]] of the dog, thereafter developed a great liking for the breed. There were also other associations such as German Shepherds being argued to be close to wolves and the [[name]] "[[Adolf]]" [[meaning]] "Noble Wolf". His known dogs before Blondi are "Muck", "Prinz" and "Blonda".

Hitler was in ''[[Mein Kampf]]'' and National [[Socialist]] [[propaganda]] portrayed as a great animal lover and Blondi played a role in this propaganda. After Hitler gained power, [[National Socialist]] [[Germany]] implemented various strong animal and environmental protection measures. This was rarely mentioned in later Allied propaganda portraying Hitler as a psychopath.
===Purchase===
[[Rochus Misch]] reported at an event organized by the "Hoffmann-von-Fallersleben-Bildungswerk e. V." in [[Berlin]] in 2000 (as reported by the "Deutschherrenklub"), he was there when the men at the Berghof chose Blondie from the litter. Since Misch only belonged to the [[Führer]] Escort Command ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BChrer-Begleit-Kommando ''Führer-Begleit-Kommando'']) from 1940, it can be assumed that Blondie was born in 1940, or rather 1941.

According to Misch, the motivation for the purchase was the death of “Muck” and the grief of Adolf Hitler. The Berghof's housekeeper made the suggestion, and after Hitler's loyal followers inspected the litter (Blondi came from a litter of the German Shepherd of [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Troost,_Gerdy Gerdy Troost], [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Troost,_Paul_Ludwig Paul Ludwig Troost]'s wife.), they decided to pool together, buy the puppy and give it to the Führer to cheer him up, which they did. Misch wrote in his notes:

: ''“The animal always had a positive effect on Hitler, distracting him and cheering him up.”''

Hitler often had himself pictured with this dog and, according to contemporary witnesses, loved her very much. His secretary [[Traudl Junge]] wrote in her memoirs ''Bis zur letzten Stunde. Hitlers Sekretärin erzählt ihr Leben'' (List-Verlag, 2004):

: ''“Hitler had the greatest pleasure when Blondi could jump a few centimeters higher again […], and he stated that spending [[time]] with his dog was his best form of relaxation.”''

== Death ==

Before Hitler committed suicide on 30 April 1945, he ordered physician SS-Obersturmbannführer Dr. med. Werner Haase<ref>Haase was murdered 1950 by the Soviets in [[Moscow]].</ref> ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Haase,_Werner de]) to test a cyanide capsule on Blondi. The capsule killed her. According to a report commissioned by [[Stalin]] and based on eye witness accounts, Hitler's dog-handler, a Sergeant Fritz Tornow, took Blondi's pup "Wolf" from the arms of the [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Geschwister_Goebbels Goebbels children], who had been playing with it, and shot "Wolf" in the garden of the [[Führerbunker]]. He then put down Eva Braun's two dogs (Scotch Terriers named “Negus” and “Stasi”) and his own [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Deutscher_Dachshund Dachshund] by lethal injection.

Hitler did not want the beloved dogs in the hands of the [[Red Army]] where they would be abused as subjects of [[anti-German]] propaganda and torture. Tornow was later captured by the Allies. Hitler's nurse, Erna Flegel, said in 2005 that Blondi's death had affected the [[people]] in the bunker more than [[Eva Braun]]'s suicide had. When the [[Battle of Berlin]] fizzled out, the dog was exhumed and photographed by the Soviets.

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Adolf Hitler]]
[[Category:Dogs]]
[[Category:Pages with broken file links]]
[[Category:Animals]]