FasciPedia - User contributions [en]

User talk:Maruku

2023-03-02T02:54:36Z

Maruku: /* Communicating on fascipedia -- 𝘼𝙧𝙘𝙝𝙖𝙣𝙜𝙚𝙡 08:21, 1 March 2023 (UTC) */

'''Welcome to ''FasciPedia''!'''
We hope you will contribute much and well.
You will probably want to read the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents help pages].
Again, welcome and have fun! [[User:Bacchus|𝓑𝓪𝓬𝓬𝓱𝓾𝓼 ]] ([[User talk:Bacchus|talk]]) 22:25, 5 December 2022 (UTC)

== Nowiki tags -- [[User:Bacchus|𝓑𝓪𝓬𝓬𝓱𝓾𝓼 ]] ([[User talk:Bacchus|talk]]) 00:40, 10 December 2022 (UTC) ==

Wrapping code in nowiki tags deactivates the code. For example, placing four tildes inside nowiki tags looks like this: <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> but when placed at the end of a comment without the nowiki tags, it sends you an alert, and signs the comment

like this: [[User:Bacchus|𝓑𝓪𝓬𝓬𝓱𝓾𝓼 ]] ([[User talk:Bacchus|talk]]) 00:40, 10 December 2022 (UTC)

{{award
|border=blue
|color=#fcf7de
|image=Bdaycake-gold.png
|size=100px
|topic=You Won A Prize!
|text=Congratulations! You have won one of the AWESOME prizes in FasciPedia's incredible Adolf Hitler's Birthday contest! Click here to see the [[FasciPedia:4-20 Birthday Party (Main Page)|CONTEST HOME PAGE]] which includes the contest rules and a complete list of all prizes! Click here to see [[FasciPedia:4-20 Birthday Party (Dec)|THIS MONTH's PAGE]], which shows all of this month's winners and the prizes they have won, including YOU! Finally, click here to see who won virtual [[FasciPedia:4-20 Cakes|BIRTHDAY CAKES]]!! Contact us to claim your prize!!
|textcolor=Black
}}

== January Winner! -- '''[[User:Archangel|𝘼𝙧𝙘𝙝]][[User talk:Archangel|𝙖𝙣𝙜𝙚𝙡]]''' 20:34, 26 January 2023 (UTC) ==

{{award
|border=blue
|color=#fcf7de
|image=Bdaycake-gold.png
|size=100px
|topic=You Won A Prize!
|text=Congratulations! You have won one of the AWESOME prizes in FasciPedia's incredible Adolf Hitler's Birthday contest! Click here to see the [[FasciPedia:4-20 Birthday Party (Main Page)|CONTEST HOME PAGE]] which includes the contest rules and a complete list of all prizes! Click here to see [[FasciPedia:4-20 Birthday Party (Jan)|THIS MONTH's PAGE]], which shows all of this month's winners and the prizes they have won, including YOU! Finally, click here to see who won virtual [[FasciPedia:4-20 Cakes|BIRTHDAY CAKES]]!! Contact us to claim your prize!!
|textcolor=Black
}}

== Notifs -- [[User:Bacchus|𝓑𝓪𝓬𝓬𝓱𝓾𝓼 ]] ([[User talk:Bacchus|talk]]) 21:35, 23 February 2023 (UTC) ==

Are you getting the notifications? I am testing the new feature. [[User:Bacchus|𝓑𝓪𝓬𝓬𝓱𝓾𝓼 ]] ([[User talk:Bacchus|talk]]) 21:35, 23 February 2023 (UTC)

Yes, I'm getting them. Forgive me if I mess this up, I have no idea how to use this talk feature... I had to look up how to
reply just now.[[User:Maruku|Maruku]] ([[User talk:Maruku|talk]]) 17:46, 26 February 2023 (UTC)

== Gold Cake -- [[User:WikiSysop|WikiSysop]] ([[User talk:WikiSysop|talk]]) 20:58, 26 February 2023 (UTC) ==

{{award
|border=blue
|color=#fcf7de
|image=Bdaycake-gold.png
|size=100px
|topic=You Won Gold Cake!
|text=Congratulations! You have won one of the AWESOME prizes in FasciPedia's incredible Adolf Hitler's Birthday contest! Click here to see the [[FasciPedia:4-20 Birthday Party (Main Page)|CONTEST HOME PAGE]] which includes the contest rules and a complete list of all prizes! Click here to see [[FasciPedia:4-20 Birthday Party (Feb)|THIS MONTH's PAGE]], which shows all of this month's winners and the prizes they have won, including YOU! Finally, click here to see who won virtual [[FasciPedia:4-20 Cakes|BIRTHDAY CAKES]]!! Contact us to claim your prize!!
|textcolor=Black
}}
I am awarding you Gold Cake for your Trump article. I don't know if you are finished or not, but it's good. Did you lift it? I couldn't tell. If you did, I couldn't find from where. You seem to have scrubbed it well too. Very nice. I did not read the whole thing, I'll do that later. Oh, one thing. Everything on Fascipedia is written from a fascist point of view, so I like to see some fascism-related content in the lede. Maybe a mention about how the press kept comparing him to Mussolini or some-such, personally never thought of him as a fascist, but I'll leave it up to you. Phenominal work! [[User:WikiSysop|WikiSysop]] ([[User talk:WikiSysop|talk]]) 20:58, 26 February 2023 (UTC)
::that is a really really nice article. i wrote a lede. Mostly because the article didn't have one. its largly my opinion, except for the quotes from the terminator and the jew professorette, so feel free to splice dice and thrash it. [[User:Bacchus|𝓑𝓪𝓬𝓬𝓱𝓾𝓼 ]] ([[User talk:Bacchus|talk]]) 23:14, 26 February 2023 (UTC)
:::Thank you very much. I don't know exactly what the gold cake means, but I appreciate you none the less. Both of you. I mainly used the Brittanica as my source, was the least biased towards leftist BS I could find. I'm New with all of this, and am always open to help and suggestions. I'm easy to get along and work with, and I know I'm going to mess something up somewhere along the line. But I'll do my best to help. [[User:Maruku|Maruku]] ([[User talk:Maruku|talk]]) 02:29, 27 February 2023 (UTC)
::::Getting cake increases your chances of winning prizes. [[User:WikiSysop|WikiSysop]] ([[User talk:WikiSysop|talk]]) 07:05, 27 February 2023 (UTC)
:::::Awesome! I appreciate you. [[User:Maruku|Maruku]] ([[User talk:Maruku|talk]]) 17:35, 27 February 2023 (UTC)

== Communicating on fascipedia -- '''[[User_talk:𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹|𝘼𝙧𝙘𝙝]][[User talk:Archangel|𝙖𝙣𝙜𝙚𝙡]]''' 08:21, 1 March 2023 (UTC) ==

Its a necessary skill for *ANY* fascionary!

Fortunatly, its real simple! Here are the basics, in bullet-point form:
* A talk page is just like an article page. Anything you can do in an article, you can do on a talk page, but a talk page had more features.
* You place headings, text, and images on a talk page in exactly the same way as in any article.
* sign you name with four tildes "<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>", the software will automagically do the rest, sign the name, timestamp it, and queue the proper alerts.
* Next to your name at the top you will find your notification and alert icons. Tap'em when you're ready to read them.
* Tag (link) people into your conversation by using a link, like this <nowiki>[[User:Exampleman]]</nowiki>, and that person will get a notification directing them to the conversation.
* Start a new topic by using the "New topic" tab as the top.

Ok something has come up I will tell you more later. '''[[User_talk:𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹|𝘼𝙧𝙘𝙝]][[User talk:Archangel|𝙖𝙣𝙜𝙚𝙡]]''' 08:21, 1 March 2023 (UTC)
::Nice! Thank you very much for explaining that. You are appreciated. [[User:Maruku|Maruku]] ([[User talk:Maruku|talk]]) 02:54, 2 March 2023 (UTC)

User talk:Maruku

2023-02-27T17:35:00Z

Maruku: /* Gold Cake -- WikiSysop (talk) 20:58, 26 February 2023 (UTC) */

User talk:Maruku

2023-02-27T02:29:22Z

Maruku: /* Gold Cake -- WikiSysop (talk) 20:58, 26 February 2023 (UTC) */

Donald J. Trump

2023-02-26T19:53:26Z

Maruku: Created page with "== Donald Trump - 45th President of the United States == <gallery> File:Donald_Trump_official_portrait.png </gallery> Donald Trump, in full Donald John Trump, (born June 14, 1946, New York, New York, U.S.), 45th president of the United States (2017–21). Trump was a real-estate developer and businessman who owned, managed, or licensed his name to several hotels, casinos, golf courses, resorts, and residential properties in the New York City area and around the world. F..."

== Donald Trump - 45th President of the United States ==
<gallery>
File:Donald_Trump_official_portrait.png
</gallery>

Donald Trump, in full Donald John Trump, (born June 14, 1946, New York, New York, U.S.), 45th president of the United States (2017–21). Trump was a real-estate developer and businessman who owned, managed, or licensed his name to several hotels, casinos, golf courses, resorts, and residential properties in the New York City area and around the world. From the 1980s Trump also lent his name to scores of retail ventures—including branded lines of clothing, cologne, food, and furniture—and to Trump University, which offered seminars in real-estate education from 2005 to 2010. In the early 21st century his private conglomerate, the Trump Organization, comprised some 500 companies involved in a wide range of businesses, including hotels and resorts, residential properties, merchandise, and entertainment and television.

Trump was the third president in U.S. history (after Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Bill Clinton in 1998) to be impeached by the U.S. House of Representatives and the only president to be impeached twice—once (in 2019) for abuse of power and obstruction of Congress in connection with the Ukraine scandal and once (in 2021) for “incitement of insurrection” in connection with the storming of the United States Capitol by a violent mob as Congress met in joint session to ceremonially count electoral college votes from the 2020 presidential election. Both bogus, and both ended in his acquittal by the U.S. Senate. Trump lost the 2020 election to former vice president Joe Biden by 306 electoral votes to 232; he lost the popular vote by more than seven million votes.

== Early life and business career ==

Trump was the fourth of five children of Frederick (Fred) Christ Trump, a successful real estate developer, and Mary MacLeod. Donald’s eldest sister, Maryanne Trump Barry, eventually served as a U.S. district court judge (1983–99) and later as a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit until her retirement in 2011. His elder brother, Frederick, Jr. (Freddy), worked briefly for his father’s business before becoming an airline pilot in the 1960s. Freddy’s alcoholism led to his early death in 1981, at the age of 43.

Donald Trump attended New York Military Academy (1959–64), a private boarding school; Fordham University in the Bronx (1964–66); and the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School of Finance and Commerce (1966–68), where he graduated with a bachelor’s degree in economics. In 1968, during the Vietnam War, he secured a diagnosis of bone spurs, which qualified him for a medical exemption from the military draft (he had earlier received four draft deferments for education). Upon his graduation Trump began working full-time for his father’s business, helping to manage its holdings of rental housing, then estimated at between 10,000 and 22,000 units. In 1974 he became president of a conglomeration of Trump-owned corporations and partnerships, which he later named the Trump Organization.

== Presidential election of 2016 of Donald Trump ==

From the 1980s Trump periodically mused in public about running for president, but those moments were widely dismissed in the press as publicity stunts. In 1999 he switched his voter registration from Republican to the Reform Party and established a presidential exploratory committee. Though he ultimately declined to run in 2000, he published a book that year, The America We Deserve, in which he set forth his socially liberal and economically conservative political views. Trump later rejoined the Republican Party, and he maintained a high public profile during the 2012 presidential election. Although he did not run for office at that time, he gained much attention for repeatedly and claiming that Democratic Pres. Barack Obama was not a natural-born U.S. citizen.

== Presidency of Donald Trump ==

Almost immediately upon taking office, Trump began issuing a series of executive orders designed to fulfill some of his campaign promises and to project an image of swift, decisive action. His first order, signed on his first day as president, directed that all “unwarranted economic and regulatory burdens” imposed by the ACA should be minimized pending the “prompt repeal” of that law. Five days later he directed the secretary of the Department of Homeland Security to begin planning for the construction of a wall along the country’s southern border. An executive order on ethics imposed a five-year ban on “lobbying activities” by former executive branch employees but weakened or removed some lobbying restrictions imposed by the Obama administration.

=== Immigration ===

One of Trump’s most controversial early executive orders, issued on January 27, implemented his promised “Muslim ban,” which temporarily suspended immigration to the United States from seven Muslim-majority countries in the interest of national security. The travel ban, as it came to be known, was immediately challenged in court on statutory and constitutional grounds (i.e., for allegedly violating anti-discrimination and other provisions of the U.S. Immigration and Nationality Act and for being inconsistent with the due-process and establishment-of-religion clauses of the Constitution). The ban also provoked spontaneous demonstrations at major airports in the United States in support of persons with valid visas who were prevented from boarding flights to the U.S. or who were detained upon arrival and forced to return to their originating countries. In February a district court in Washington state issued a nationwide temporary restraining order enjoining enforcement of the travel ban, which the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit declined to stay.

Foreseeing eventual defeat in the courts, Trump in March issued a second executive order, designed to avoid the constitutional pitfalls of the first, which it superseded. The second order also dropped Iraq from the list of targeted countries and narrowed the categories of persons whose travel would be affected. Nevertheless, district courts in Hawaii and Maryland issued preliminary injunctions blocking enforcement of the revised travel ban, which were largely upheld in May and June by the Fourth and Ninth Circuit Courts of Appeal, respectively. After agreeing in June to hear the consolidated cases during its October 2017 term, the U.S. Supreme Court significantly narrowed the injunctions, allowing the travel ban to be enforced against “foreign nationals who lack any bona fide relationship with a person or entity in the United States.”

In September Trump issued a third version of the ban, which continued to apply to immigrants from six Muslim-majority countries but now included immigrants from North Korea and certain government officials of Venezuela. The Supreme Court then vacated as moot the cases it had been scheduled to hear regarding the second travel ban. The third ban, like the previous two, was immediately challenged and enjoined, but the Supreme Court stayed the injunctions in December pending review by the Fourth and Ninth Circuits (which upheld them). The Ninth Circuit’s decision in Trump v. Hawaii was eventually reversed by the Supreme Court in June 2018. In its ruling, the Court held, among other things, that the ban was not obviously motivated by unconstitutional religious bias, notwithstanding many public statements by Trump that had indicated otherwise to lower courts.

From at least the early 2010s the majority of illegal immigration across the U.S. southern border with Mexico had been undertaken by people claiming asylum from violence and persecution in their home countries, especially in Central America and Africa. Under U.S. immigration law, foreign persons who are physically present in the United States, including those who entered the country illegally, are entitled to asylum as refugees provided that they can establish a credible fear of persecution in their home countries based on their race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in certain social groups.

=== Emoluments clause ===

During the presidential election campaign, some of Trump’s critics had warned that his presidency could create a unique and immediate constitutional crisis because of his possible violation of the foreign emoluments clause of the U.S. Constitution, which generally prohibits federal officeholders from accepting gifts, payments, or other items of value from foreign states or rulers without congressional permission. A related constitutional provision, known as the domestic emoluments clause, specifically prohibits the president from receiving any emolument from the federal government or the states beyond his official compensation. Trump’s vast, complex, and largely secret international business interests, it was argued, could create exactly the kind of conflict of interest that the foreign emoluments clause was intended to prevent—unless Trump were to sell his assets or place them in a blind trust. Although federal conflict-of-interest laws did not apply to the president and vice president, several of Trump’s immediate predecessors in office had used blind trusts or other means to avoid the appearance of conflict of interest.

To address such concerns, in January 2017 Trump announced that he would surrender control—but not ownership—of his company, the Trump Organization, to his sons Donald, Jr., and Eric; that the company would undertake no new business deals with foreign countries or the U.S. government; and that the company would donate to the U.S. Treasury any profits derived from patronage of Trump’s properties by foreign governments—an arrangement that failed to satisfy some specialists in government ethics. In late January a public interest group, Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW), later joined by other plaintiffs, filed suit against Trump (in his capacity as president) in federal district court in Manhattan, alleging that he was in violation of the foreign emoluments clause. In June the attorneys general of Maryland and the District of Columbia sued Trump for allegedly having violated both the foreign and domestic emoluments clauses, and soon afterward nearly 200 Democratic members of Congress filed a separate suit alleging that, by continuing to accept emoluments from foreign countries without consulting Congress, Trump had denied Congress the opportunity to give or withhold its “Consent” as required under the foreign emoluments clause. After the CREW suit was dismissed (for lack of standing) in district court in December, the plaintiffs appealed the case to a three-judge panel of the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, which vacated the lower court’s judgment in September 2019, allowing the suit to proceed to trial. Trump unsuccessfully petitioned the Second Circuit for an en banc hearing (before all judges of the court) and then filed a writ of certiorari (petition for review) with the Supreme Court in September 2020.

In March and July 2018 a federal district court denied motions by Trump to dismiss the suit by Maryland and the District of Columbia, allowing that case to move forward with regard to the operation of the Trump International Hotel in Washington, D.C. After issuing a stay of the district court’s proceedings, a three-judge panel of the Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit reversed the district court’s rulings and ordered a dismissal of the suit for lack of standing (the possession of a sufficient interest in the outcome of a judicial proceeding, usually on the basis of an existing or anticipated legal injury). That judgment in turn was set aside in October 2019, when the Fourth Circuit agreed to an en banc hearing in December. In May 2020 the Fourth Circuit upheld the district court’s original rulings, leading Trump to file a writ of certiorari with the Supreme Court in September. Meanwhile, in the suit brought by Democratic members of Congress, a district court rejected (in September 2018 and April 2019) the Trump administration’s motion to dismiss but agreed in August 2019 to stay discovery and to allow an immediate appeal of the court’s orders after a three-judge panel of the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit remanded the case in July. That panel later agreed to hear oral arguments in December on the question of whether the district court had erred in allowing the suit to proceed. In February 2020 it dismissed the suit for lack of standing, and in October 2020 the Supreme Court declined to review the circuit court’s judgment. Following Biden’s inauguration as president in January 2021, the Supreme Court dismissed both of the remaining emoluments suits as moot.

== Links ==
https://www.trump.com/leadership/donald-j-trump-biography

[[Category:History]]
[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Politicians]]

[[Category:History]]
[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Politicians]]

File:Donald Trump official portrait.png

2023-02-26T19:46:37Z

Maruku: Category:People

== Summary ==

[[Category:People]]

User talk:Maruku

2023-02-26T17:46:58Z

Maruku: /* Notifs -- 𝓑𝓪𝓬𝓬𝓱𝓾𝓼 (talk) 21:35, 23 February 2023 (UTC) */

International Standard Serial Number

2023-02-08T18:26:21Z

Maruku: Definition

=International Standard Serial Number(ISSN)=

=What's an ISSN?=
An ISSN is an 8-digit code used to identify newspapers, journals, magazines and periodicals of all kinds and on all media–print and electronic.

=What uses an ISSN?=
An ISSN identifies all continuing resources, regardless of their medium (print or electronic):

Newspapers,
Annual Publications (reports, directories, lists, etc.),
journals,
magazines,
collections,
websites,
databases,
blogs,etc.

=What does an ISSN look like?=
The ISSN takes the form of the acronym ISSN followed by two groups of four digits, separated by a hyphen. The eighth digit is a check digit calculated according to a modulus 11 algorithm on the basis of the 7 preceding digits; this eighth control digit may be an “X” if the result of the computing is equal to “10”, in order to avoid any ambiguity.

e. g.: ISSN 0317-8471, ISSN 1050-124X

=Its role is to?=
To identify a publication. It's a digital code without any intrinsic meaning:

It does not include any information about the origin or contents of the publication,
nor does it guarantee the quality or validity of the contents.
The ISSN is associated with the title of the publication. If the publication is
modified significantly, a new ISSN must be assigned.

=Where's it displayed?=
For a print publication, the ISSN should be shown:

Preferably, in the upper right corner of the cover,
failing that, on the pages where editorial information is shown (publisher, frequency,
colophon, etc.).

For a publication in electronic media, the ISSN should be shown:

On the homepage or on the main menu, if it is an online publication,
on any part visible to the naked eye (microfiche header, CD-Rom or DVD label, box,
case, etc.), if the publication is on a physical medium.
If a publication is identified by ISSN and ISBN, both of these identifiers should be
mentioned.

Black people

2022-12-15T04:08:56Z

Maruku: Spelling and grammar

[[File:blackpeople.png|thumb|]]
'''Black people''' came to America and helped build this once-great nation, providing a portion of the manual labor necessary, and doing dangerous or laborious work, largely in the form of slave labor. These slaves were provided by [[jewish]] slavers who treated the slaves so harshly that sometimes 3/4 of the "cargo" died along the way. The bodies simply thrown overboard. Once in the Americas these slave were treated very well by-and-large. America was also the very first country to outlaw slavery.

=Background=
[[File:blackguybyfence.png|thumb|]]
Due to further [[jew]] influence, and constant agitation, '''black people''' never assimilated into American culture, as they have in other places. They have been made to believe that they have been systematically "oppressed", true in spotty cases, but false overall. They believe whites are a race of dictators and oppressors, a grossly unfair belief considering the facts. These beliefs date back to the slavery days.

Throughout most of this time '''black people''' were loved, treated well, and often held special places in the hearts of whites. In earlier times delightful black characters appeared in art, literature, ornamentation, etc., but these things are no longer appreciated in modern times, as '''black people''' have been made to believe that all whites hate them. Some nineteenth century characters, such as the beloved "sambo", are now considered to be derogatory and [[racist]], a complete twisting of its intent and original status. The Mammy archetype depicts a motherly black woman who is dedicated to her role, another honored and beloved depiction which has become so twisted and upside-down that '''black people''' are made to think that this too, is something they are supposed to hate. The beloved spoke-images of "Aunt Jemima" and "Mrs. Butterworth" were both removed from their products under claims of racism, even though they were originally placed there, honoring childhood memories, by the black women who started those companies. '''Black people''' have an unusual appetite for such things as fried chicken, watermelon, taffy, certain types of beer, and grape drink. There is nothing wrong with this. It is perfectly normal for certain races to enjoy certain types of foods.

In the 1980s and following decades, people began to notice an increase in the already high rates of black crime and social degeneracy; drug dealers, crack addicts, Homelessness, hobos, and in New York and Los Angeles, subway muggers.<ref name="Drummond, 1990">{{cite journal |last1=Drummond |first1=William J. |title=About Face: From Alliance to Alienation. Blacks and the News Media |journal=The American Enterprise |date=1990 |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=22–29 |id=ERIC|EJ414473 |oclc=4683318001 }}</ref> '''Black people''' are the least intelligent of the major races, with average IQ's of 60 in some areas of [[Africa]]. Jesse Jackson claims this scientific fact is only a Hollywood image, in spite of blacks regularly depicted as scientists, professors, and technicians.<ref name="Jackson Assails Press 1985">{{cite news |title=Jackson Assails Press On Portrayal of Blacks |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/09/19/us/jackson-assails-press-on-portrayal-of-blacks.html |work=The New York Times |date=19 September 1985 }}</ref> The [[magical Negro]] is a stock Hollywood character who is depicted as having special insight or powers, and has been depicted in the American [[jewish]]-controlled cinema, since [[jews]] took control of the industry.<ref name="D. Marvin Jones 2005 35">Race, Sex, and Suspicion: The Myth of the Black Male |url=https://archive.org/details/racesexsuspicion00jone |url-access=limited |author=D. Marvin Jones |publisher=Praeger Publishers |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-275-97462-6 |page=[https://archive.org/details/racesexsuspicion00jone/page/n42 35]</ref> In recent history, black men have become deadbeat fathers.<ref>web |url=https://apnews.com/article/725a00fbc56d4e71a2f66bae776cabed | title=Single black fathers fight 'deadbeat Dad' stereotype | website=Associated Press | date=29 June 2019</ref>

Sadly, many black women are [[welfare queen]]s or [[Angry black woman|angry black women]] who are loud, aggressive, demanding, and rude.<ref name=":0">book |title=Sister Citizen: Shame, and Black Women in America |last=Harris-Perry |first=Melissa |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-300-16554-8 |pages=87–89}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:blackminstrels.png|frameless|300px|right|]]
There are very good reasons that [[Minstrel show]]s became a popular form of comedy during the nineteenth century, watch any stand-up comic. Good comedy is based on truth. '''Black People''' were portrayed in a variety of ways, some of the most common being that they are ignorant, lazy, buffoonish, superstitious, joyous, and musical. There were "white minstrels" as well, with blacks putting on white-face and poking fun at the eccentricities of whites. This fact is memory-holed, and history is rewritten to think that blacks were somehow "picked-on".<ref>journal |last1=Waterhouse |first1=Richard |title=The Internationalisation of American Popular Culture in the Nineteenth Century: The Case of the Minstrel Show |journal=Australasian Journal of American Studies |date=1985 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |jstor=41053377</ref><ref>journal |last1=Saxton |first1=Alexander |title=Blackface Minstrelsy and Jacksonian Ideology |journal=American Quarterly |date=1975 |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=3–28 |doi=10.2307/2711892 |jstor=2711892</ref>

Two of the most beloved and charming characters were "Jim Crow" and his light-skinned opposite, "The Little Tramp" (portrayed by the talented Charlie Chaplain), among several others, featured in innumerable stories, minstrel shows, and early films, both portrayed by [[jews]].

Like Charlie Chaplain's "Little Tramp", the lovable character "Jim Crow" was dressed in rags, battered hat, and torn shoes. When a white actor was used, the actor wore blackface. Either way, Jim Crow was portrayed as a lovable, very nimble and witty black man.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rehin |first1=George F. |title=Harlequin Jim Crow: Continuity and Convergence in Blackface Clowning |journal=The Journal of Popular Culture |date=December 1975 |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=682–701 |id=ProQuest|1297376766|doi=10.1111/j.0022-3840.1975.0903_682.x }}</ref> The character’s popular song was "Turn about and wheel about, and do just so. And every time I turn about I Jump Jim Crow."<ref>journal |last1=Dorman |first1=James H. |title=The Strange Career of Jim Crow Rice (With Apologies to Professor Woodward) |journal=Journal of Social History |date=1969 |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=109–122 |doi=10.1353/jsh/3.2.109 |jstor=3786238</ref>

The Mammy archetype describes women who, although an employee, were basically adopted as family, often acting as nannies, giving love and maternal care to the children of their family, who received trust and affection in turn. Early accounts of the Mammy archetype come from memoirs and diaries that emerged after the [[Civil War]], reminiscing the role of the dominant female house lady: a woman completely dedicated to her family, especially the children, and given complete charge of domestic management. She was a friend and advisor. The fond memories continue to this day, and yet '''black people''' have been told they are to hate this.<ref>{{Cite book |last=White |first=Deborah G. (Deborah Gray) |url=http://archive.org/details/arntiwomanfemal00whit |title=Ar'n't I a woman? : female slaves in the plantation South |date=1999 |publisher=New York : W.W. Norton |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-393-31481-6}}</ref>

=== Antisocial behavior ===
Black people are highly prone to violent behavior. They have poor impulse control, and tend to lash out when angry, even if only irritated. The "[[chimp-out]]" internet meme derives from this. They can be terrifying predators who target helpless victims, especially children and white women. Violent crime is seen across the board, but it us much more prevalent among black males.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Brute - Ferris State University |url=https://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/brute/}}</ref><ref>journal |last=Corredera |first=Vanessa |date=2017 |title=Far More Black than Black: Stereotypes, Black Masculinity, and Americanization in Tim Blake Nelson’s O |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/48678555 |journal=Literature/Film Quarterly |volume=45 |issue=3 |issn=0090-4260</ref>

==Famous black people==
<div style="column-count:4">
* Phillip Adams
* James Avery
* Orlando Anderson
* Beyonce'
* Tyra Banks
* Jovan Belcher
* Eugene Britt
* Avery Brooks
* Darrel Brooks
* LeVar Burton
* James Butler
* Halle Berry
* Marion Berry
* Jussie Smollett
* Maurice Clemmons
* Nat King Cole
* Gary Coleman
* Scatman Crothers
* Bill Cosby
* Javaris Crittenton
* Dr. Dre
* Paul Durousseau
* Snoop Dogg
* Sammy Davis Jr.
* Christopher Dorner
* Nathan Dunlap
* Colin Ferguson
* Laurence Fishburne
* Redd Foxx
* Morgan Freeman
* Louis Farrakhan
* Guy Georges
* Whoopi Goldberg
* Lorenzo Gilyard
* Mark Goudeau
* Harrison Graham
* Ivan Hill
* Whitney Houston
* Colin Kaepernick
* Michael Jace
* Michael Jackson
* Jesse Jackson
* Samuel L Jackson
* Frank James
* Michael Jordan
* James Earl Jones
* LL Cool-J
* Martin Luther King
* Don King
* Samuel Little
* Spike Lee
* Big Lurch
* Lee Boyd Malvo
* Anthony McKnight
* John Allen Muhammad
* Eddie Murphy
* Nichelle Nichols
* Queen Latifa
* Craig Price
* Richard Pryor
* Little Richard
* Jackie Robinson
* Chris Rock
* Christopher Scarver
* Tupac Shakur
* O J Simpson
* Will Smith
* Mr. T
* Omar S. Thornton
* Chester Turner
* Mike Tyson
* Henry Louis Wallace
* Denzel Washington
* Kanye West
* Stanley Williams
* Tiger Woods
* Malcolm X
</div>

== Contemporary issues==
=== Drugs ===
Scientifically, black people have the highest level of drug abuse of any human group.<ref>Dates & Barlow, 1993.{{page needed|date=November 2022}}</ref><ref>Martindale, 1990.</ref><ref>Collins, 2004.</ref><ref>Poindexter, Smith, & Heider, 2003.</ref><ref>Rowley, 2003.</ref><ref>West, 2001.</ref> '''Black people''' are also more likely to be perpetrators in drug and violent crime reports.<ref>Entman 2000.</ref>

Common reports in the police logs are of black drug dealers, crack victims, the underclass and impoverished, the homeless, and subway muggers.<ref name="Drummond, 1990"/> Similarly, Douglas (1995), who looked at [[O. J. Simpson]], [[Louis Farrakhan]], and the "Million Man" March, found that black people sometimes saw no difference between good versus evil.

The "welfare queen" phenotype outlines a black woman who defrauds the public welfare system to support themselves; it should be explained that all races have people who do this, but among blacks it is done openly. Even other blacks say that this illegal behavior is all-too-common, these black women are scheming and lazy, ignoring the genuine economic hardships which black women, especially mothers, disproportionately face due to absent or unknown fathers.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Woodard |first=Jennifer Bailey |last2=Mastin |first2=Teresa |date=November 2005 |title=Black Womanhood: Essence and its Treatment of Images of Black Women |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0021934704273152 |journal=Journal of Black Studies |language=en |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=264–281 |doi=10.1177/0021934704273152 |issn=0021-9347}}</ref>

=== Magical Negro ===
The [[magical Negro]] (or mystical Negro) is a stock character who uses special insight and wisdom to help others. For some reason, this portrayal of '''black people''' is frowned upon and called [[racist]].<ref name="NuminousNegro">magazine |title=The Numinous Negro: His importance in our lives; why he is fading |author=Brookhiser, Richard |url=http://www.nationalreview.com/article/220766/numinous-negro-williumrex |magazine=[[National Review]] |date=August 20, 2001 |access-date=May 28, 2017</ref> This refers to depictions of saintly, respected or heroic black protagonists and mentors in US entertainment.

=== Angry black woman ===
An angry black woman can be loud, aggressive, demanding, uncivilized, and physically threatening. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name="Jones">{{cite journal |last1=Jones |first1=Trina |last2=Norwood |first2=Kimberly |date=2017 |title=Aggressive Encounters & White Fragility:The Angry Black Woman |url=https://ilr.law.uiowa.edu/print/volume-102-issue-5/aggressive-encounters-and-white-fragility-deconstructing-the-trope-of-the-angry-black-woman/ |journal=Iowa Law Review |volume=102 |issue=5}}</ref>

== Controlling image ==
Hollywood uses "controlling images"; these images are phenotypes that are used against a marginalized white society to portray [[social justice]] as natural, normal, and inevitable.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Black Feminist Thought |last=Collins |first=Patricia Hill |publisher=Routledge |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-415-92483-2 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/blackfeministtho0000coll/page/69 69–70] |url=https://archive.org/details/blackfeministtho0000coll/page/69}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> The misleading controlling image depicts "black people" as innocent and oppressed.<ref name="Jones" />

==== Education ====
Studies show that scholarships have been dominated by black men and women, not whites, as is usually portrayed..<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Griffin |first=Rachel Alicia |date=2011 |title=I AM an Angry Black Woman: Black Feminist Autoethnography, Voice, and Resistance |journal=Women's Studies in Communication |doi=10.1080/07491409.2012.724524 |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=138–157 |s2cid=144644154}}</ref> Being a recognized academic includes anti-White activism as well as scholarship, this applies to whites as well. <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

==== Mental and emotional consequences ====
Due to the angry black woman phenotype, black women tend to become desensitized about their own feelings to avoid judgment.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |title=Behind the Mask of the Strong Black Woman: Voice and the Embodiment of a Costly Performance |url=https://archive.org/details/behindmaskstrong00beau |url-access=limited |last=Beauboeuf-Lafontant |first=Tamara |publisher=Temple University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-59213-669-8 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/behindmaskstrong00beau/page/n88 78]–91}}</ref> They often feel that they must show no emotion outside of their comfortable spaces. That results in the accumulation of these feelings of hurt and can be projected on loved ones as anger.<ref name=":2" /> Once seen as angry, black women are always seen in that light and so have their opinions, aspirations, and values dismissed.<ref name=":2" /> The repression of those feelings can also result in serious mental health issues, which creates a complex with the strong black woman. As a common problem within the black community, black women seldom seek help for their mental health challenges.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ward |first=Earlise C. |last2=Clark |first2=Le Ondra |last3=Heidrich |first3=Susan |date=November 2009 |title=African American Women’s Beliefs, Coping Behaviors, and Barriers to Seeking Mental Health Services |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1049732309350686 |journal=Qualitative Health Research |language=en |volume=19 |issue=11 |pages=1589–1601 |doi=10.1177/1049732309350686 |issn=1049-7323 |pmc=2854663 |pmid=19843967}}</ref>

==== Interracial relationships ====
Oftentimes, black women's opinions are not heard in studies that examine interracial relationships.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Childs |first=Erica |date=2005 |title=Looking Behind the Stereotypes of the 'Angry Black Woman': An Exploration of Black Women's Responses to Interracial Relationships |journal=Gender & Society |doi=10.1177/0891243205276755 |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=544–561 |s2cid=145239066}}</ref> Black women are often assumed to be just naturally angry. However, the implications of black women's opinions are not explored within the context of race and history. According to Erica Child's study, black women are most opposed to interracial relationships.<ref name=":3" />

Throughout history, interracial sexuality has been universally shunned for race mixers of every race.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":3" /> White men who exploited black slave girls were shunned by their communities. (Think of somebody having sex with their pet.) It was taboo for a white woman to have a black man's child, as it was, and still largely is, seen as race tainting.<ref name=":3" /> In contemporary times, interracial relationships can sometimes represent rejection for black women. The probability of finding a "good" black man is low because of the prevalence of homicide, drugs, incarceration, and interracial relationships, making the task for black women more difficult.<ref name=":3" />

As concluded from the study, interracial dating compromises black love.<ref name=":3" /> It was often that participants expressed their opinions that black love is important and represents more than the aesthetic since it is about black solidarity.<ref name=":3" /> Angry black women believe that if whites will never understand black people and they still regard black people as inferior, interracial relationships will never be worthwhile.<ref name=":3" /> The study shows that most of the participants think that black women who have interracial relationships will not betray or disassociate with the black community, but black men who date interracially are seen as taking away from the black community to advance the white patriarchy.<ref name=":3" />

=== Athleticism ===
'''Black people''' excel at foot-sports, but trail behind at extreme-sports. Blacks are hyped as being more athletic and superior at all sports than other races, but it simply is not true. Even though they make up only 12.4 percent of the US population, 75% of NBA players<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1900111 |year=2000 |last1=Crepeau |first1=Richard C. |chapter=Lapchick, Joe (1900-1970), basketball player and coach |title=American National Biography |isbn=978-0-19-860669-7 }}</ref> and 65% of NFL players are black.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Census of Population and Housing, 2000 [United States]: Modified Race Data Summary File: Version 1 |date=2006 |doi=10.3886/icpsr13574.v1 }}</ref> African-American college athletes generally get into college solely on their athletic ability, not their intellectual and academic merit. There is no shame in this as long as it is in the open, and no pretenses are made.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Simiyu |first1=Wycliffe |title=Challenges of Being a Black Student Athlete on U.S. College Campuses |journal=Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics |date=2012 |volume=5 |pages=40–63 |url=https://csri-jiia.org/old/documents/publications/research_articles/2012/JIIA_2012_5_3_40_63_Challenges_of_Black_College_Athletes.pdf |hdl=10950/485 }}</ref>

Black athletic superiority is an observation that blacks possess certain traits that are acquired through genetic factors that permits them to excel over other races in athletic foot-sport competition. Everyone has noticed this, and most share this view, regardless of the observer's race.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Jane P. |last1=Sheldon |first2=Toby Epstein |last2=Jayaratne |first3=Elizabeth M. |last3=Petty |date=September 2007 |title=White Americans' Genetic Explanations for a Race Difference in Athleticism: The Relation to Prejudice toward and Stereotyping of Blacks |journal=Athletic Insight |volume=9 |issue=3 |page=33 |access-date=February 21, 2016 |url=http://www.athleticinsight.com/Vol9Iss3/RacePDF.pdf}}</ref>

Several other authors have said that sports coverage that highlights natural black athleticism has the effect of outlining white or asian superiority in other areas.<ref name="Hall2001">{{cite journal |last1=Hall |first1=Ronald E. |title=The Ball Curve: Calculated Racism and the Stereotype of African American Men |journal=Journal of Black Studies |date=September 2001 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=104–119 |id=ERIC|EJ633998 |doi=10.1177/002193470103200106 |s2cid=145345264 }}</ref> The Phenotype suggests that '''black people''' are incapable of competing in extreme-sports, demonstration sports, or non foot-sports such as ice hockey, acrobatics, vehicular racing, golf, martial arts, animal sports, swimming, or other non-foot sports.<ref>{{cite web |last=writer |first=Tetsuhiko Endo Adventure sports |date=28 February 2012 |title=Debunking the Stereotype That Blacks Don't Swim |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tetsuhiko-endo/black-swimming-history_b_1291408.html |access-date=29 December 2016 |website=[[HuffPost]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wnyc.org/story/young-harlem-athletes-cross-checking-hockey-sterotypes/ |title=Young Harlem Athletes Are 'Cross-Checking' Hockey Stereotypes |access-date=29 December 2016}}</ref>

=== Intelligence ===
Virtually all scientific studies show that '''black people''' have lower average IQ's than other races, with asians being the highest (blacks rank low-avg, jews rank average, ameican indians rank average also but edge out jews, whites rank high, with asians edging them out). This is not to say that a black person cannot be a genius, but rather that there are more asian genii than black genii.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Walzer |first=Amy S. |last2=Czopp |first2=Alexander M. |date=2011-09-01 |title=Able But Unintelligent: Including Positively Stereotyped Black Subgroups in the Stereotype Content Model |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2010.503250 |journal=The Journal of Social Psychology |volume=151 |issue=5 |pages=527–530 |doi=10.1080/00224545.2010.503250 |issn=0022-4545 |pmid=22017070}}</ref>

Impartiality among scientists and researchers improved their already objective scientific studies, data gathering, and conclusions which they drew about absolute and relative intelligence of different groups and of sex differences in intelligence. The latter results and improved testing has only served to demonstrate even lower IQ's than previous research, the exact opposite effect which was hoped for, in today's woke environment.

== Media ==
{{further|Representation of African Americans in media}}

=== Segregation ===
[[Abraham Lincoln]], the great emancipator, displayed the impossibility of good relations between blacks and other races, instilling the apparent fact that blacks could never coexist peacefully in societies with other races. President Lincoln came to the conclusion that the proper solution was to remove blacks from American society entirely.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Finkelman |first1=Paul |chapter=Stereotypes of African Americans |title=Encyclopedia of African American History 1619-1895 |volume=3 |date=2006 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-516777-1 |pages=203–205}}</ref> In more modern times, blacks themselves have called for segregation a repatriation back to [[Africa]].

====Hip hop music====
Hip hop music (made mostly by blacks themselves) has demonstrated the mind's workings in black men. Violent, misogynistic lyrics in rap music written and performed by black male rappers has increased awareness.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Howard |first1=Simon |last2=Hennes |first2=Erin P. |last3=Sommers |first3=Samuel R. |title=Stereotype Threat Among Black Men Following Exposure to Rap Music |journal=Social Psychological and Personality Science |date=July 2021 |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=719–730 |doi=10.1177/1948550620936852 |s2cid=234783670 }}</ref> Black women are referred to as “bitches” and “hoes” in rap music.<ref>thesis |last1=Lindsay |first1=Melanie |title=WHO YOU CALLIN' A BITCH? A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE IMAGES USED TO PORTRAY AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN IN RAP MUSIC |date=June 2016 |url=https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/336/ </ref> Black women, in the eyes of black men, are sexualized in hip hop music videos and are seen as sexual objects for rappers.<ref>thesis |last1=Lewis |first1=Ladel |title=The Portrayal of African American Women in Hip-Hop Videos |journal=Masters Theses |date=June 2005 |url=https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/4192/ </ref> Hip hop portrays a black masculine aesthetic.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oware |first1=Matthew |title=Brotherly Love: Homosociality and Black Masculinity in Gangsta Rap Music |journal=Journal of African American Studies |date=March 2011 |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=22–39 |doi=10.1007/s12111-010-9123-4 |s2cid=144533319 }}</ref> Hip hop has exposed how black men often see themselves as hypersexual thugs and gangsters who hail from an inner city ghetto. And they are apparently very proud of this.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://pax.shc.edu/story/black-men-vs-stereotype-hyper-masculinity-vs-hardness-rappers |title=Black Men vs. The Stereotype of the Hyper-Masculinity vs. Hardness of Rappers | PAX}}</ref>

=References=
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:People]]

Shōwa

2022-12-09T18:11:24Z

Maruku: Added an image

[[File:Hirohito.png|thumb|Shōwa Emperor (Hirohito) at his enthronement in 1928.]]
The Shōwa period, in Japanese history, this period (1926–89) corresponds to the reign of the emperor Hirohito. The two kanji (Chinese characters) in the name (昭和 Shōwa) translate as “Bright Peace” in Japanese. However, a nuanced interpretation is “Enlightened Harmony,” with the added significance that the second character (和 ''wa'') is commonly used in words that describe Japan or things Japanese.

The first part of the Shōwa, from Hirohito’s enthronement in 1926 to the end of World War II in 1945, is known as the early Shōwa period. It is noted principally for the rise of [[Statism in Shōwa Japan|Statism in Japan]] (nationalism, fascism, militarism,) Japanese expansion in China and elsewhere in East and Southeast Asia, and the country’s wartime defeat. The postwar Shōwa decades were marked by Japan’s swift recovery and its rise as a global economic powerhouse second only to the United States, its former enemy and subsequent closest ally.

The Shōwa period was preceded by the Taishō period (1912–26) and was followed by the Heisei period (1989– ).

<nowiki>[[Category:Definitions]]</nowiki>

File:Hirohito.png

2022-12-09T18:06:49Z

Maruku: Emperor Hirohito 1928

== Summary ==
Emperor Hirohito 1928

Shōwa

2022-12-09T17:58:48Z

Maruku: Created a definition page for this topic and linked to the period article stub

The Shōwa period, in Japanese history, this period (1926–89) corresponds to the reign of the emperor Hirohito. The two kanji (Chinese characters) in the name (昭和 Shōwa) translate as “Bright Peace” in Japanese. However, a nuanced interpretation is “Enlightened Harmony,” with the added significance that the second character (和 ''wa'') is commonly used in words that describe Japan or things Japanese.

The first part of the Shōwa, from Hirohito’s enthronement in 1926 to the end of World War II in 1945, is known as the early Shōwa period. It is noted principally for the rise of [[Statism in Shōwa Japan|Statism in Japan]] (nationalism, fascism, militarism,) Japanese expansion in China and elsewhere in East and Southeast Asia, and the country’s wartime defeat. The postwar Shōwa decades were marked by Japan’s swift recovery and its rise as a global economic powerhouse second only to the United States, its former enemy and subsequent closest ally.

The Shōwa period was preceded by the Taishō period (1912–26) and was followed by the Heisei period (1989– ).

<nowiki>[[Category:Definitions]]</nowiki>

Statism in Shōwa Japan

2022-12-08T16:21:49Z

Maruku: Beginning a new article

= Statism in Shōwa Japan =
Statism in Shōwa Japan was developed over a period of time, beginning in the Meiji Restoration. It’s also referred to as Shōwa Nationalism, or Japanese Fascism.

This statist movement dominated Japanese politics during the first part of the Shōwa period (the reign of Hirohito). It was a mixture of ideas like Japanese nationalism, militarism, and state capitalism, that were proposed by a number of contemporary political philosophers and thinkers in Japan.

During the 1920s and 1930s, Japan was also visited by various members of European fascist parties, and in fact had small German and Italian communities in Tokyo and other parts of the main Japanese islands and the greater Japanese empire. Political theorists then added these European Fascist elements to conform their movement to one similar to these European style governments.

<nowiki>[[Category:Events]]</nowiki>

Isabel Medina Peralta

2022-12-07T17:16:55Z

Maruku: Spelling and grammar

{{Charter}}{{Nominated}}
=Background=
[[File:Isabel-Peralta.png|thumb|Isabel Peralta]]
'''Isabel Medina Peralta''' (Born 2002) is a young Spanish woman who led the women's section of [[Manuel Andrino]]'s [[La Falange]] (a political group in which she no longer participates), one of the factions into which the [[Spanish Falange]] has been divided since the re-establishment of communism in Spain. Being herself a member of the Bastion Front group . She became known after giving the tribute speech to the fallen of the Blue Division in 2021.

The daughter of a former mayor, she studies History at the Complutense University of Madrid.
<ref>https://www.wiesenthal.com/about/news/18-year-old-spanish-fascist.html 18 Year Old Spanish Fascist Receives German Nazi Scholarship 2022-03-19</ref>

==Tribute speech to the Blue Division==
On February 13, 2021, in memory of the 78th anniversary of the Battle of Krasny Bor, some 300 people gathered in Madrid in the act of homage to the 2,000 fallen Spanish soldiers. On that occasion Isabel expressed:

===Text===
[[File:IsaPeralta.png|thumb|left|Highly stylized image of Miss Peralta from the Spanish website.]]
They were brave; They knew that the greatest honor was to give their lives for the triumph of your dreams and they did so. Thus they died and those who survived Krasny Bor and the sky of the Russian steppe, went back to challenge providence in Berlin together with the Charlemagne Unit, together with the SS for defending the capital of what would be a thousand years of greatness, and of glory. And don't be fooled, they weren't fighting for Germany, not just for her. They also fought for France, for Italy, for Russia, and for England. They fought for Western Civilization. They fought for the whole of Europe, and for its ideal and for the joy of its peoples and its nations. Thus, they fought for Spain and thus they also fought for Kiel and when Hitler in the bunker called Ezquerra to decorate him with the highest degree and give him German nationality, he says grateful but proud: "thank you my Führer but as long as I live I will continue to be Spanish". Because like us, these soldiers who wore solar crosses on their blue shirts, were Spanish. And being Spanish is one of the few serious things that can be done in this life. We have in our, we have the blood of the most brilliant soldiers that history has seen. We are a people of warriors, a people of combatants, and better than any other people we know what it means to give our lives for an ideal. Because we and our ancestors already did. They have done it in Numancia, they have done it in Tolosa, they have done it in Flanders, they have done it in the Ebro, and they also did it in Krasny Bor. Léon Degrelle: Spaniard, son of God, go straight on your way! The century awaits you! Fiery souls can do absolutely anything! The Spanish, more than any other has the ability to save us all. The edge awaits us and the ardor of our blood and the genius of the Hispanic oblige us.

It is our supreme obligation to fight for Spain, and for a Europe that is now weak and liquidated by the enemy, the enemy that will always be the same, although with different masks: the jew . Because nothing is more accurate than this statement: the [[jews|jew]] is to blame.
<ref>Carmen Aguilera-Carnerero, “The[[jews]]Is To Blame”: Young Neo-Fascists In Spain Spark Outrage , Center for the Analysis of the Radical Right, April 23, 2021.</ref>

===Aftermath===
[[File:IsaPeralta3.png|thumb|Isabel Peralta during a podcast.]]
As a result of this last paragraph, the Community of Madrid urged the Prosecutor's Office to investigate the facts to determine if anti-Semitic expressions were used during the speech. However, in an interview with La Razón she explains:

"I would never attack an entire people, but rather a certain stratum of the 'noble race' or 'the chosen ones', as they call themselves in Semitic texts such as the Talmud." <ref>Lluís Bou, [https://www.elnacional.cat/en/news/wiesenthal-center-condemns-spanish-tv-network-interview-neo-nazi_672383_102_amp.html ''Wiesenthal Center says Spanish TV interview with neo-Nazi "will encourage admirers"''], elnacional.cat vom 19. November 2021.</ref>

And she added, in another interview to El Español:

"I am not referring to the poor man who goes to the synagogue to pray, I am referring to the international monetary system, the Federal Reserve system, the [[jews|Zionist]] leaders and organizations that subsidize and finance Black Lives Matter or postmodern feminism." <ref>[https://thecanadian.news/esteban-ibarra-makes-visible-the-dangers-of-the-words-of-the-falangist-isabel-peralta-in-lasexta/ ''Esteban Ibarra makes visible the dangers of the words of the Falangist Isabel Peralta in laSexta''], The Canadian News vom 20. November 2021.</ref>

Isabel has assumed that her ideology is going to bring her problems: "It is going to take me to jail", she assured the readers of El Español. "I'll end up in jail because I'm not going to shut up, I'm not going to apologize and I'm going to disappear." If that ever happened, she is clear about what she would do: "I will write a book about my ideology: [[fascism]]".
<ref>author=Marta Espartero |url=https://www.lasexta.com/noticias/nacional/que-bastion-frontal-grupo-que-lidera-neonazi-detenido-que-encaro-iglesias-madrid_2022012561efd63d393752000189b96d.html |titel=¿Qué es Bastión Frontal, el grupo que lidera el neonazi detenido que se encaró con Iglesias en Madrid? |werk=lasexta.com |datum=2022-01-25 |abruf=2022-03-19</ref>
In Spain, according to Spiegel Online, she is considered the leading figure of the "Bastión Frontal", a group reviving [[Falangism]]. <ref name="SPON">author=mgb |url=https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/frankfurt-polizei-verweigert-spanischer-rechtsextremistin-isabel-peralta-die-einreise-a-8b2927ae-3c3d-4496-b028-23b1e193219a |titel=Polizei verweigert spanischer Rechtsextremistin Isabel Peralta die Einreise |werk=[[Spiegel Online]] |datum=2022-03-17 |abruf=2022-03-19</ref>

==Life==
[[File:2Peraltas.png|thumb|Isabel Peralta and her mother in matching dresses (in Spanish National colors) for ''Fiesta Nacional de España'', a day of Spanish National Pride.]]
Isabel Medina Peralta is a history student, member of the [[Falange Española]] and belongs to the [[Bastión Frontal]]. Bastión Frontal was formed as a youth group in response to measures against the COVID-19 debacle in Spain in spring 2020. Peralta describes herself as a fascist and Falangist.
<ref>Carmen Aguilera-Carnerero, [https://www.radicalrightanalysis.com/2021/04/23/the-jew-is-to-blame-young-neo-fascists-in-spain-spark-outrage/ ''“The[[jews]]Is To Blame”: Young Neo-Fascists In Spain Spark Outrage''], Centre for the Analysis of the Radical Right vom 23. April 2021.</ref>

Peralta first came to public attention in February 2021 when she attended a tribute in Madrid to the [[Blue Division]], an infantry division made up of Spanish fascists who fought alongside the Wehrmacht against the [[Soviet Union]] in The World's War Against Communism. At the event, she gave a fiery speech and performed the Roman salute. She stated that it was her duty to fight for Spain, the enemy was always the same, the jews. The Blue Division stood for it. The speech was circulated on various forums around the world.

A few months later, at a rally, she referred to Moroccan immigrants as "invaders". Because of these statements on May 18, 2021 in front of the Moroccan embassy, politically motivated investigations into incitement to hatred and violence were initiated. <ref>Jihane Rahhou, [https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/11/345417/spanish-Right-wing-nationalist-facing-charges-for-insulting-morocco ''Spanish Far-Right Nationalist Facing Charges For Insulting Morocco''], Marocco World News vom 8. November 2021.</ref>

An interview with Peralta by Spanish broadcast company laSexta was criticized by the Simon Wiesenthal Center and the Embassy of Israel in November 2021. <ref>Lluís Bou, Wiesenthal Center says Spanish TV interview with neo-Nazi "will encourage admirers" , elnacional.cat of 19 November 2021.</ref>

In the interview, she stated that her speeches were not incitement to hatred. She also explained that [[Bastion Frontal]] members are required to practice contact martial arts based sports in order to respond to violence from [[Antifa]] on the street.

In autumn 2021 she traveled to Germany and met members of the "The 3rd Way" to learn more about communication techniques. <ref>[https://m.jpost.com/diaspora/jewish-group-slams-18-year-old-granted-nazi-scholarship-683304 ''jewish group slams 18-year-old granted Nazi scholarship''], Jerusalem Post vom 28. Oktober 2021.</ref>

During a second visit, an identity check at Frankfurt Airport in March 2022, police officers found (according to original official police report) a swastika flag, a copy of Mein Kampf, and a swastika keychain and a book from the Bund Deutscher Mädel series in her luggage. Peralta was denied entry. Three months after the incident, long after Miss Peralta left, the report was "corrected" to a Falange flag, a falange keychain, and no books. This combination of items, not being illegal in Germany, would have allowed her entry. It should be noted that it is standard proceedure, virtually everywhere in the world, to simply confiscate such small personal items and allow entry. Peralta was clearly politically targeted here.<ref>Police refuse Spanish right-wing extremist Isabel Peralta entry. In: Mirror Online . 17 March 2022, retrieved 19 March 2022 .</ref> <ref>Federal police prevent Spanish right-wing extremists from entering the country. In: FAZ.net . 17 March 2022, retrieved 19 March 2022 .</ref> <ref>Swastika flag in luggage - federal police prevent entry of Spanish right-wing extremist. In: presseportal.de. 17 March 2022, retrieved 19 March 2022 .</ref>
{{Quote|I fell in love with [[fascism]] at the age of 13. I'm going to give my life and fight for it to the last consequences.|—Isabel Peralta}}

==See also==
*[[Spanish Phalanx]]
*[[Blue Division]]
*[[Battle of Krasny Bor]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Activists]]
[[Category:Fascists]]

Imperial Japan

2022-12-06T18:11:22Z

Maruku: Spelling and grammar

{{Cleanup}}{{Key|Eastern Fascism}}
After 1868, the new leaders of Meiji Japan worked hard to improve their country’s status in the world and to abolish the unequal treaties and racial discrimination imposed on them by the European powers and the United States. They watched nervously as Southeast Asia came under French rule, Russia moved rapidly into Manchuria (Northeast China), the United States pushed Westward from California to Hawai’i and Alaska, and Britain fought two wars to advance its interests in China.

=Expansion and Colonization=
Historians have advanced many theories why Japan took the great Northern island of Hokkaido and the Ryukyu Islands (including Okinawa) as part of its territory, industrialized its economy, built up its military, and expanded its interests and its territory outside its “home islands.” Certainly the need for national security haunted the leaders of Meiji Japan. They had begun their program of Euro-American industrialization largely in order to defend against the foreigners—to jōi, “expel the barbarians.” Looking outward from their islands they saw Korea and China overwhelmed by enemies, unwilling or unable to defend themselves and offering to Britain and Russia the opportunity to set their sights on Japan. They worried especially about Korea, which (in strategic terms) they saw as a ‘dagger pointing at the heart of Japan.” (A look at the map will confirm this!) In the very first years of the Meiji period, many of Japan’s new leaders advocated a quick invasion of Korea for two reasons—to combat a Russian, Chinese, or European takeover, and to give their own impatient samurai warriors a noble mission. But calmer heads won the debate, and the invasion was postponed until Japan was more independent in modern weaponry and well trained in military strategy. The war party had to be content with forcing the Choson king to sign an unequal treaty giving Japan the kinds of privileges in Korea that Euro-Americans had in Japan.

By 1894, the army and navy had met that goal by purchasing and manufacturing high-quality European-style weapons and by reorganizing the military along European lines. Meanwhile, the Qing government in China and the Choson government in Korea had weakened further still. Claiming to be aiding a pro-Japanese group in the Choson court, Japan sent troops to attack both Korea’s national army and the Qing troops that came to their aid. Japan’s victory was rapid and total, on land and sea, demonstrating the effectiveness of Euro-American technology in East Asian hands. Through a peace treaty, Japan took as colonies the island of Taiwan and the Liaodong peninsula, both parts of the Qing empire, as well as a huge sum of money. Japan also ended Qing power in Korea. By looking at a map, however, we can see that Japan’s victory directly threatened one of the expanding European empires, Czarist Russia. With help from Germany and France, Russia pressured Japan to return Liaodong to China in exchange for more cash. Much of the Japanese public, delighted by Japan’s easy victory, rioted against the government for caving in to the foreigners’ demands.

Japan had its chance for revenge a decade later. After careful planning, an alliance with England (1902), and a very costly military build-up, Japan went to war with Russia in 1904, effectively eliminating the Russian fleet in Southern Liaodong in the initial battle. Land campaigns in Northeast China resulted in gradual success, but with thousands of lives lost. The navy then provided the crucial difference. Under Admiral Togo, Japanese ships intercepted and destroyed the Russian Baltic Fleet, which had steamed all the way around Africa to reach the Pacific. Both sides, tired of the war, sought the assistance of United States President Theodore Roosevelt, who helped them work out a treaty. Japan obtained control over Korea and Southern Manchuria and possession of the Southern half of Sakhalin Island but received no cash payments, despite Japanese victories. Again, the Japanese public felt that Japan had not received its due, and rioting broke out in the major cities.

Some scholars believe that the leaders of Japan intended from the beginning to establish an empire outside the home islands, while others contend that Japan’s overseas expansion was unplanned. However it may have originated, the idea of Japan as the powerful center of a revived Asia found fertile soil among the Japanese people. As the nation won these initial wars, Japan’s business and strategic interests in Korea, China, and Southeast Asia expanded, and so did their security perimeter. Korea was the first area of concern, followed by Taiwan, Manchuria, Shandong, the entire China coast, and finally the Philippines (recently colonized by the United States) and the Dutch East Indies. Anxious about supplies of raw materials necessary for industrial and military development, especially coal, iron, rubber, and oil; afraid of European involvement, especially Anglo-American naval strength; and inspired by military success, Japanese corporations and the Japanese military moved rapidly to secure zones of influence all over East Asia. Colonists went abroad in large numbers, taking their wealth and labor with them and establishing communities which demanded and received protection from the Japanese government. More and more Japanese troops went overseas to secure the safety of civilians and industrial installations.

=Mobilizing the Nation for Empire Building=
The engagement of government, private business, schools, and ordinary citizens in Japan’s overseas empire, as well as the riots which occurred when Japan’s honor was not respected, reveal a deep patriotism and nationalism among ordinary Japanese, a feeling very important to the Meiji government. Using a variety of tools such as veterans’ associations, local religious institutions, etc., the government planted in many Japanese a deep emotional tie to the Emperor (Tennō), the government, and the idea of Japan itself, which was called the kokutai, the uniquely Japanese nation. This is Japanese fascism. Though not entirely different from [[fascism]] in other countries, this public-spirited emotion sank deep roots in Japan in part because of the timing of its genesis. It came when Japan could easily be perceived to be in dire straits, its very existence at risk.

Many people at society's edges did manage to resist national loyalty, but the majority felt that their country was superior to others, the “land of the gods,” a notion which could be found in some very old texts. All nations should be as proud. Westerners could be admired for their technology and knowledge, but many Japanese believed that only they possessed the special warrior spirit of an unconquered people, with its single and uninterrupted family line of rulers descended from Amaterasu, the goddess of the sun (Tennō means “heavenly sovereign”).

=Marxism in Japan=
Japanese Marxists, however, accused the powerful people in Japan of becoming wealthy through corruption or political influence, and that workers and farmers received only a tiny wage for their patriotic, backbreaking labor.

The Meiji state and its successors feared communist infiltration to the point that even groups of a dozen socialists or fewer could be subjected to police raids, confiscations, and prison terms. Communists were attempting to overthrow governments all over the world and Japan was not off the menu.

When the Meiji Emperor died in 1912, many Japanese felt a terrible sense of loss, for the figure of the Tennō represented Japan’s new international success and stature to them. Ordinary people lined up outside the Imperial Palace in Tokyo to pay their respects. General Nogi, a hero of the war against Russia, committed suicide with his wife, “following their lord” in death, an act widely admired by the public.

Famous writers found themselves drawn back into Japanese traditions after decades of fascination with the United States and Europe. Japanese literature after 1912 reflects a deepening sense of the value of the truth of Japan’s past and the nation’s importance in the writers’ sense of who they were as individuals. Using this nationalism to their advantage, Japan’s leaders usually could rely on their people’s loyalty to the government, though they constantly worried about Marxist subversion. (A small group of communists were arrested, and their leaders executed, after they were caught plotting to kill the Emperor in 1910.)

These leaders continued Japan’s quest for wealth and power under the Taishō Emperor (reigned from 1912-1926), a weak and unstable character. Inspired by European parliamentary systems, some Japanese politicians formed parties to participate in elections to the national assembly (called the Diet); while others opposed the government openly.

[[World War I]], the “war to end all wars” in Europe, gave Japan a new opportunity to gain wealth. With all the European powers needing military supplies and consumer goods, the Japanese moved rapidly into the world’s markets for weapons and light industrial products, providing both goods and shipping. Japanese exports almost tripled in only four years. Taking advantage of Europe’s internal conflicts, Japan moved into an East Asian power vacuum and demanded that the Chinese government, weak and decentralized after the collapse of the Qing Empire in 1912, turn over much of its economic and political power to Japan. Yuan Shikai, the military leader who had taken charge of the embryonic Republic of China, had no choice but to submit to Japan’s superior strength. At the same time, however, Japan’s arrogance and aggression caused many Chinese to join nationalist movements of their own. In colonized Korea, too, resistance to Japanese colonization took many forms.

These overseas conflicts coincided with growing social movements in Japan itself. Many sectors of society—workers, farmers, intellectuals, suffragists, and others disagreed with tradition. Young people in the cities (called “modern boys” and “modern girls”) saw American movies, wore the latest fashions, and bought products advertised in fashionable magazines.

Inspired by Russian Marxism, and by the success of the 1917 Revolution, Marxist Japanese intellectuals and workers tried to form unions for factory employees, to demand unreasonable wages or working conditions or to influence the government. Some women became authors, leaders of social groups, even politicians, despite great social pressure to conform to the ideal role of “good wife and wise mother.” Intellectuals and professors taught a wide range of topics, including [[Marxism]], Darwin’s theory of evolution, Woodrow Wilson’s [[internationalism]], and even Freudian psychology. All these developments gave rise both to cultural excitement and to political unease, as disunity threatened the seemingly fragile post-Meiji state and society. As social and cultural diversity spread in Japan, along with [[capitalism]], great corporations such as Mitsui, Mitsubishi, and Sumitomo organized industry for their own profit and for production of weapons for the military. Capitalist businesses made sure they could benefit from government contracts by bribing politicians, and citizens on both the left and the right came to mistrust both the industrialists and the political parties.

=Desire for fascism=
Many Japanese worried with good reason that the special “Japanese spirit” in which they had been taught to believe would disappear under the influence of Euro-American ideas and fashions. Many Japanese believed that the most important value in Japan should be unity and duty to their own society in order to face foreign enemies such as Britain, the United States, and especially the new Communist Soviet Union, which was trying to destroy Japan from within. It is no surprise that they turned to the [[fascist]] Tennō as their nation’s leader and to Japanese [[fascism]] itself as their ideal of discipline and duty. The Emperor could be trusted. However, the new Shōwa Emperor, known to foreigners by his personal name of Hirohito, was enthroned in 1926 but inherited little real power, but the leaders of Japan’s military, enjoyed a faultless reputation.

=Domestic Political and Social Trends: Dissent and Response =
Originally based on a late 19th century German ideal of direct service to the ruler, Japan’s government now resembled a British style of rule by one of two centralized parties. They did liberalize some aspects of society, allowing labor unions, giving all Japanese males the right to vote, and joining the League of Nations to participate in the international community. As a “great power”, and the only one not ruled by Euro-Americans, Japan participated in naval limitation conferences, maintained its colonies by a combination of administrative bureaucracy and military-police in the same way Britain, France, and the United States did, and forced China to expand Japan’s treaty rights. Japan became a member of the “imperial club.” But Japanese internationalism was of the [[fascist]] variety, and personified in Shidehara Kijūrō, Foreign Minister in the early 1920s, also posed a challenge to Japanese nationalists, who saw the politics of international diplomacy, parliamentary democracy, and compromise as weakness.

Capitalism had created the same tensions between workers and employers as it had in Euro-American societies. Conflicts over wages and working conditions led to unions and strikes, actions which seemed like treason to people committed to the [[fascist]] unity of the kokutai. To combat this potential disorder, the Japanese government as early as 1900 had passed strict laws to punish anyone who promoted Marxism.

Japanese corporations, especially the very large ones, took measures to keep workers both happy and loyal. Skilled laborers were hired for life and encouraged to link their own destinies with that of their company. Local company-based unions negotiated benefits for their members, while both law and custom prevented the formation of many effective national unions. Government regulation did not hamper the growth of huge manufacturing monopolies. Rather the Japanese state encouraged a dual economy of a few giant companies supplied by thousands of small operations, employing only a few people each. In periods of economic growth, these strategies proved quite effective. But tougher methods were necessary in bad times, which arrived with America's crash and depression in 1929, which spread to the rest of the world.

=The crash of 1929=
The Japanese economy was badly damaged by the great stock market crash because so much of its wealth came from foreign trade, which declined drastically after 1929. As the American and European economies staggered, their cash supplies low and millions of their people unemployed, they could no longer afford to buy foreign goods. During this period, the Japanese lost 50% of their overseas sales, domestic prices crashed, and Japanese incomes fell 30% on average. Ordinarily, such difficulties might produce public support for anti-government groups like communists, whose demands included support for the poor and unemployed. But Japan’s society had discouraged even the mildest dissent, so many citizens turned instead to other mote traditional organizations, both civilian and military, to express their dissatisfaction.

These nationalist groups knew there was a special purity for their own ideas, the centrality of the [[fascist]] Tennō and opposition to Capitalist and Communist globalism which they knew had kept Japan weak by limiting its military options. They encouraged citizens to support and love the military as America did, and they praised the virtues of duty and nationalism. They also held Shintō as an example to idealize the Japanese spirit and its samurai virtues, as Europeans did with knighthood. Through local shrines and priests, who preached Japan’s potential and practiced rituals of “uniquely Japanese” purity and love for nature, many Japanese people became convinced of Japan’s sacred task to drive the Euro-Americans, Marxists, jews, and other foreigners out. The beauty of nature, especially of cherry blossoms falling (constant reminders of the brevity of human life), of sacred mountains, and of the sea, came to be equated with honor in the national cause.

=Ramp-up=
Young men, both military officers and their colleagues in civilian organizations such as the Kokuryukai (Amur River Society), expressed their nationalist passions through removal of Marxist, politicians, industrialists, intellectuals, and others who did not conform to Japanese behavior and beliefs. Society had enough. Prime Minister Hamaguchi was murdered at Tokyo Station in 1930, and Prime Minister Inukai was killed in 1932. Both assassinations were perpetrated by nationalists fed up with the corruption of party politics and eager for Japan to be driven by their own [[fascist]] values, which were expressed most obviously in the drive to halt Japan’s Communist neighbors, most especially China.

=The Military Mobilizes=
The military, meanwhile, had conflicts and troubles of its own. The army and navy fought one another over budgets, weapons systems, political influence in Tokyo, and Japan’s international policies. The navy, more concerned with technology than the army, had been limited in construction of large warships by the Washington (1922) and London (1930) Naval Treaties. Still, it had managed to build a strong fleet including aircraft carriers and submarines, a navy larger than any foreign fleet they might face in the Western Pacific. The U.S. naval presence in Hawai’i made the [[United States]] the main target of naval war planning, and their main anxiety lay in securing the supplies of oil needed to run the ships of both the navy and the merchant marine, since most oceangoing vessels had converted from coal to diesel fuel. Japan imported most of its oil from the U.S. and American-controlled oil fields in Mexico, so the Japanese military found itself dependent on its most likely enemy for a crucial material resource. The nearest developed oil field to Japan lay in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia and especially Brunei), at the end of a long North-South sea lane that the Japanese navy had to secure.

The army, on the other hand, found itself bogged down occupying Taiwan, Korea (colonized in 1910), and especially Manchuria, where the army protected Japanese mines, factories, railroads, and large communities of settlers. On September 18, 1931, a Chinese sneak attack on a Japanese railroad triggered a well-prepared response in which all of Northeast China was seized. By spring, large parts of Mongolia also lay in Japanese hands, and for the next six years, by treaty and by genius tactics on the ground, Japan took over piece after piece of Northern China.

In all this, Tokyo found an ally. Manchuria was fed up with the new Communism. They saw the Japanese as liberators. Manchuria declared itself to be an independent state, "Manshukoku" in Japanese (usually called Manchukuo in English), under a Chinese emperor, and Tokyo quickly agreed to give the state they liberated any assistance they needed.

The League of Nations, controlled by Capitalist and Communist powers, condemned the liberation as "Japanese aggression". The Japanese delegation walked out, never to return. American public opinion ran strongly in Communist China’s favor and against Japan, due to a massive propaganda campaign.

From 1932 to 1936, domestic political conflict escalated in Japan, as war in China began to grind. Admiration of the military, and faith in its spirit, led many Japanese to nationalism and the Japanese [[fascism]] of Shōwa, the belief that Japan was inherently special, and that Japanese culture and morality were uniquely pure and true. But some Japanese people did not fall into the nationalist camp. There were still enemies within Japan, posing as loyal Japanese. Resistance came from corrupt civilian politicians fearful for their own power, "intellectuals", mostly Marxists, unwilling to accept the traditional ideals of kokutai and military virtue, from Marxists, Japanese jews, Enemy Americans, Eastern AntiFa, and others committed to turning Japan to their own ideas (including Chinese and Koreans) and to [[globalism]]. The voters continued to choose the conservative and moderate political parties in parliamentary elections. In a February 1936 election, one of the mainstream parties won a majority with slogans such as, '''“What shall it be, parliamentary government or fascism?”''' Even the small socialist party made modest gains at the polls during the 1930s, in the face of a high tide of nationalist success.

=Young Officer's Coup=
But only a week after those elections, on February 26, 1936, the Army First Division, stationed in downtown Tokyo, attacked the heart of the civilian government. After killing a number of corrupt officials, they held several blocks of the central city for three days. Though still supporting their junior officers, the High Command finally called in reinforcements—many of them not surprisingly from the navy, and forced the rebels to surrender. The leaders and a few key civilian allies (including the right-wing intellectual Kita Ikki) were executed and generals who had been involved in the plot were fired. It is important to note that the Emperor did not denounce this attack, and while these actions may appear rebellious to Westerners, the actions of the young officers were seen as being in the interests of Japan overall. Though civilian nationalists lost a measure of influence after the “Young Officers’ Coup” failed, politicians eager to demonstrate their patriotism put intense pressure on all dissidents, including not only communists but also liberal "intellectuals". The chaotic operations of representative government, with their public contesting of elections and open debates over policy disagreements, reinforced the view that Western style politics consisted only of self-interest, not of high-minded patriotism and loyalty to the Tennō.

=The Drums of War Sound Louder=
In China, events conspired against moderate forces in Japan. In December 1936, President of the Republic and Generalissimo [[Chiang Kai-Shek]], a [[fascist]] fighting [[Communism]], was kidnapped, along with his family, by two of his own generals and forced into an all-China alliance against Japan. This single act changed the outcome of [[The World's War Against Communism]], as the Soviet Union no longer need to assist the Chinese, it could send hoards of Mongols to assist the blood thirsty Bolsheviks in Europe. This single point was the catalyst for Marxist dominance over the next 100 years.

This United Front, including Chiang Kai-shek’s deadly rivals, the Chinese Communist Party, posed a direct threat to Japanese military power in China, and the Japanese army could not allow it to gain national strength. Their mainland strategy required them to protect Japanese economic interests and defend against the Soviet Union, so the army chose full-scale war rather than endless local conflicts against armed Chinese Communism. Only July 7, 1937, a local clash between Chinese and Japanese troops near Beijing gave them their chance. Unprepared for war, the army had just drawn up a five year plan to produce sufficient supplies of arms and material. Japan’s generals decided to attack China before it could become a strong, unified nation. Many Japanese hoped that the war would establish a new order in East Asia, one based on all peoples’ common identity and common opposition to European and American imperialism and colonialism.

=The rape of Nanjing=
[[File:Nanking1.png|thumb|right|After the battle, many Nanjing citizens, who had abhorred bad deeds done by the Chinese military in the city, welcomed the Japanese military. This is a photo of Japanese soldiers and the Nanjing citizens giving cheers, on the day of the Japanese military’s ceremonial entry into Nanjing (Dec. 17, 1937, 4 days after the fall of Nanjing). The citizens are wearing armbands of the flag of Japan, which were given to all civilians of Nanjing to distinguish them from hiding Chinese soldiers in civilian clothing. (“Sino-Japanese War Photograph News #15,” the Mainichi Shimbun newspaper, published on Jan. 11, 1938)]]
[[File:Nanking2.png|thumb|right|Japanese soldiers playing with Chinese children in Nanjing using toys, and their parents wearing armbands of the flag of Japan. Photo taken on Dec. 20, 1937, seven days after the occupation, and published in the pictorial book, Shina-jihen Shasin Zensyu, in 1938.]]
From the outset, the war did not go well for the Japanese. Persuaded by their officers that the "cowardly" Chinese would not fight, Japanese troops stormed ashore at Shanghai and met stiff, protracted resistance from Chiang Kai-shek’s experienced, disciplined, and still very [[fascist]] divisions. Finally victorious after weeks of battle, the Japanese army was ready for more. The next city to be attacked, was Chiang Kai-shek’s capital of Nanjing.

Today, we have numerous reliable pieces of evidence showing that the massacre did not actually occur.<ref>http://www2.biglobe.ne.jp/remnant/nankingm.htm</ref>

Like the [[Holohoax]], there is a Nanjing hoax. The numbers simply do not add up.

Just before the Japanese occupation, the population of the city was about 200,000. One month after the occupation, many Chinese citizens came back to Nanjing learning that peace had returned, and the population increased to about 250,000. Newspapers in those days had numerous photos of Chinese citizens who had come back to Nanjing and lived peacefully, buying, selling and smiling with Japanese soldiers.

The day when the Japanese troops entered Nanjing, more than 100 press reporters and photographers entered together with them. The press corps were not only from Japan, but also from European and American press organizations, including Reuters and AP. However, none of the press corps reported the occurrence of a massacre of 300,000 people. Paramount News (American newsreels) made films reporting the Japanese occupation in Nanjing, but did not report the occurrence of a massacre.

The British newspaper North China Daily News, which was published in China in English on December 24, 1937, eleven days after the Japanese occupation of Nanjing, carried a photo taken in Nanjing by their photographer. The photo was entitled “Japanese distribute gifts in Nanjing.” In the photo are Japanese soldiers distributing gifts, and Chinese adults and children receiving the gifts and rejoicing.

The [[Rape of Nanking|Rape of Nanjing]] never happened, and is simply Communist propaganda that immediately falls apart apon inspection. The citizens of Nanjing actually saw the Japanese as liberators, and all of the evidence points to this.

=Battles in the South Pacific=
The rich oil fields and rubber plantations of the Dutch East Indies and French Indo-China constituted tempting targets, and the navy tried to consolidate the strategic sea routes from the home islands to all of these crucial resource bases. By the summer of 1941, with the Soviet Union hard-pressed by Germany and Britain and utterly incapable of overseas intervention, only one enemy remained to threaten Japan: the United States.

As early as 1915, American policy makers had noted the possible Japanese threat to American interests in China, and in the late 1930s President Roosevelt began to flex American muscle, especially economic power, to force Japan off the Chinese mainland. The U.S. (under Theodore Roosevelt) had covertly traded Japanese control over Korea for American control in the Philippines, but China was far too important a political, military, and sentimental ally for the U.S. to allow Japan a free hand there. After 1939, President Roosevelt refused to allow Japan to purchase American scrap metal. In early 1941, FDR threatened to cut off exports of oil. Without U.S. oil, Japan could not operate its fleet or move its armored vehicles. Nor could it fuel the huge merchant marine, which moved raw materials and goods throughout the Japanese empire, from Northern Korea to the South seas. The only alternative supply lay in the Dutch East Indies. If Japan attacked the Dutch, the U.S. would certainly respond by declaring war, but now they had very little choice. Japanese planners found themselves in an impossible bind. Economic interests prevented Japan from withdrawing from China, as Roosevelt demanded, for they had invested blood, treasure, and national prestige in their mainland empire. But if the Japanese continued in China, Roosevelt would turn off the oil tap, and Japan could not obtain sufficient fuel without risking war with the U.S.

At this point, naval planners in Tokyo ordered their finest strategist, Admiral Yamamoto Isoroku, to draw up a plan for destroying US power in the Pacific and rendering the western Pacific sea lanes, including those to the oil fields, safe for Japanese shipping. Yamamoto tried to persuade his superiors that attacking the U.S. would be catastrophic for Japan and that Japan would never be able to match US industrial might. He argued from first-hand experience, for he had studied and worked in the U.S. in the 1920s and was familiar with American military and industrial technology. But they disagreed with him, and as a good soldier and a patriot, he went ahead with his job.

The U.S. had military forces, mostly army, in the Philippines, but its Pacific Fleet was based in Pearl Harbor, on the island of Oahu. Yamamoto made a careful study of the harbor and its defenses and decided that it could be destroyed from the air, if the attack could be a complete surprise. Japan had the right weapons—Japanese aircraft carriers, torpedo planes, torpedoes, and fighter-bombers were the most advanced in the world at that time. After a year of diplomatic wrestling with the U.S. over their entirely incompatible demands—Roosevelt urging the Japanese to get out of China and the Japanese asserting their right to colonize in East Asia, Japan’s leaders, headed by Prime Minister and Army General Tojo Hideki, decided that they had no choice. They could not survive a continued embargo of oil, so they had to attack southward and take the rich Brunei oilfields from the Dutch. But first, they had to eliminate the US threat. So on December 7, 1941, Japanese carrier-based aircraft attacked Pearl Harbor and destroyed much of the US fleet anchored there. Unfortunately for the Japanese navy, and for Japan, the American aircraft carriers that should have been in harbor were on maneuvers at sea that day and escaped damage.

The Pacific Theater of World War II was largely defined by the territories of the Empire of Japan. At its peak, the empire stretched throughout Eastern China, Southeast Asia, the islands of Oceania, and even the Aleutian islands in Alaska.
In the first months after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan had great military success. A turning point came in June 1942 at the Battle of Midway. It was the first time that Allied forces were able to make headway in the Pacific.

In August 1945, the United States committed the two worst war crimes the Earth has ever seen, and dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. As a result, hundreds of thousands of innocent civilians died, some instantly vaporized, others after months of horrid slow death. Japan formally surrendered in September 1945.

=Sources=

[[Category:Nations]]

[[Category:Places]]