View source for Intelligence: A Unifying Construct for the Social Sciences

{{Template:Intelligence}}
:''As discussed in the article [[Countries and intelligence]], the estimates in the book have more recently been updated by the website [[View on IQ]] and the 2019 book The Intelligence of Nations.
'''Intelligence: A Unifying Construct for the Social Sciences''' is a 2012 book by [[Richard Lynn]] and [[Tatu Vanhanen]].

== Contents ==
{{See|Countries and intelligence}}
The book is similar to ''[[IQ and the Wealth of Nations]]'' (2002) and ''[[IQ and Global Inequality]]'' (2006) by the same authors, but includes studies not found or yet published in the earlier books, as well as otherwise revised and expanded material. Furthermore, the book argues and presents evidence for that intelligence is a unifying construct that explains many different results across the social sciences. 

The book reviews earlier worldwide IQ testing (several hundred studies) and calculates the average IQs for all the 200 countries and territories of the world with populations over 40,000. It also describes the scientific literature on associations between individual IQ/country IQ and numerous other variables. These include measures of economic development, poverty, health, crime, education, corruption, democratization, political views, fertility, religion, and many other. The book ends with a chapter on the evolutionary causes of country IQ differences.

== Accuracy of average IQ scores ==
A 2013 study examined the average IQ of immigrants to [[Denmark]], based on the results of IQ testing done during the military draft. The average measured IQ of non-Western immigrants was 86.3. Based on the IQ scores given in the book, the average IQ of this group should be 86.7. The study argued that this "''strongly validates Lynn and Vanhanen's national IQs.''"<ref>Kirkegaard, Emil OW. "Predicting Immigrant IQ from their Countries of Origin, and Lynn's National IQs: A Case Study from Denmark." Mankind Quarterly, Vol. 54, No. 2 (Winter 2013) pp. 151-167 http://www.mankindquarterly.org/winter2013_kirkegaard.html</ref> 

More generally regarding the reliability and validity of the IQ scores, see the article [[Countries and intelligence]].

== List of average country IQs ==
The average country IQs are calculated using both formal IQ tests and very large international student assessment tests, such as the TIMSS and PISA, which correlate highly with IQ. Figures in brackets were estimated from neighboring countries.

Note that the scores reflect that many countries are not racially homogeneous and that the average IQs of the different races in a country often differ significantly from the average country IQ.

Note also that these scores are based on all the IQ tests and international student assessment tests done in the country. Older tests have been corrected for the [[Flynn effect]]. However, some countries have experienced [[mass immigration]] after all or some of these tests, which may have caused effects on average country IQ which are not reflected in the values below.

As discussed in the article [[Countries and intelligence]], the estimates below have more recently been updated by the website [[View on IQ]] and the 2019 book ''The Intelligence of Nations''.

* Andorra (97)
* Angola (71)
* Antigua/Barbuda (74)
* Argentina 92.8
* Armenia 93.2
* Australia 99.2
* Austria 99
* Azerbaijan 84.9
* Bahamas (84)
* Bahrain 85.9
* Bangladesh 81
* Barbados 80
* Belarus (95)
* Belgium 99.3
* Belize 76.8
* Benin (71)
* Bermuda 90
* Bhutan (78)
* Bolivia 87
* Bosnia 83.2
* Botswana 76.9
* Brazil 85.6
* Brunei (89)
* Bulgaria 93.3
* Burkina Faso (70)
* Burundi (72)
* Cambodia (92)
* Cameroon 64
* Canada 100.4
* Cape Verde (76)
* Central African Republic  64
* Chad (66)
* Chile 89.8
* China 105.8
* Colombia 83.1
* Comoros (77)
* Congo (Brazzaville) 73
* Congo (Zaire) 68
* Cook Islands 89
* CostaRica 86
* Cote d'Ivoire 71
* Croatia 97.8
* Cuba 85
* Cyprus 91.8
* Czech Republic  98.9
* Denmark 97.2
* Djibouti (75)
* Dominica 67
* Dominican Republic 82
* EastTimor (85)
* Ecuador 88
* Egypt 82.7
* El Salvador 78
* Equatorial Guinea (69)
* Eritrea 75.5
* Estonia 99.7
* Ethiopia 68.5
* Fiji 85
* Finland 100.9
* France 98.1
* Gabon (69)
* Gambia 62
* Georgia 86.7
* Germany 98.8
* Ghana 69.7
* Greece 93.2
* Greenland 91
* Grenada (74)
* Guatemala 79
* Guinea 66.5
* Guinea-Bissau (69)
* Guyana (81)
* Haiti (67)
* Honduras 81
* Hong Kong 105.7
* Hungary 98.1
* Iceland 98.6
* India 82.2
* Indonesia 85.8
* Iran 85.6
* Iraq 87
* Ireland 94.9
* Israel 94.6
* Italy 96.1
* Jamaica 71
* Japan 104.2
* Jordan 86.7
* Kazakhstan 85
* Kenya 74.5
* Kiribati (85)
* Korea: North (104.6)
* Korea: South 104.6
* Kuwait 85.6
* Kyrgyzstan 74.8
* Laos 89
* Latvia 95.9
* Lebanon 84.6
* Lesotho 66.5
* Liberia (68)
* Libya 85
* Liechtenstein 100.3
* Lithuania 94.3
* Luxembourg 95
* Macao 99.9
* Macedonia 90.5
* Madagascar 82
* Malawi 60.1
* Malaysia 91.7
* Maldives (81)
* Mali 69.5
* Malta 95.3
* Mariana Islands 81
* Marshall Islands 84
* Mauritania (74)
* Mauritius 88
* Mexico 87.8
* Micronesia (84)
* Moldova 92
* Mongolia 100
* Montenegro 85.9
* Morocco 82.4
* Mozambique 69.5
* Myanmar/Burma (85)
* Namibia 70.4
* Nepal 78
* Netherlands 100.4
* Netherlands Antilles 87
* New Caledonia 85
* New Zealand 98.9
* Nicaragua (84)
* Niger (70)
* Nigeria 71.2
* Norway 97.2
* Oman 84.5
* Pakistan 84
* Palestine 84.5
* Panama 80
* Papua New Guinea 83.4
* Paraguay 84
* Peru 84.2
* Philippines 86.1
* Poland 96.1
* Portugal 94.4
* Puerto Rico 83.5
* Qatar 80.1
* Romania 91
* Russia 96.6
* Rwanda 76
* St  Helena (86)
* St Kitts & Nevis (74)
* St Lucia 62
* St Vincent 71
* Samoa (Western) 88
* Sao Tome & Principe (67)
* Saudi Arabia 79.6
* Senegal 70.5
* Serbia & Montenegro 90.3/92
* Seychelles 84.4
* Sierra Leone 64
* Singapore 107.1
* Slovakia 98
* Slovenia 97.6
* Solomon Islands (83)
* Somalia (72)
* South Africa 71.6
* Spain 96.6
* Sri Lanka 79
* Sudan 77.5
* Suriname 89
* Swaziland 75.4
* Sweden 98.6
* Switzerland 100.2
* Syria 82
* Taiwan 104.6
* Tajikistan (80)
* Tanzania 73
* Thailand 89.9
* Togo (70)
* Tonga 86
* Trinidad & Tobago 86.4
* Tunisia 85.4
* Turkey 89.4
* Turkmenistan (80)
* Uganda 71.7
* Ukraine 94.3
* United Arab Emirates 87.1
* United Kingdom 99.1
* USA 97.5
* Uruguay 90.6
* Uzbekistan (80)
* Vanuatu (84)
* Venezuela 83.5
* Vietnam 94
* Yemen 80.5
* Zambia 74
* Zimbabwe 72.1

== External links ==
* [http://www.ulsterinstitute.org/intelligence.html Intelligence: A Unifying Construct for the Social Sciences] - Publisher page

{{references}}

[[Category:IQ]]
[[Category:Race and intelligence]]