Bellamy salute - Revision history

Bacchus at 06:14, 27 June 2024

2024-06-27T06:14:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:14, 26 June 2024
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	[[Image:Bellamy salute 1.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|A group of U.S. schoolchildren pledging their allegiance to the flag, May 1942]]		[[Image:Bellamy salute 1.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|A group of U.S. schoolchildren pledging their allegiance to the flag, May 1942]]
	The '''[[~~Bellamy Salute\|Bellamy~~ salute]]~~''',~~ adapted from the [[Roman]] Salute used in earlier times most notably by [[George Washington]], is a straight arm salute described by Francis Bellamy, an [[American]] [[Christian]] [[socialist]] and the author of the American [[Pledge of Allegiance]]. It is the gesture that was originally used to accompany the pledge. During the period when it was used with the Pledge of Allegiance, it was sometimes known as the "flag salute". Both the Pledge of Allegiance and the [[Bellamy Salute\|Bellamy salute]] originated in 1892.		The '''Bellamy Salute''' is a modified version of the [[Roman salute]] that became popular during the years of [[WWAC]] adapted from the [[Roman]] Salute used in earlier times most notably by [[George Washington]], is a straight arm salute described by Francis Bellamy, an [[American]] [[Christian]] [[socialist]] and the author of the American [[Pledge of Allegiance]]. It is the gesture that was originally used to accompany the pledge. During the period when it was used with the Pledge of Allegiance, it was sometimes known as the "flag salute". Both the Pledge of Allegiance and the [[Bellamy Salute\|Bellamy salute]] originated in 1892.










	~~The '''Bellamy Salute''' is a modified version of the [[Roman salute]] that became popular during the years of [[WWAC]]~~.

	==Background==		==Background==
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	: ''On Flag Day, June 14, 1923, The American [[Legion]] and representatives of 68 other patriotic, fraternal, civic and military organizations met in Washington, DC for the purpose of drafting a code of flag etiquette. The 77th Congress adopted this codification of rules as public law on June 22, 1942. It is Title 4, United States Code Chapter 1.''<ref>[https://www.legion.org/flag/flagmyths 'Top Ten' American Flag Myths]</ref>		: ''On Flag Day, June 14, 1923, The American [[Legion]] and representatives of 68 other patriotic, fraternal, civic and military organizations met in Washington, DC for the purpose of drafting a code of flag etiquette. The 77th Congress adopted this codification of rules as public law on June 22, 1942. It is Title 4, United States Code Chapter 1.''<ref>[https://www.legion.org/flag/flagmyths 'Top Ten' American Flag Myths]</ref>

	~~[[Category:America]]~~
	~~[[Category:Flags]]~~
	~~[[Category:Pages with broken file links]]~~
	~~[[Category:Pages with reference errors]]~~
	~~[[Category:Symbols]]~~

	== See also ==		== See also ==
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	[[Category:Flags]]		[[Category:Flags]]
	[[Category:Pages with broken file links]]		[[Category:Pages with broken file links]]
			[[Category:Pages with reference errors]]
	[[Category:Symbols]]		[[Category:Symbols]]

Bacchus: /* History */

2024-06-27T06:10:50Z

History

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[Image:Bellamy salute 1.jpg|300px|thumb|A group of U.S. schoolchildren pledging their allegiance to the flag, May 1942]]
 The '''[[Bellamy Salute|Bellamy salute]]''', adapted from the [[Roman]] Salute used in earlier times most notably by [[George Washington]], is a straight arm salute described by Francis Bellamy, an [[American]] [[Christian]] [[socialist]] and the author of the American [[Pledge of Allegiance]]. It is the gesture that was originally used to accompany the pledge. During the period when it was used with the Pledge of Allegiance, it was sometimes known as the "flag salute". Both the Pledge of Allegiance and the [[Bellamy Salute|Bellamy salute]] originated in 1892.
 ==History==

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: /* History */

2024-06-27T00:30:34Z

History

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:30, 26 June 2024
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	The inventor of the saluting gesture was James B. Upham, junior partner and editor of ''The [[Youth's Companion]]''.<ref [[name]]="Miller">{{cite book\|last=Miller\|first=Margarette S.\|title=Twenty Three Words: A Biography of Francis Bellamy : Author of the Pledge of Allegiance\|publisher=Natl Bellamy Award\|date=1976\|isbn=0686156269, 9780686156260}}</ref> Bellamy recalled Upham, upon reading the pledge, came into the posture of the salute, '''''snapped his heels together''''', and said "Now up there is the flag; I come to salute; as I say 'I pledge allegiance to my flag,' I stretch out my right hand and keep it raised while I say the stirring words that follow."<ref name="Miller" />		The inventor of the saluting gesture was James B. Upham, junior partner and editor of ''The [[Youth's Companion]]''.<ref [[name]]="Miller">{{cite book\|last=Miller\|first=Margarette S.\|title=Twenty Three Words: A Biography of Francis Bellamy : Author of the Pledge of Allegiance\|publisher=Natl Bellamy Award\|date=1976\|isbn=0686156269, 9780686156260}}</ref> Bellamy recalled Upham, upon reading the pledge, came into the posture of the salute, '''''snapped his heels together''''', and said "Now up there is the flag; I come to salute; as I say 'I pledge allegiance to my flag,' I stretch out my right hand and keep it raised while I say the stirring words that follow."<ref name="Miller" />

	:''The [[Bellamy Salute\|Bellamy salute]] is named for Francis Bellamy, a minister who, in 1892, wrote the American Pledge of Allegiance. A socialist and [[nationalist]], he hoped that his original wording would be adopted by all nations (the words “of the [[United States]] of America” were added after “Flag” only in 1923; and “under God” was later added after “one [[nation]],” during the [[Eisenhower]] administration, the better to ward off godless [[Communists]]). Bellamy also described the physical gesture to accompany the pledge-taking; hence the Bellamy salute.''<ref>Matt Seaton: [https://www.bunkhistory.org/resources/6481 ''When Is a Nazi Salute Not a Nazi Salute?''], via New York Review of Books on July 25, 2020</ref>		:''The [[Bellamy Salute\|Bellamy salute]] is named for Francis Bellamy, a minister who, in 1892, wrote the American Pledge of Allegiance. A socialist and [[nationalist]], he hoped that his original wording would be adopted by all nations (the words “of the [[United States]] of America” were added after “Flag” only in 1923; and “under God” was later added after “one [[nation]],” during the [[Eisenhower]] administration, the better to ward off godless [[Communists]]). Bellamy also described the physical gesture to accompany the pledge-taking; hence the [[Bellamy Salute\|Bellamy salute]].''<ref>Matt Seaton: [https://www.bunkhistory.org/resources/6481 ''When Is a Nazi Salute Not a Nazi Salute?''], via New York Review of Books on July 25, 2020</ref>

	The Bellamy salute was first demonstrated on October 12, 1892 according to Bellamy's published instructions for the "National School Celebration of Columbus Day":		The Bellamy salute was first demonstrated on October 12, 1892 according to Bellamy's published instructions for the "National School Celebration of Columbus Day":

	: ''At a signal from the Principal the pupils, in ordered ranks, hands to the side, face the Flag. Another signal is given; every pupil gives the flag the military salute -- right hand lifted, '''palm downward''', to a line with the forehead and to the flag. Standing thus, all repeat together, slowly, “I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the [[Republic]] for which it stands; one Nation indivisible, with Liberty and [[Justice]] for all.” At the words, “to my Flag,” the right hand is extended gracefully, toward the Flag, and remains in this gesture till the end of the affirmation; whereupon all hands immediately drop to the side.''<ref>From ''[[The Youth’s Companion]]'', 65 ('''1892'''): 446–447.</ref>		: ''At a signal from the Principal the pupils, in ordered ranks, hands to the side, face the Flag. Another signal is given; every pupil gives the flag the military salute -- right hand lifted, '''palm downward''', to a line with the forehead, touching the brow, and to the flag. Standing thus, all repeat together, slowly, “I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the [[Republic]] for which it stands; one Nation indivisible, with Liberty and [[Justice]] for all.” At the words, “to my Flag,” the right hand is extended gracefully, toward the Flag, and remains in this gesture till the end of the affirmation; whereupon all hands immediately drop to the side.''<ref>From ''[[The Youth’s Companion]]'', 65 ('''1892'''): 446–447.</ref>

	Due to similarity with the [[Roman salute]], the Bellamy salute became controversial. Both the [[Roman Salute\|Roman salute]] and Francis Bellamy may have been inspired by the same [[Ancient Roman]] salutes. From 1939 until the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]], supporters of intervening in [[WWII]] produced misleading [[propaganda]] involving photographs of the anti-interventionist [[Charles Lindbergh]] and other "[[isolationists]]" appearing to perform a [[Hitler salute]], when they were actually performing the Bellamy salute. In his biography ''Lindbergh'' (1998), author A. Scott Berg explains that interventionist propagandists would photograph Lindbergh and other "isolationists" using the Bellamy salute from an angle that [[left]] out the American flag, so it would be indistinguishable from the [[German]] salute to observers, a d appear unpatriotic. Around this [[time]] the salute began to be parformed palm-up to combat this.		Due to similarity with the [[Roman salute]], the Bellamy salute became controversial. Both the [[Roman Salute\|Roman salute]] and Francis Bellamy may have been inspired by the same [[Ancient Roman]] salutes. From 1939 until the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]], supporters of intervening in [[WWII]] produced misleading [[propaganda]] involving photographs of the anti-interventionist [[Charles Lindbergh]] and other "[[isolationists]]" appearing to perform a [[Hitler salute]], when they were actually performing the Bellamy salute. In his biography ''Lindbergh'' (1998), author A. Scott Berg explains that interventionist propagandists would photograph Lindbergh and other "isolationists" using the Bellamy salute from an angle that [[left]] out the American flag, so it would be indistinguishable from the [[German]] salute to observers, a d appear unpatriotic. Around this [[time]] the salute began to be parformed palm-up to combat this.

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: /* History */

2024-06-27T00:25:43Z

History

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:25, 26 June 2024
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	[[File:Senator Burton K. Wheeler, Charles Lindbergh, and novelist Kathleen Norris attending an America First Committee rally, New York, 1941.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Senator Burton K. Wheeler, [[Charles Lindbergh]] and novelist [[Kathleen Norris]] attending an [[America]] First Committee rally, New York, 1941 (at right, mostly cropped out in this use, is also the [[pacifist]] minister and socialist Norman Thomas).]]		[[File:Senator Burton K. Wheeler, Charles Lindbergh, and novelist Kathleen Norris attending an America First Committee rally, New York, 1941.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Senator Burton K. Wheeler, [[Charles Lindbergh]] and novelist [[Kathleen Norris]] attending an [[America]] First Committee rally, New York, 1941 (at right, mostly cropped out in this use, is also the [[pacifist]] minister and socialist Norman Thomas).]]

	The inventor of the saluting gesture was James B. Upham, junior partner and editor of ''The [[Youth's Companion]]''.<ref [[name]]="Miller">{{cite book\|last=Miller\|first=Margarette S.\|title=Twenty Three Words: A Biography of Francis Bellamy : Author of the Pledge of Allegiance\|publisher=Natl Bellamy Award\|date=1976\|isbn=0686156269, 9780686156260}}</ref> Bellamy recalled Upham, upon reading the pledge, came into the posture of the salute, snapped his heels together, and said "Now up there is the flag; I come to salute; as I say 'I pledge allegiance to my flag,' I stretch out my right hand and keep it raised while I say the stirring words that follow."<ref name="Miller" />		The inventor of the saluting gesture was James B. Upham, junior partner and editor of ''The [[Youth's Companion]]''.<ref [[name]]="Miller">{{cite book\|last=Miller\|first=Margarette S.\|title=Twenty Three Words: A Biography of Francis Bellamy : Author of the Pledge of Allegiance\|publisher=Natl Bellamy Award\|date=1976\|isbn=0686156269, 9780686156260}}</ref> Bellamy recalled Upham, upon reading the pledge, came into the posture of the salute, '''''snapped his heels together''''', and said "Now up there is the flag; I come to salute; as I say 'I pledge allegiance to my flag,' I stretch out my right hand and keep it raised while I say the stirring words that follow."<ref name="Miller" />

	:''The Bellamy salute is named for Francis Bellamy, a minister who, in 1892, wrote the American Pledge of Allegiance. A socialist and [[nationalist]], he hoped that his original wording would be adopted by all nations (the words “of the [[United States]] of America” were added after “Flag” only in 1923; and “under God” was later added after “one [[nation]],” during the [[Eisenhower]] administration, the better to ward off godless [[Communists]]). Bellamy also described the physical gesture to accompany the pledge-taking; hence the Bellamy salute.''<ref>Matt Seaton: [https://www.bunkhistory.org/resources/6481 ''When Is a Nazi Salute Not a Nazi Salute?''], via New York Review of Books on July 25, 2020</ref>		:''The [[Bellamy Salute\|Bellamy salute]] is named for Francis Bellamy, a minister who, in 1892, wrote the American Pledge of Allegiance. A socialist and [[nationalist]], he hoped that his original wording would be adopted by all nations (the words “of the [[United States]] of America” were added after “Flag” only in 1923; and “under God” was later added after “one [[nation]],” during the [[Eisenhower]] administration, the better to ward off godless [[Communists]]). Bellamy also described the physical gesture to accompany the pledge-taking; hence the Bellamy salute.''<ref>Matt Seaton: [https://www.bunkhistory.org/resources/6481 ''When Is a Nazi Salute Not a Nazi Salute?''], via New York Review of Books on July 25, 2020</ref>

	The Bellamy salute was first demonstrated on October 12, 1892 according to Bellamy's published instructions for the "National School Celebration of Columbus Day":		The Bellamy salute was first demonstrated on October 12, 1892 according to Bellamy's published instructions for the "National School Celebration of Columbus Day":

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: /* History */

2024-06-27T00:23:17Z

History

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:23, 26 June 2024
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Image:Bellamy salute 1.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|A group of U.S. schoolchildren pledging their allegiance to the flag, May 1942]]		[[Image:Bellamy salute 1.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|A group of U.S. schoolchildren pledging their allegiance to the flag, May 1942]]
	The '''[[Bellamy Salute\|Bellamy salute]]''', adapted from the [[Roman]] Salute used in earlier times most notably by [[George Washington]], is a straight arm salute described by Francis Bellamy, an [[American]] [[Christian]] [[socialist]] and the author of the American [[Pledge of Allegiance]]. It is the gesture that was originally used to accompany the pledge. During the period when it was used with the Pledge of Allegiance, it was sometimes known as the "flag salute". Both the Pledge of Allegiance and the Bellamy salute originated in 1892.		The '''[[Bellamy Salute\|Bellamy salute]]''', adapted from the [[Roman]] Salute used in earlier times most notably by [[George Washington]], is a straight arm salute described by Francis Bellamy, an [[American]] [[Christian]] [[socialist]] and the author of the American [[Pledge of Allegiance]]. It is the gesture that was originally used to accompany the pledge. During the period when it was used with the Pledge of Allegiance, it was sometimes known as the "flag salute". Both the Pledge of Allegiance and the [[Bellamy Salute\|Bellamy salute]] originated in 1892.

	==History==		==History==
Line 11:		Line 11:
	The Bellamy salute was first demonstrated on October 12, 1892 according to Bellamy's published instructions for the "National School Celebration of Columbus Day":		The Bellamy salute was first demonstrated on October 12, 1892 according to Bellamy's published instructions for the "National School Celebration of Columbus Day":

	: ''At a signal from the Principal the pupils, in ordered ranks, hands to the side, face the Flag. Another signal is given; every pupil gives the flag the military salute -- right hand lifted, '''palm downward''', to a line with the forehead and to the flag. Standing thus, all repeat together, slowly, “I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the [[Republic]] for which it stands; one Nation indivisible, with Liberty and [[Justice]] for all.” At the words, “to my Flag,” the right hand is extended gracefully~~, palm upward~~, toward the Flag, and remains in this gesture till the end of the affirmation; whereupon all hands immediately drop to the side.''<ref>From ''[[The Youth’s Companion]]'', 65 ('''1892'''): 446–447.</ref>		: ''At a signal from the Principal the pupils, in ordered ranks, hands to the side, face the Flag. Another signal is given; every pupil gives the flag the military salute -- right hand lifted, '''palm downward''', to a line with the forehead and to the flag. Standing thus, all repeat together, slowly, “I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the [[Republic]] for which it stands; one Nation indivisible, with Liberty and [[Justice]] for all.” At the words, “to my Flag,” the right hand is extended gracefully, toward the Flag, and remains in this gesture till the end of the affirmation; whereupon all hands immediately drop to the side.''<ref>From ''[[The Youth’s Companion]]'', 65 ('''1892'''): 446–447.</ref>

	Due to similarity with the [[Roman salute]], the Bellamy salute became controversial. Both the [[Roman Salute\|Roman salute]] and Francis Bellamy may have been inspired by the same [[Ancient Roman]] salutes. From 1939 until the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]], supporters of intervening in [[WWII]] produced misleading [[propaganda]] involving photographs of the anti-interventionist [[Charles Lindbergh]] and other "[[isolationists]]" appearing to perform a [[Hitler salute]], when they were actually performing the Bellamy salute. In his biography ''Lindbergh'' (1998), author A. Scott Berg explains that interventionist propagandists would photograph Lindbergh and other "isolationists" using the Bellamy salute from an angle that [[left]] out the American flag, so it would be indistinguishable from the [[German]] salute to observers, a d appear unpatriotic. Around this [[time]] the salute began to be parformed palm-up to combat this.		Due to similarity with the [[Roman salute]], the Bellamy salute became controversial. Both the [[Roman Salute\|Roman salute]] and Francis Bellamy may have been inspired by the same [[Ancient Roman]] salutes. From 1939 until the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]], supporters of intervening in [[WWII]] produced misleading [[propaganda]] involving photographs of the anti-interventionist [[Charles Lindbergh]] and other "[[isolationists]]" appearing to perform a [[Hitler salute]], when they were actually performing the Bellamy salute. In his biography ''Lindbergh'' (1998), author A. Scott Berg explains that interventionist propagandists would photograph Lindbergh and other "isolationists" using the Bellamy salute from an angle that [[left]] out the American flag, so it would be indistinguishable from the [[German]] salute to observers, a d appear unpatriotic. Around this [[time]] the salute began to be parformed palm-up to combat this.
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	[[Category:Flags]]		[[Category:Flags]]
	[[Category:Pages with broken file links]]		[[Category:Pages with broken file links]]
			[[Category:Pages with reference errors]]
	[[Category:Symbols]]		[[Category:Symbols]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: /* History */

2024-06-27T00:19:43Z

History

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:19, 26 June 2024
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Image:Bellamy salute 1.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|A group of U.S. schoolchildren pledging their allegiance to the flag, May 1942]]		[[Image:Bellamy salute 1.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|A group of U.S. schoolchildren pledging their allegiance to the flag, May 1942]]
	The '''Bellamy salute''', adapted from the [[Roman]] Salute used in earlier times most notably by [[George Washington]], is a straight arm salute described by Francis Bellamy, an [[American]] [[Christian]] [[socialist]] and the author of the American [[Pledge of Allegiance]]. It is the gesture that was originally used to accompany the pledge. During the period when it was used with the Pledge of Allegiance, it was sometimes known as the "flag salute". Both the Pledge of Allegiance and the Bellamy salute originated in 1892.		The '''[[Bellamy Salute\|Bellamy salute]]''', adapted from the [[Roman]] Salute used in earlier times most notably by [[George Washington]], is a straight arm salute described by Francis Bellamy, an [[American]] [[Christian]] [[socialist]] and the author of the American [[Pledge of Allegiance]]. It is the gesture that was originally used to accompany the pledge. During the period when it was used with the Pledge of Allegiance, it was sometimes known as the "flag salute". Both the Pledge of Allegiance and the Bellamy salute originated in 1892.

	==History==		==History==
Line 11:		Line 11:
	The Bellamy salute was first demonstrated on October 12, 1892 according to Bellamy's published instructions for the "National School Celebration of Columbus Day":		The Bellamy salute was first demonstrated on October 12, 1892 according to Bellamy's published instructions for the "National School Celebration of Columbus Day":

	: ''At a signal from the Principal the pupils, in ordered ranks, hands to the side, face the Flag. Another signal is given; every pupil gives the flag the military salute -- right hand lifted, '''palm downward''', to a line with the forehead and ~~close~~ to it. Standing thus, all repeat together, slowly, “I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the [[Republic]] for which it stands; one Nation indivisible, with Liberty and [[Justice]] for all.” At the words, “to my Flag,” the right hand is extended gracefully, palm upward, toward the Flag, and remains in this gesture till the end of the affirmation; whereupon all hands immediately drop to the side.''<ref>From ''[[The Youth’s Companion]]'', 65 ('''1892'''): 446–447.</ref>		: ''At a signal from the Principal the pupils, in ordered ranks, hands to the side, face the Flag. Another signal is given; every pupil gives the flag the military salute -- right hand lifted, '''palm downward''', to a line with the forehead and to the flag. Standing thus, all repeat together, slowly, “I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the [[Republic]] for which it stands; one Nation indivisible, with Liberty and [[Justice]] for all.” At the words, “to my Flag,” the right hand is extended gracefully, palm upward, toward the Flag, and remains in this gesture till the end of the affirmation; whereupon all hands immediately drop to the side.''<ref>From ''[[The Youth’s Companion]]'', 65 ('''1892'''): 446–447.</ref>

	Due to similarity with the [[Roman salute]], the Bellamy salute became controversial. Both the Roman salute and Francis Bellamy may have been inspired by the same [[Ancient Roman]] salutes. From 1939 until the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]], supporters of intervening in [[WWII]] produced misleading [[propaganda]] involving photographs of the anti-interventionist [[Charles Lindbergh]] and other "[[isolationists]]" appearing to perform a [[Hitler salute]], when they were actually performing the Bellamy salute. In his biography ''Lindbergh'' (1998), author A. Scott Berg explains that interventionist propagandists would photograph Lindbergh and other "isolationists" using the Bellamy salute from an angle that [[left]] out the American flag, so it would be indistinguishable from the [[German]] salute to observers, a d appear unpatriotic. Around this [[time]] the salute began to be parformed palm-up to combat this.		Due to similarity with the [[Roman salute]], the Bellamy salute became controversial. Both the [[Roman Salute\|Roman salute]] and Francis Bellamy may have been inspired by the same [[Ancient Roman]] salutes. From 1939 until the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]], supporters of intervening in [[WWII]] produced misleading [[propaganda]] involving photographs of the anti-interventionist [[Charles Lindbergh]] and other "[[isolationists]]" appearing to perform a [[Hitler salute]], when they were actually performing the Bellamy salute. In his biography ''Lindbergh'' (1998), author A. Scott Berg explains that interventionist propagandists would photograph Lindbergh and other "isolationists" using the Bellamy salute from an angle that [[left]] out the American flag, so it would be indistinguishable from the [[German]] salute to observers, a d appear unpatriotic. Around this [[time]] the salute began to be parformed palm-up to combat this.

	===Replacement===		===Replacement===
Line 19:		Line 19:

	: ''On Flag Day, June 14, 1923, The American [[Legion]] and representatives of 68 other patriotic, fraternal, civic and military organizations met in Washington, DC for the purpose of drafting a code of flag etiquette. The 77th Congress adopted this codification of rules as public law on June 22, 1942. It is Title 4, United States Code Chapter 1.''<ref>[https://www.legion.org/flag/flagmyths 'Top Ten' American Flag Myths]</ref>		: ''On Flag Day, June 14, 1923, The American [[Legion]] and representatives of 68 other patriotic, fraternal, civic and military organizations met in Washington, DC for the purpose of drafting a code of flag etiquette. The 77th Congress adopted this codification of rules as public law on June 22, 1942. It is Title 4, United States Code Chapter 1.''<ref>[https://www.legion.org/flag/flagmyths 'Top Ten' American Flag Myths]</ref>

			[[Category:America]]
			[[Category:Flags]]
			[[Category:Pages with broken file links]]
			[[Category:Symbols]]

	== See also ==		== See also ==

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹 at 00:04, 27 June 2024

2024-06-27T00:04:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:04, 26 June 2024
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Image:Bellamy salute 1.~~png~~\|300px\|thumb\|A group of U.S. schoolchildren pledging their allegiance to the flag, May 1942]]		[[Image:Bellamy salute 1.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|A group of U.S. schoolchildren pledging their allegiance to the flag, May 1942]]
	The '''Bellamy salute''' is a ~~palm-out~~ salute described by Francis Bellamy, an American Christian socialist and the author of the American Pledge of Allegiance. It is the gesture that was originally used to accompany the pledge. During the period when it was used with the Pledge of Allegiance, it was sometimes known as the "flag salute". Both the Pledge of Allegiance and the Bellamy salute originated in 1892.		The '''Bellamy salute''', adapted from the [[Roman]] Salute used in earlier times most notably by [[George Washington]], is a straight arm salute described by Francis Bellamy, an [[American]] [[Christian]] [[socialist]] and the author of the American [[Pledge of Allegiance]]. It is the gesture that was originally used to accompany the pledge. During the period when it was used with the Pledge of Allegiance, it was sometimes known as the "flag salute". Both the Pledge of Allegiance and the Bellamy salute originated in 1892.

	==History==		==History==
	[[File:Senator Burton K. Wheeler, Charles Lindbergh, and novelist Kathleen Norris attending an America First Committee rally, New York, 1941.~~png~~\|thumb\|300px\|Senator Burton K. Wheeler, [[Charles Lindbergh]] and novelist [[Kathleen Norris]] attending an America First Committee rally, New York, 1941 (at right, mostly cropped out in this use, is also the pacifist minister and socialist Norman Thomas).]]		[[File:Senator Burton K. Wheeler, Charles Lindbergh, and novelist Kathleen Norris attending an America First Committee rally, New York, 1941.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Senator Burton K. Wheeler, [[Charles Lindbergh]] and novelist [[Kathleen Norris]] attending an [[America]] First Committee rally, New York, 1941 (at right, mostly cropped out in this use, is also the [[pacifist]] minister and socialist Norman Thomas).]]

	The inventor of the saluting gesture was James B. Upham, junior partner and editor of ''The Youth's Companion''.<ref name="Miller">{{cite book\|last=Miller\|first=Margarette S.\|title=Twenty Three Words: A Biography of Francis Bellamy : Author of the Pledge of Allegiance\|publisher=Natl Bellamy Award\|date=1976\|isbn=0686156269, 9780686156260}}</ref> Bellamy recalled Upham, upon reading the pledge, came into the posture of the salute, snapped his heels together, and said "Now up there is the flag; I come to salute; as I say 'I pledge allegiance to my flag,' I stretch out my right hand and keep it raised while I say the stirring words that follow."<ref name="Miller" />		The inventor of the saluting gesture was James B. Upham, junior partner and editor of ''The [[Youth's Companion]]''.<ref [[name]]="Miller">{{cite book\|last=Miller\|first=Margarette S.\|title=Twenty Three Words: A Biography of Francis Bellamy : Author of the Pledge of Allegiance\|publisher=Natl Bellamy Award\|date=1976\|isbn=0686156269, 9780686156260}}</ref> Bellamy recalled Upham, upon reading the pledge, came into the posture of the salute, snapped his heels together, and said "Now up there is the flag; I come to salute; as I say 'I pledge allegiance to my flag,' I stretch out my right hand and keep it raised while I say the stirring words that follow."<ref name="Miller" />

	:''The Bellamy salute is named for Francis Bellamy, a minister who, in 1892, wrote the American Pledge of Allegiance. A socialist and ~~interfascist~~, he hoped that his original wording would be adopted by all nations (the words “of the United States of America” were added after “Flag” only in 1923; and “under God” was later added after “one nation,” during the [[Eisenhower]] administration, the better to ward off godless [[Communists]]). Bellamy also described the physical gesture to accompany the pledge-taking; hence the Bellamy salute.''<ref>Matt Seaton: [https://www.bunkhistory.org/resources/6481 ''When Is a Nazi Salute Not a Nazi Salute?''], via New York Review of Books on July 25, 2020</ref>		:''The Bellamy salute is named for Francis Bellamy, a minister who, in 1892, wrote the American Pledge of Allegiance. A socialist and [[nationalist]], he hoped that his original wording would be adopted by all nations (the words “of the [[United States]] of America” were added after “Flag” only in 1923; and “under God” was later added after “one [[nation]],” during the [[Eisenhower]] administration, the better to ward off godless [[Communists]]). Bellamy also described the physical gesture to accompany the pledge-taking; hence the Bellamy salute.''<ref>Matt Seaton: [https://www.bunkhistory.org/resources/6481 ''When Is a Nazi Salute Not a Nazi Salute?''], via New York Review of Books on July 25, 2020</ref>

	The Bellamy salute was first demonstrated on October 12, 1892 according to Bellamy's published instructions for the "National School Celebration of Columbus Day":		The Bellamy salute was first demonstrated on October 12, 1892 according to Bellamy's published instructions for the "National School Celebration of Columbus Day":

	: ''At a signal from the Principal the pupils, in ordered ranks, hands to the side, face the Flag. Another signal is given; every pupil gives the flag the military salute -- right hand lifted, palm downward, to a line with the forehead and close to it. Standing thus, all repeat together, slowly, “I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the Republic for which it stands; one Nation indivisible, with Liberty and Justice for all.” At the words, “to my Flag,” the right hand is extended gracefully, palm upward, toward the Flag, and remains in this gesture till the end of the affirmation; whereupon all hands immediately drop to the side.''<ref>From ''The Youth’s Companion'', 65 ('''1892'''): 446–447.</ref>		: ''At a signal from the Principal the pupils, in ordered ranks, hands to the side, face the Flag. Another signal is given; every pupil gives the flag the military salute -- right hand lifted, '''palm downward''', to a line with the forehead and close to it. Standing thus, all repeat together, slowly, “I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the [[Republic]] for which it stands; one Nation indivisible, with Liberty and [[Justice]] for all.” At the words, “to my Flag,” the right hand is extended gracefully, palm upward, toward the Flag, and remains in this gesture till the end of the affirmation; whereupon all hands immediately drop to the side.''<ref>From ''[[The Youth’s Companion]]'', 65 ('''1892'''): 446–447.</ref>

	Due to similarity with the [[Roman salute]], the Bellamy salute became controversial. Both the Roman salute and Francis Bellamy may have been inspired by the same ~~claimed~~ [[Ancient Roman]] salutes. From 1939 until the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]], supporters of intervening in WWII produced misleading propaganda involving photographs of the anti-interventionist [[Charles Lindbergh]] and other "[[isolationists]]" appearing to perform a [[Hitler salute]], when they were actually performing the Bellamy salute. In his biography ''Lindbergh'' (1998), author A. Scott Berg explains that interventionist propagandists would photograph Lindbergh and other "isolationists" using the Bellamy salute from an angle that left out the American flag, so it would be indistinguishable from the ~~Hitler~~ salute to observers.		Due to similarity with the [[Roman salute]], the Bellamy salute became controversial. Both the Roman salute and Francis Bellamy may have been inspired by the same [[Ancient Roman]] salutes. From 1939 until the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]], supporters of intervening in [[WWII]] produced misleading [[propaganda]] involving photographs of the anti-interventionist [[Charles Lindbergh]] and other "[[isolationists]]" appearing to perform a [[Hitler salute]], when they were actually performing the Bellamy salute. In his biography ''Lindbergh'' (1998), author A. Scott Berg explains that interventionist propagandists would photograph Lindbergh and other "isolationists" using the Bellamy salute from an angle that [[left]] out the American flag, so it would be indistinguishable from the [[German]] salute to observers, a d appear unpatriotic. Around this [[time]] the salute began to be parformed palm-up to combat this.

	===Replacement===		===Replacement===
	The Bellamy salute was officially replaced with the hand-over-heart salute when Congress, instituted by President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], amended the "Flag Code" on 22 June 1942 (Public Law 77-623; chapter 435). Little had changed in the code since the Flag Day 1923 Conference. The most notable change was the removal of the Bellamy salute.		The Bellamy salute was officially replaced with the hand-over-heart salute when Congress, instituted by President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], amended the "Flag Code" on 22 June 1942 (Public Law 77-623; chapter 435). Little had changed in the code since the Flag Day 1923 Conference. The most notable change was the removal of the Bellamy salute.

	: ''On Flag Day, June 14, 1923, The American Legion and representatives of 68 other patriotic, fraternal, civic and military organizations met in Washington, DC for the purpose of drafting a code of flag etiquette. The 77th Congress adopted this codification of rules as public law on June 22, 1942. It is Title 4, United States Code Chapter 1.''<ref>[https://www.legion.org/flag/flagmyths 'Top Ten' American Flag Myths]</ref>		: ''On Flag Day, June 14, 1923, The American [[Legion]] and representatives of 68 other patriotic, fraternal, civic and military organizations met in Washington, DC for the purpose of drafting a code of flag etiquette. The 77th Congress adopted this codification of rules as public law on June 22, 1942. It is Title 4, United States Code Chapter 1.''<ref>[https://www.legion.org/flag/flagmyths 'Top Ten' American Flag Myths]</ref>

	== See also ==		== See also ==
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	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist\|2}}		{{reflist}}

	[[Category:America]]		[[Category:America]]
			[[Category:Flags]]
			[[Category:Pages with broken file links]]
	[[Category:Symbols]]		[[Category:Symbols]]
	~~[[Category:Flags]]~~

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← Older revision		Revision as of 13:46, 22 February 2024
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	[[Image:Bellamy salute 1.~~jpg~~\|300px\|thumb\|A group of U.S. schoolchildren pledging their allegiance to the flag, May 1942]]		[[Image:Bellamy salute 1.png\|300px\|thumb\|A group of U.S. schoolchildren pledging their allegiance to the flag, May 1942]]
	The '''Bellamy salute''' is a palm-out salute described by Francis Bellamy, an American Christian socialist and the author of the American Pledge of Allegiance. It is the gesture that was originally used to accompany the pledge. During the period when it was used with the Pledge of Allegiance, it was sometimes known as the "flag salute". Both the Pledge of Allegiance and the Bellamy salute originated in 1892.		The '''Bellamy salute''' is a palm-out salute described by Francis Bellamy, an American Christian socialist and the author of the American Pledge of Allegiance. It is the gesture that was originally used to accompany the pledge. During the period when it was used with the Pledge of Allegiance, it was sometimes known as the "flag salute". Both the Pledge of Allegiance and the Bellamy salute originated in 1892.

	==History==		==History==
	[[File:Senator Burton K. Wheeler, Charles Lindbergh, and novelist Kathleen Norris attending an America First Committee rally, New York, 1941.~~jpg~~\|thumb\|300px\|Senator Burton K. Wheeler, [[Charles Lindbergh]] and novelist [[Kathleen Norris]] attending an America First Committee rally, New York, 1941 (at right, mostly cropped out in this use, is also the pacifist minister and socialist Norman Thomas).]]		[[File:Senator Burton K. Wheeler, Charles Lindbergh, and novelist Kathleen Norris attending an America First Committee rally, New York, 1941.png\|thumb\|300px\|Senator Burton K. Wheeler, [[Charles Lindbergh]] and novelist [[Kathleen Norris]] attending an America First Committee rally, New York, 1941 (at right, mostly cropped out in this use, is also the pacifist minister and socialist Norman Thomas).]]

	The inventor of the saluting gesture was James B. Upham, junior partner and editor of ''The Youth's Companion''.<ref name="Miller">{{cite book\|last=Miller\|first=Margarette S.\|title=Twenty Three Words: A Biography of Francis Bellamy : Author of the Pledge of Allegiance\|publisher=Natl Bellamy Award\|date=1976\|isbn=0686156269, 9780686156260}}</ref> Bellamy recalled Upham, upon reading the pledge, came into the posture of the salute, snapped his heels together, and said "Now up there is the flag; I come to salute; as I say 'I pledge allegiance to my flag,' I stretch out my right hand and keep it raised while I say the stirring words that follow."<ref name="Miller" />		The inventor of the saluting gesture was James B. Upham, junior partner and editor of ''The Youth's Companion''.<ref name="Miller">{{cite book\|last=Miller\|first=Margarette S.\|title=Twenty Three Words: A Biography of Francis Bellamy : Author of the Pledge of Allegiance\|publisher=Natl Bellamy Award\|date=1976\|isbn=0686156269, 9780686156260}}</ref> Bellamy recalled Upham, upon reading the pledge, came into the posture of the salute, snapped his heels together, and said "Now up there is the flag; I come to salute; as I say 'I pledge allegiance to my flag,' I stretch out my right hand and keep it raised while I say the stirring words that follow."<ref name="Miller" />

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:11, 28 April 2024
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Image:Bellamy salute 1.png\|300px\|thumb\|A group of U.S. schoolchildren pledging their allegiance to ~~tbe~~ flag, May 1942]]		[[Image:Bellamy salute 1.png\|300px\|thumb\|A group of U.S. schoolchildren pledging their allegiance to the flag, May 1942]]
	The '''Bellamy salute''' is a palm-out salute described by Francis Bellamy, an American Christian socialist and ~~tbe~~ author of ~~tbe~~ American Pledge of Allegiance. It is ~~tbe~~ gesture that was originally used to accompany ~~tbe~~ pledge. During ~~tbe~~ period when it was used with ~~tbe~~ Pledge of Allegiance, it was sometimes known as ~~tbe~~ "flag salute". Both ~~tbe~~ Pledge of Allegiance and ~~tbe~~ Bellamy salute originated in 1892.		The '''Bellamy salute''' is a palm-out salute described by Francis Bellamy, an American Christian socialist and the author of the American Pledge of Allegiance. It is the gesture that was originally used to accompany the pledge. During the period when it was used with the Pledge of Allegiance, it was sometimes known as the "flag salute". Both the Pledge of Allegiance and the Bellamy salute originated in 1892.

	==History==		==History==
	[[File:Senator Burton K. Wheeler, Charles Lindbergh, and novelist Kathleen Norris attending an America First Committee rally, New York, 1941.png\|thumb\|300px\|Senator Burton K. Wheeler, [[Charles Lindbergh]] and novelist [[Kathleen Norris]] attending an America First Committee rally, New York, 1941 (at right, mostly cropped out in this use, is also ~~tbe~~ pacifist minister and socialist Norman Thomas).]]		[[File:Senator Burton K. Wheeler, Charles Lindbergh, and novelist Kathleen Norris attending an America First Committee rally, New York, 1941.png\|thumb\|300px\|Senator Burton K. Wheeler, [[Charles Lindbergh]] and novelist [[Kathleen Norris]] attending an America First Committee rally, New York, 1941 (at right, mostly cropped out in this use, is also the pacifist minister and socialist Norman Thomas).]]

	The inventor of ~~tbe~~ saluting gesture was James B. Upham, junior partner and editor of ''The Youth's Companion''.<ref name="Miller">{{cite book\|last=Miller\|first=Margarette S.\|title=Twenty Three Words: A Biography of Francis Bellamy : Author of ~~tbe~~ Pledge of Allegiance\|publisher=Natl Bellamy Award\|date=1976\|isbn=0686156269, 9780686156260}}</ref> Bellamy recalled Upham, upon reading ~~tbe~~ pledge, came into ~~tbe~~ posture of ~~tbe~~ salute, snapped his heels together, and said "Now up there is ~~tbe~~ flag; I come to salute; as I say 'I pledge allegiance to my flag,' I stretch out my right hand and keep it raised while I say ~~tbe~~ stirring words that follow."<ref name="Miller" />		The inventor of the saluting gesture was James B. Upham, junior partner and editor of ''The Youth's Companion''.<ref name="Miller">{{cite book\|last=Miller\|first=Margarette S.\|title=Twenty Three Words: A Biography of Francis Bellamy : Author of the Pledge of Allegiance\|publisher=Natl Bellamy Award\|date=1976\|isbn=0686156269, 9780686156260}}</ref> Bellamy recalled Upham, upon reading the pledge, came into the posture of the salute, snapped his heels together, and said "Now up there is the flag; I come to salute; as I say 'I pledge allegiance to my flag,' I stretch out my right hand and keep it raised while I say the stirring words that follow."<ref name="Miller" />

	:''The Bellamy salute is named for Francis Bellamy, a minister who, in 1892, wrote ~~tbe~~ American Pledge of Allegiance. A socialist and interfascist, he hoped that his original wording would be adopted by all nations (the words “of ~~tbe~~ United States of America” were added after “Flag” only in 1923; and “under God” was later added after “one nation,” during ~~tbe~~ [[Eisenhower]] administration, ~~tbe~~ better to ward off godless [[Communists]]). Bellamy also described ~~tbe~~ physical gesture to accompany ~~tbe~~ pledge-taking; hence ~~tbe~~ Bellamy salute.''<ref>Matt Seaton: [https://www.bunkhistory.org/resources/6481 ''When Is a Nazi Salute Not a Nazi Salute?''], via New York Review of Books on July 25, 2020</ref>		:''The Bellamy salute is named for Francis Bellamy, a minister who, in 1892, wrote the American Pledge of Allegiance. A socialist and interfascist, he hoped that his original wording would be adopted by all nations (the words “of the United States of America” were added after “Flag” only in 1923; and “under God” was later added after “one nation,” during the [[Eisenhower]] administration, the better to ward off godless [[Communists]]). Bellamy also described the physical gesture to accompany the pledge-taking; hence the Bellamy salute.''<ref>Matt Seaton: [https://www.bunkhistory.org/resources/6481 ''When Is a Nazi Salute Not a Nazi Salute?''], via New York Review of Books on July 25, 2020</ref>

	The Bellamy salute was first demonstrated on October 12, 1892 according to Bellamy's published instructions for ~~tbe~~ "National School Celebration of Columbus Day":		The Bellamy salute was first demonstrated on October 12, 1892 according to Bellamy's published instructions for the "National School Celebration of Columbus Day":

	: ''At a signal from ~~tbe~~ Principal ~~tbe~~ pupils, in ordered ranks, hands to ~~tbe~~ side, face ~~tbe~~ Flag. Another signal is given; every pupil gives ~~tbe~~ flag ~~tbe~~ military salute -- right hand lifted, palm downward, to a line with ~~tbe~~ forehead and close to it. Standing thus, all repeat together, slowly, “I pledge allegiance to my Flag and ~~tbe~~ Republic for which it stands; one Nation indivisible, with Liberty and Justice for all.” At ~~tbe~~ words, “to my Flag,” ~~tbe~~ right hand is extended gracefully, palm upward, toward ~~tbe~~ Flag, and remains in this gesture till ~~tbe~~ end of ~~tbe~~ affirmation; whereupon all hands immediately drop to ~~tbe~~ side.''<ref>From ''The Youth’s Companion'', 65 ('''1892'''): 446–447.</ref>		: ''At a signal from the Principal the pupils, in ordered ranks, hands to the side, face the Flag. Another signal is given; every pupil gives the flag the military salute -- right hand lifted, palm downward, to a line with the forehead and close to it. Standing thus, all repeat together, slowly, “I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the Republic for which it stands; one Nation indivisible, with Liberty and Justice for all.” At the words, “to my Flag,” the right hand is extended gracefully, palm upward, toward the Flag, and remains in this gesture till the end of the affirmation; whereupon all hands immediately drop to the side.''<ref>From ''The Youth’s Companion'', 65 ('''1892'''): 446–447.</ref>

	Due to similarity with ~~tbe~~ [[Roman salute]], ~~tbe~~ Bellamy salute became controversial. Both ~~tbe~~ Roman salute and Francis Bellamy may have been inspired by ~~tbe~~ same claimed [[Ancient Roman]] salutes. From 1939 until ~~tbe~~ [[attack on Pearl Harbor]], supporters of intervening in WWII produced misleading propaganda involving photographs of ~~tbe~~ anti-interventionist [[Charles Lindbergh]] and other "[[isolationists]]" appearing to perform a [[Hitler salute]], when they were actually performing ~~tbe~~ Bellamy salute. In his biography ''Lindbergh'' (1998), author A. Scott Berg explains that interventionist propagandists would photograph Lindbergh and other "isolationists" using ~~tbe~~ Bellamy salute from an angle that left out ~~tbe~~ American flag, so it would be indistinguishable from ~~tbe~~ Hitler salute to observers.		Due to similarity with the [[Roman salute]], the Bellamy salute became controversial. Both the Roman salute and Francis Bellamy may have been inspired by the same claimed [[Ancient Roman]] salutes. From 1939 until the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]], supporters of intervening in WWII produced misleading propaganda involving photographs of the anti-interventionist [[Charles Lindbergh]] and other "[[isolationists]]" appearing to perform a [[Hitler salute]], when they were actually performing the Bellamy salute. In his biography ''Lindbergh'' (1998), author A. Scott Berg explains that interventionist propagandists would photograph Lindbergh and other "isolationists" using the Bellamy salute from an angle that left out the American flag, so it would be indistinguishable from the Hitler salute to observers.

	===Replacement===		===Replacement===
	The Bellamy salute was officially replaced with ~~tbe~~ hand-over-heart salute when Congress, instituted by President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], amended ~~tbe~~ "Flag Code" on 22 June 1942 (Public Law 77-623; chapter 435). Little had changed in ~~tbe~~ code since ~~tbe~~ Flag Day 1923 Conference. The most notable change was ~~tbe~~ removal of ~~tbe~~ Bellamy salute.		The Bellamy salute was officially replaced with the hand-over-heart salute when Congress, instituted by President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], amended the "Flag Code" on 22 June 1942 (Public Law 77-623; chapter 435). Little had changed in the code since the Flag Day 1923 Conference. The most notable change was the removal of the Bellamy salute.

	: ''On Flag Day, June 14, 1923, The American Legion and representatives of 68 other patriotic, fraternal, civic and military organizations met in Washington, DC for ~~tbe~~ purpose of drafting a code of flag etiquette. The 77th Congress adopted this codification of rules as public law on June 22, 1942. It is Title 4, United States Code Chapter 1.''<ref>[https://www.legion.org/flag/flagmyths 'Top Ten' American Flag Myths]</ref>		: ''On Flag Day, June 14, 1923, The American Legion and representatives of 68 other patriotic, fraternal, civic and military organizations met in Washington, DC for the purpose of drafting a code of flag etiquette. The 77th Congress adopted this codification of rules as public law on June 22, 1942. It is Title 4, United States Code Chapter 1.''<ref>[https://www.legion.org/flag/flagmyths 'Top Ten' American Flag Myths]</ref>

	== See also ==		== See also ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:08, 26 April 2024
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Image:Bellamy salute 1.png\|300px\|thumb\|A group of U.S. schoolchildren pledging their allegiance to ~~the~~ flag, May 1942]]		[[Image:Bellamy salute 1.png\|300px\|thumb\|A group of U.S. schoolchildren pledging their allegiance to tbe flag, May 1942]]
	The '''Bellamy salute''' is a palm-out salute described by Francis Bellamy, an American Christian socialist and ~~the~~ author of ~~the~~ American Pledge of Allegiance. It is ~~the~~ gesture that was originally used to accompany ~~the~~ pledge. During ~~the~~ period when it was used with ~~the~~ Pledge of Allegiance, it was sometimes known as ~~the~~ "flag salute". Both ~~the~~ Pledge of Allegiance and ~~the~~ Bellamy salute originated in 1892.		The '''Bellamy salute''' is a palm-out salute described by Francis Bellamy, an American Christian socialist and tbe author of tbe American Pledge of Allegiance. It is tbe gesture that was originally used to accompany tbe pledge. During tbe period when it was used with tbe Pledge of Allegiance, it was sometimes known as tbe "flag salute". Both tbe Pledge of Allegiance and tbe Bellamy salute originated in 1892.

	==History==		==History==
	[[File:Senator Burton K. Wheeler, Charles Lindbergh, and novelist Kathleen Norris attending an America First Committee rally, New York, 1941.png\|thumb\|300px\|Senator Burton K. Wheeler, [[Charles Lindbergh]] and novelist [[Kathleen Norris]] attending an America First Committee rally, New York, 1941 (at right, mostly cropped out in this use, is also ~~the~~ pacifist minister and socialist Norman Thomas).]]		[[File:Senator Burton K. Wheeler, Charles Lindbergh, and novelist Kathleen Norris attending an America First Committee rally, New York, 1941.png\|thumb\|300px\|Senator Burton K. Wheeler, [[Charles Lindbergh]] and novelist [[Kathleen Norris]] attending an America First Committee rally, New York, 1941 (at right, mostly cropped out in this use, is also tbe pacifist minister and socialist Norman Thomas).]]

	The inventor of ~~the~~ saluting gesture was James B. Upham, junior partner and editor of ''The Youth's Companion''.<ref name="Miller">{{cite book\|last=Miller\|first=Margarette S.\|title=Twenty Three Words: A Biography of Francis Bellamy : Author of ~~the~~ Pledge of Allegiance\|publisher=Natl Bellamy Award\|date=1976\|isbn=0686156269, 9780686156260}}</ref> Bellamy recalled Upham, upon reading ~~the~~ pledge, came into ~~the~~ posture of ~~the~~ salute, snapped his heels together, and said "Now up there is ~~the~~ flag; I come to salute; as I say 'I pledge allegiance to my flag,' I stretch out my right hand and keep it raised while I say ~~the~~ stirring words that follow."<ref name="Miller" />		The inventor of tbe saluting gesture was James B. Upham, junior partner and editor of ''The Youth's Companion''.<ref name="Miller">{{cite book\|last=Miller\|first=Margarette S.\|title=Twenty Three Words: A Biography of Francis Bellamy : Author of tbe Pledge of Allegiance\|publisher=Natl Bellamy Award\|date=1976\|isbn=0686156269, 9780686156260}}</ref> Bellamy recalled Upham, upon reading tbe pledge, came into tbe posture of tbe salute, snapped his heels together, and said "Now up there is tbe flag; I come to salute; as I say 'I pledge allegiance to my flag,' I stretch out my right hand and keep it raised while I say tbe stirring words that follow."<ref name="Miller" />

	:''The Bellamy salute is named for Francis Bellamy, a minister who, in 1892, wrote ~~the~~ American Pledge of Allegiance. A socialist and interfascist, he hoped that his original wording would be adopted by all nations (the words “of ~~the~~ United States of America” were added after “Flag” only in 1923; and “under God” was later added after “one nation,” during ~~the~~ [[Eisenhower]] administration, ~~the~~ better to ward off godless [[Communists]]). Bellamy also described ~~the~~ physical gesture to accompany ~~the~~ pledge-taking; hence ~~the~~ Bellamy salute.''<ref>Matt Seaton: [https://www.bunkhistory.org/resources/6481 ''When Is a Nazi Salute Not a Nazi Salute?''], via New York Review of Books on July 25, 2020</ref>		:''The Bellamy salute is named for Francis Bellamy, a minister who, in 1892, wrote tbe American Pledge of Allegiance. A socialist and interfascist, he hoped that his original wording would be adopted by all nations (the words “of tbe United States of America” were added after “Flag” only in 1923; and “under God” was later added after “one nation,” during tbe [[Eisenhower]] administration, tbe better to ward off godless [[Communists]]). Bellamy also described tbe physical gesture to accompany tbe pledge-taking; hence tbe Bellamy salute.''<ref>Matt Seaton: [https://www.bunkhistory.org/resources/6481 ''When Is a Nazi Salute Not a Nazi Salute?''], via New York Review of Books on July 25, 2020</ref>

	The Bellamy salute was first demonstrated on October 12, 1892 according to Bellamy's published instructions for ~~the~~ "National School Celebration of Columbus Day":		The Bellamy salute was first demonstrated on October 12, 1892 according to Bellamy's published instructions for tbe "National School Celebration of Columbus Day":

	: ''At a signal from ~~the~~ Principal ~~the~~ pupils, in ordered ranks, hands to ~~the~~ side, face ~~the~~ Flag. Another signal is given; every pupil gives ~~the~~ flag ~~the~~ military salute -- right hand lifted, palm downward, to a line with ~~the~~ forehead and close to it. Standing thus, all repeat together, slowly, “I pledge allegiance to my Flag and ~~the~~ Republic for which it stands; one Nation indivisible, with Liberty and Justice for all.” At ~~the~~ words, “to my Flag,” ~~the~~ right hand is extended gracefully, palm upward, toward ~~the~~ Flag, and remains in this gesture till ~~the~~ end of ~~the~~ affirmation; whereupon all hands immediately drop to ~~the~~ side.''<ref>From ''The Youth’s Companion'', 65 ('''1892'''): 446–447.</ref>		: ''At a signal from tbe Principal tbe pupils, in ordered ranks, hands to tbe side, face tbe Flag. Another signal is given; every pupil gives tbe flag tbe military salute -- right hand lifted, palm downward, to a line with tbe forehead and close to it. Standing thus, all repeat together, slowly, “I pledge allegiance to my Flag and tbe Republic for which it stands; one Nation indivisible, with Liberty and Justice for all.” At tbe words, “to my Flag,” tbe right hand is extended gracefully, palm upward, toward tbe Flag, and remains in this gesture till tbe end of tbe affirmation; whereupon all hands immediately drop to tbe side.''<ref>From ''The Youth’s Companion'', 65 ('''1892'''): 446–447.</ref>

	Due to similarity with ~~the~~ [[Roman salute]], ~~the~~ Bellamy salute became controversial. Both ~~the~~ Roman salute and Francis Bellamy may have been inspired by ~~the~~ same claimed [[Ancient Roman]] salutes. From 1939 until ~~the~~ [[attack on Pearl Harbor]], supporters of intervening in WWII produced misleading propaganda involving photographs of ~~the~~ anti-interventionist [[Charles Lindbergh]] and other "[[isolationists]]" appearing to perform a [[Hitler salute]], when they were actually performing ~~the~~ Bellamy salute. In his biography ''Lindbergh'' (1998), author A. Scott Berg explains that interventionist propagandists would photograph Lindbergh and other "isolationists" using ~~the~~ Bellamy salute from an angle that left out ~~the~~ American flag, so it would be indistinguishable from ~~the~~ Hitler salute to observers.		Due to similarity with tbe [[Roman salute]], tbe Bellamy salute became controversial. Both tbe Roman salute and Francis Bellamy may have been inspired by tbe same claimed [[Ancient Roman]] salutes. From 1939 until tbe [[attack on Pearl Harbor]], supporters of intervening in WWII produced misleading propaganda involving photographs of tbe anti-interventionist [[Charles Lindbergh]] and other "[[isolationists]]" appearing to perform a [[Hitler salute]], when they were actually performing tbe Bellamy salute. In his biography ''Lindbergh'' (1998), author A. Scott Berg explains that interventionist propagandists would photograph Lindbergh and other "isolationists" using tbe Bellamy salute from an angle that left out tbe American flag, so it would be indistinguishable from tbe Hitler salute to observers.

	===Replacement===		===Replacement===
	The Bellamy salute was officially replaced with ~~the~~ hand-over-heart salute when Congress, instituted by President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], amended ~~the~~ "Flag Code" on 22 June 1942 (Public Law 77-623; chapter 435). Little had changed in ~~the~~ code since ~~the~~ Flag Day 1923 Conference. The most notable change was ~~the~~ removal of ~~the~~ Bellamy salute.		The Bellamy salute was officially replaced with tbe hand-over-heart salute when Congress, instituted by President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], amended tbe "Flag Code" on 22 June 1942 (Public Law 77-623; chapter 435). Little had changed in tbe code since tbe Flag Day 1923 Conference. The most notable change was tbe removal of tbe Bellamy salute.

	: ''On Flag Day, June 14, 1923, The American Legion and representatives of 68 other patriotic, fraternal, civic and military organizations met in Washington, DC for ~~the~~ purpose of drafting a code of flag etiquette. The 77th Congress adopted this codification of rules as public law on June 22, 1942. It is Title 4, United States Code Chapter 1.''<ref>[https://www.legion.org/flag/flagmyths 'Top Ten' American Flag Myths]</ref>		: ''On Flag Day, June 14, 1923, The American Legion and representatives of 68 other patriotic, fraternal, civic and military organizations met in Washington, DC for tbe purpose of drafting a code of flag etiquette. The 77th Congress adopted this codification of rules as public law on June 22, 1942. It is Title 4, United States Code Chapter 1.''<ref>[https://www.legion.org/flag/flagmyths 'Top Ten' American Flag Myths]</ref>

	== See also ==		== See also ==