Bosnia and Herzegovina - Revision history

Bacchus: Text replacement - "tbe " to "the "

2024-04-29T00:05:18Z

Text replacement - "tbe " to "the "

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:05, 28 April 2024
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	\|alt_sport_code = BIH		\|alt_sport_code = BIH
	\|aircraft_code = T9		\|aircraft_code = T9
	\|footnote1 = Not a government member; ~~tbe~~ High Representative is an international civilian peace implementation overseer with authority to dismiss elected and non-elected officials and enact legislation		\|footnote1 = Not a government member; the High Representative is an international civilian peace implementation overseer with authority to dismiss elected and non-elected officials and enact legislation
	\|footnote2 = Current presidency [[Chairmen of ~~tbe~~ Presidency of Bosnia-Herzegovina\|Chair]]; [[Serbs\|Serb]].		\|footnote2 = Current presidency [[Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia-Herzegovina\|Chair]]; [[Serbs\|Serb]].
	\|footnote3 = Current presidency member; [[Croats\|Croat]].		\|footnote3 = Current presidency member; [[Croats\|Croat]].
	\|footnote4 = Current presidency member; [[Bosniaks\|Bosniak]].		\|footnote4 = Current presidency member; [[Bosniaks\|Bosniak]].
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	}}		}}

	'''Bosnia-Herzegovina''' is a state on ~~tbe~~ [[Balkan peninsula]] of [[Southern Europe]] with an area of 51,280 square kilometres (19,741 sq mi). Around 4.3 million [[people]] lived in Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1991, prior to its 1992–1995 war. As of 2021 its population is 3,260,688.<ref>https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/bosnia-and-herzegovina-population/</ref>		'''Bosnia-Herzegovina''' is a state on the [[Balkan peninsula]] of [[Southern Europe]] with an area of 51,280 square kilometres (19,741 sq mi). Around 4.3 million [[people]] lived in Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1991, prior to its 1992–1995 war. As of 2021 its population is 3,260,688.<ref>https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/bosnia-and-herzegovina-population/</ref>

	==History==		==History==
	The country is home to three [[ethnic]] constituent peoples: [[Bosnians]], [[Serbia]]ns and [[Croats]]. Regardless of [[ethnicity]], a citizen of Bosnia-Herzegovina is often identified in English simply as a Bosnian. In Bosnia however, ~~tbe~~ distinction between a Bosnian and a Herzegovinian is maintained as a regional, rather than an ethnic distinction. The country is decentralized and comprised of two [[political]] entities, ~~tbe~~ [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] and [[Republika Srpska]], with [[District Brčko]] as a de facto third entity.		The country is home to three [[ethnic]] constituent peoples: [[Bosnians]], [[Serbia]]ns and [[Croats]]. Regardless of [[ethnicity]], a citizen of Bosnia-Herzegovina is often identified in English simply as a Bosnian. In Bosnia however, the distinction between a Bosnian and a Herzegovinian is maintained as a regional, rather than an ethnic distinction. The country is decentralized and comprised of two [[political]] entities, the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] and [[Republika Srpska]], with [[District Brčko]] as a de facto third entity.

	Bordered by [[Croatia]] to ~~tbe~~ north, west and south, [[Serbia]] to ~~tbe~~ east, and [[Montenegro]] to ~~tbe~~ south, Bosnia-Herzegovina is mostly landlocked, except for 26 kilometres of ~~tbe~~ [[Adriatic Sea]] coastline, centered around ~~tbe~~ town of [[Neum]]. The interior of ~~tbe~~ country is mountainous in ~~tbe~~ center and south, hilly in ~~tbe~~ northwest, and flat in ~~tbe~~ northeast.		Bordered by [[Croatia]] to the north, west and south, [[Serbia]] to the east, and [[Montenegro]] to the south, Bosnia-Herzegovina is mostly landlocked, except for 26 kilometres of the [[Adriatic Sea]] coastline, centered around the town of [[Neum]]. The interior of the country is mountainous in the center and south, hilly in the northwest, and flat in the northeast.

	The [[nation]]'s capital and largest city is [[Sarajevo]], seated between several high mountains. Sarajevo was ~~tbe~~ host site of ~~tbe~~ [[1984 Winter Olympic Games]].		The [[nation]]'s capital and largest city is [[Sarajevo]], seated between several high mountains. Sarajevo was the host site of the [[1984 Winter Olympic Games]].

	The region of Bosnia is ~~tbe~~ largest geographic region of ~~tbe~~ modern state with moderate continental climate, marked by hot summers and cold, snowy winters. Smaller Herzegovina is ~~tbe~~ southern tip of ~~tbe~~ country, with Mediterranean climate and topography. Bosnia and Herzegovina's [[natural]] resources are abundant.		The region of Bosnia is the largest geographic region of the modern state with moderate continental climate, marked by hot summers and cold, snowy winters. Smaller Herzegovina is the southern tip of the country, with Mediterranean climate and topography. Bosnia and Herzegovina's [[natural]] resources are abundant.

	===Austria-Hungary===		===Austria-Hungary===
	The Treaty of [[Berlin]] was signed on 13 July 1878 in ~~tbe~~ aftermath of ~~tbe~~ Russian victory against ~~tbe~~ Ottoman [[Empire]] in ~~tbe~~ Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. The major powers restructured ~~tbe~~ map of ~~tbe~~ Balkan region. It was ~~tbe~~ final act of ~~tbe~~ Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) and included Great Britain and Ireland, Austria-[[Hungary]], [[France]], [[Germany]], [[Italy]], Russia and ~~tbe~~ [[Ottoman Empire]]. [[Chancellor of Germany]] [[Otto von Bismarck]] was ~~tbe~~ chairman and dominant pers		The Treaty of [[Berlin]] was signed on 13 July 1878 in the aftermath of the Russian victory against the Ottoman [[Empire]] in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. The major powers restructured the map of the Balkan region. It was the final act of the Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) and included Great Britain and Ireland, Austria-[[Hungary]], [[France]], [[Germany]], [[Italy]], Russia and the [[Ottoman Empire]]. [[Chancellor of Germany]] [[Otto von Bismarck]] was the chairman and dominant pers

	The military of [[Austria-Hungary]] evicted ~~tbe~~ [[Ottoman Empire\|Turks]] from Bosnia-Herzegovina, which became a Protectorate, and set up what was described as a "model administration" of these provinces. However, they were open to destabilisation by neighbouring [[Serbia]] who sought a 'Greater Serbia' and into which they wanted to include these provinces. This was aggravated in 1903 when ~~tbe~~ pro-Austrian Serbian Royal Family were brutally murdered in a putsch by Serbian officers who then installed ~~tbe~~ pro-Russian Karadjordjevic family at ~~tbe~~ palace in [[Belgrade]]. This family were far more robust in pursuing a policy of 'Greater Serbia' expansion.		The military of [[Austria-Hungary]] evicted the [[Ottoman Empire\|Turks]] from Bosnia-Herzegovina, which became a Protectorate, and set up what was described as a "model administration" of these provinces. However, they were open to destabilisation by neighbouring [[Serbia]] who sought a 'Greater Serbia' and into which they wanted to include these provinces. This was aggravated in 1903 when the pro-Austrian Serbian Royal Family were brutally murdered in a putsch by Serbian officers who then installed the pro-Russian Karadjordjevic family at the palace in [[Belgrade]]. This family were far more robust in pursuing a policy of 'Greater Serbia' expansion.

	In 1908, some thirty years after their occupation of ~~tbe~~ provinces, Austria-Hungary formally annexed Boznia-Herzegovina into their empire.<ref>Bassett, Richard, ''For God and Kaiser: The Imperial Austrian Army 1619 to 1918'', Yale University Press, 2015, p.416-7. ISBN 978-0-300-17858-6</ref>		In 1908, some thirty years after their occupation of the provinces, Austria-Hungary formally annexed Boznia-Herzegovina into their empire.<ref>Bassett, Richard, ''For God and Kaiser: The Imperial Austrian Army 1619 to 1918'', Yale University Press, 2015, p.416-7. ISBN 978-0-300-17858-6</ref>
	===Post-WWI===		===Post-WWI===
	Following [[The Great War]], ~~tbe~~ [[liberal]] plutocratic Western Allies removed Bosnia-Herzegovina from ~~tbe~~ Austro-Hungarian Empire, which they were dismembering, and awarded ~~tbe~~ provinces to ~~tbe~~ Serbs' new 'Greater Serbian' state called ~~tbe~~ Kingdom of [[Yugoslavia\|Jugoslavia]], without a referendum or consulting ~~tbe~~ inhabitants.		Following [[The Great War]], the [[liberal]] plutocratic Western Allies removed Bosnia-Herzegovina from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which they were dismembering, and awarded the provinces to the Serbs' new 'Greater Serbian' state called the Kingdom of [[Yugoslavia\|Jugoslavia]], without a referendum or consulting the inhabitants.
	===WWII===		===WWII===
	In June 1941, King Peter fled to [[London]] following ~~tbe~~ [[German]] invasion provoked by his Cabinet ([[Balkans Campaign]]), in league with ~~tbe~~ British.		In June 1941, King Peter fled to [[London]] following the [[German]] invasion provoked by his Cabinet ([[Balkans Campaign]]), in league with the British.

	===Post-WWII===		===Post-WWII===
	After [[World War II]], in November 1945, ~~tbe~~ Yugoslav Constituent Assembly formally deposed King Peter and proclaimed [[Yugoslavia]] a [[Republic]]. It initially became a [[Communist]] client state of ~~tbe~~ [[Soviet Union]], although this did not stand ~~tbe~~ test of [[time]] and Yugoslavia soon took an independent route under former communist [[terrorist]]-now-[[dictator]] [[Josip Tito]]. Bosnia-Herzegovina became one of ~~tbe~~ six federal units constituting ~~tbe~~ [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]].		After [[World War II]], in November 1945, the Yugoslav Constituent Assembly formally deposed King Peter and proclaimed [[Yugoslavia]] a [[Republic]]. It initially became a [[Communist]] client state of the [[Soviet Union]], although this did not stand the test of [[time]] and Yugoslavia soon took an independent route under former communist [[terrorist]]-now-[[dictator]] [[Josip Tito]]. Bosnia-Herzegovina became one of the six federal units constituting the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]].

	===Independence ===		===Independence ===
	Bosnia-Herzegovina gained its [[independence]] from Serbia/Yugoslavia during ~~tbe~~ Yugoslav wars of independence of ~~tbe~~ early 1990s.		Bosnia-Herzegovina gained its [[independence]] from Serbia/Yugoslavia during the Yugoslav wars of independence of the early 1990s.

	==References==		==References==

Bacchus: Text replacement - " the " to " tbe "

2024-04-26T18:30:02Z

Text replacement - " the " to " tbe "

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:30, 26 April 2024
Line 61:		Line 61:
	\|alt_sport_code = BIH		\|alt_sport_code = BIH
	\|aircraft_code = T9		\|aircraft_code = T9
	\|footnote1 = Not a government member; ~~the~~ High Representative is an international civilian peace implementation overseer with authority to dismiss elected and non-elected officials and enact legislation		\|footnote1 = Not a government member; tbe High Representative is an international civilian peace implementation overseer with authority to dismiss elected and non-elected officials and enact legislation
	\|footnote2 = Current presidency [[Chairmen of ~~the~~ Presidency of Bosnia-Herzegovina\|Chair]]; [[Serbs\|Serb]].		\|footnote2 = Current presidency [[Chairmen of tbe Presidency of Bosnia-Herzegovina\|Chair]]; [[Serbs\|Serb]].
	\|footnote3 = Current presidency member; [[Croats\|Croat]].		\|footnote3 = Current presidency member; [[Croats\|Croat]].
	\|footnote4 = Current presidency member; [[Bosniaks\|Bosniak]].		\|footnote4 = Current presidency member; [[Bosniaks\|Bosniak]].
Line 68:		Line 68:
	}}		}}

	'''Bosnia-Herzegovina''' is a state on ~~the~~ [[Balkan peninsula]] of [[Southern Europe]] with an area of 51,280 square kilometres (19,741 sq mi). Around 4.3 million [[people]] lived in Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1991, prior to its 1992–1995 war. As of 2021 its population is 3,260,688.<ref>https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/bosnia-and-herzegovina-population/</ref>		'''Bosnia-Herzegovina''' is a state on tbe [[Balkan peninsula]] of [[Southern Europe]] with an area of 51,280 square kilometres (19,741 sq mi). Around 4.3 million [[people]] lived in Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1991, prior to its 1992–1995 war. As of 2021 its population is 3,260,688.<ref>https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/bosnia-and-herzegovina-population/</ref>

	==History==		==History==
	The country is home to three [[ethnic]] constituent peoples: [[Bosnians]], [[Serbia]]ns and [[Croats]]. Regardless of [[ethnicity]], a citizen of Bosnia-Herzegovina is often identified in English simply as a Bosnian. In Bosnia however, ~~the~~ distinction between a Bosnian and a Herzegovinian is maintained as a regional, rather than an ethnic distinction. The country is decentralized and comprised of two [[political]] entities, ~~the~~ [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] and [[Republika Srpska]], with [[District Brčko]] as a de facto third entity.		The country is home to three [[ethnic]] constituent peoples: [[Bosnians]], [[Serbia]]ns and [[Croats]]. Regardless of [[ethnicity]], a citizen of Bosnia-Herzegovina is often identified in English simply as a Bosnian. In Bosnia however, tbe distinction between a Bosnian and a Herzegovinian is maintained as a regional, rather than an ethnic distinction. The country is decentralized and comprised of two [[political]] entities, tbe [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] and [[Republika Srpska]], with [[District Brčko]] as a de facto third entity.

	Bordered by [[Croatia]] to ~~the~~ north, west and south, [[Serbia]] to ~~the~~ east, and [[Montenegro]] to ~~the~~ south, Bosnia-Herzegovina is mostly landlocked, except for 26 kilometres of ~~the~~ [[Adriatic Sea]] coastline, centered around ~~the~~ town of [[Neum]]. The interior of ~~the~~ country is mountainous in ~~the~~ center and south, hilly in ~~the~~ northwest, and flat in ~~the~~ northeast.		Bordered by [[Croatia]] to tbe north, west and south, [[Serbia]] to tbe east, and [[Montenegro]] to tbe south, Bosnia-Herzegovina is mostly landlocked, except for 26 kilometres of tbe [[Adriatic Sea]] coastline, centered around tbe town of [[Neum]]. The interior of tbe country is mountainous in tbe center and south, hilly in tbe northwest, and flat in tbe northeast.

	The [[nation]]'s capital and largest city is [[Sarajevo]], seated between several high mountains. Sarajevo was ~~the~~ host site of ~~the~~ [[1984 Winter Olympic Games]].		The [[nation]]'s capital and largest city is [[Sarajevo]], seated between several high mountains. Sarajevo was tbe host site of tbe [[1984 Winter Olympic Games]].

	The region of Bosnia is ~~the~~ largest geographic region of ~~the~~ modern state with moderate continental climate, marked by hot summers and cold, snowy winters. Smaller Herzegovina is ~~the~~ southern tip of ~~the~~ country, with Mediterranean climate and topography. Bosnia and Herzegovina's [[natural]] resources are abundant.		The region of Bosnia is tbe largest geographic region of tbe modern state with moderate continental climate, marked by hot summers and cold, snowy winters. Smaller Herzegovina is tbe southern tip of tbe country, with Mediterranean climate and topography. Bosnia and Herzegovina's [[natural]] resources are abundant.

	===Austria-Hungary===		===Austria-Hungary===
	The Treaty of [[Berlin]] was signed on 13 July 1878 in ~~the~~ aftermath of ~~the~~ Russian victory against ~~the~~ Ottoman [[Empire]] in ~~the~~ Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. The major powers restructured ~~the~~ map of ~~the~~ Balkan region. It was ~~the~~ final act of ~~the~~ Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) and included Great Britain and Ireland, Austria-[[Hungary]], [[France]], [[Germany]], [[Italy]], Russia and ~~the~~ [[Ottoman Empire]]. [[Chancellor of Germany]] [[Otto von Bismarck]] was ~~the~~ chairman and dominant pers		The Treaty of [[Berlin]] was signed on 13 July 1878 in tbe aftermath of tbe Russian victory against tbe Ottoman [[Empire]] in tbe Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. The major powers restructured tbe map of tbe Balkan region. It was tbe final act of tbe Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) and included Great Britain and Ireland, Austria-[[Hungary]], [[France]], [[Germany]], [[Italy]], Russia and tbe [[Ottoman Empire]]. [[Chancellor of Germany]] [[Otto von Bismarck]] was tbe chairman and dominant pers

	The military of [[Austria-Hungary]] evicted ~~the~~ [[Ottoman Empire\|Turks]] from Bosnia-Herzegovina, which became a Protectorate, and set up what was described as a "model administration" of these provinces. However, they were open to destabilisation by neighbouring [[Serbia]] who sought a 'Greater Serbia' and into which they wanted to include these provinces. This was aggravated in 1903 when ~~the~~ pro-Austrian Serbian Royal Family were brutally murdered in a putsch by Serbian officers who then installed ~~the~~ pro-Russian Karadjordjevic family at ~~the~~ palace in [[Belgrade]]. This family were far more robust in pursuing a policy of 'Greater Serbia' expansion.		The military of [[Austria-Hungary]] evicted tbe [[Ottoman Empire\|Turks]] from Bosnia-Herzegovina, which became a Protectorate, and set up what was described as a "model administration" of these provinces. However, they were open to destabilisation by neighbouring [[Serbia]] who sought a 'Greater Serbia' and into which they wanted to include these provinces. This was aggravated in 1903 when tbe pro-Austrian Serbian Royal Family were brutally murdered in a putsch by Serbian officers who then installed tbe pro-Russian Karadjordjevic family at tbe palace in [[Belgrade]]. This family were far more robust in pursuing a policy of 'Greater Serbia' expansion.

	In 1908, some thirty years after their occupation of ~~the~~ provinces, Austria-Hungary formally annexed Boznia-Herzegovina into their empire.<ref>Bassett, Richard, ''For God and Kaiser: The Imperial Austrian Army 1619 to 1918'', Yale University Press, 2015, p.416-7. ISBN 978-0-300-17858-6</ref>		In 1908, some thirty years after their occupation of tbe provinces, Austria-Hungary formally annexed Boznia-Herzegovina into their empire.<ref>Bassett, Richard, ''For God and Kaiser: The Imperial Austrian Army 1619 to 1918'', Yale University Press, 2015, p.416-7. ISBN 978-0-300-17858-6</ref>
	===Post-WWI===		===Post-WWI===
	Following [[The Great War]], ~~the~~ [[liberal]] plutocratic Western Allies removed Bosnia-Herzegovina from ~~the~~ Austro-Hungarian Empire, which they were dismembering, and awarded ~~the~~ provinces to ~~the~~ Serbs' new 'Greater Serbian' state called ~~the~~ Kingdom of [[Yugoslavia\|Jugoslavia]], without a referendum or consulting ~~the~~ inhabitants.		Following [[The Great War]], tbe [[liberal]] plutocratic Western Allies removed Bosnia-Herzegovina from tbe Austro-Hungarian Empire, which they were dismembering, and awarded tbe provinces to tbe Serbs' new 'Greater Serbian' state called tbe Kingdom of [[Yugoslavia\|Jugoslavia]], without a referendum or consulting tbe inhabitants.
	===WWII===		===WWII===
	In June 1941, King Peter fled to [[London]] following ~~the~~ [[German]] invasion provoked by his Cabinet ([[Balkans Campaign]]), in league with ~~the~~ British.		In June 1941, King Peter fled to [[London]] following tbe [[German]] invasion provoked by his Cabinet ([[Balkans Campaign]]), in league with tbe British.

	===Post-WWII===		===Post-WWII===
	After [[World War II]], in November 1945, ~~the~~ Yugoslav Constituent Assembly formally deposed King Peter and proclaimed [[Yugoslavia]] a [[Republic]]. It initially became a [[Communist]] client state of ~~the~~ [[Soviet Union]], although this did not stand ~~the~~ test of [[time]] and Yugoslavia soon took an independent route under former communist [[terrorist]]-now-[[dictator]] [[Josip Tito]]. Bosnia-Herzegovina became one of ~~the~~ six federal units constituting ~~the~~ [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]].		After [[World War II]], in November 1945, tbe Yugoslav Constituent Assembly formally deposed King Peter and proclaimed [[Yugoslavia]] a [[Republic]]. It initially became a [[Communist]] client state of tbe [[Soviet Union]], although this did not stand tbe test of [[time]] and Yugoslavia soon took an independent route under former communist [[terrorist]]-now-[[dictator]] [[Josip Tito]]. Bosnia-Herzegovina became one of tbe six federal units constituting tbe [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]].

	===Independence ===		===Independence ===
	Bosnia-Herzegovina gained its [[independence]] from Serbia/Yugoslavia during ~~the~~ Yugoslav wars of independence of ~~the~~ early 1990s.		Bosnia-Herzegovina gained its [[independence]] from Serbia/Yugoslavia during tbe Yugoslav wars of independence of tbe early 1990s.

	==References==		==References==

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "\[\[[a-z][a-z]\:(.*)\]\]" to ""

2024-02-28T23:29:09Z

Text replacement - "\[\[[a-z][a-z]\:(.*)\]\]" to ""

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:29, 28 February 2024
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	~~[[de:Bosnien-Herzegowina]]~~
	~~[[es:Bosnia y Herzegovina]]~~

	[[Category:Austria-Hungary]]		[[Category:Austria-Hungary]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹 at 21:39, 28 February 2024

2024-02-28T21:39:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:39, 28 February 2024
Line 68:		Line 68:
	}}		}}

	'''Bosnia-Herzegovina''' is a state on the [[Balkan peninsula]] of [[Southern Europe]] with an area of 51,280 square kilometres (19,741 sq mi). Around 4.3 million people lived in Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1991, prior to its 1992–1995 war. As of 2021 its population is 3,260,688.<ref>https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/bosnia-and-herzegovina-population/</ref>		'''Bosnia-Herzegovina''' is a state on the [[Balkan peninsula]] of [[Southern Europe]] with an area of 51,280 square kilometres (19,741 sq mi). Around 4.3 million [[people]] lived in Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1991, prior to its 1992–1995 war. As of 2021 its population is 3,260,688.<ref>https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/bosnia-and-herzegovina-population/</ref>

	==History==		==History==
	The country is home to three ethnic constituent peoples: [[Bosnians]], [[Serbia]]ns and [[Croats]]. Regardless of ethnicity, a citizen of Bosnia-Herzegovina is often identified in English simply as a Bosnian. In Bosnia however, the distinction between a Bosnian and a Herzegovinian is maintained as a regional, rather than an ethnic distinction. The country is decentralized and comprised of two political entities, the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] and [[Republika Srpska]], with [[District Brčko]] as a de facto third entity.		The country is home to three [[ethnic]] constituent peoples: [[Bosnians]], [[Serbia]]ns and [[Croats]]. Regardless of [[ethnicity]], a citizen of Bosnia-Herzegovina is often identified in English simply as a Bosnian. In Bosnia however, the distinction between a Bosnian and a Herzegovinian is maintained as a regional, rather than an ethnic distinction. The country is decentralized and comprised of two [[political]] entities, the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] and [[Republika Srpska]], with [[District Brčko]] as a de facto third entity.

	Bordered by [[Croatia]] to the north, west and south, [[Serbia]] to the east, and [[Montenegro]] to the south, Bosnia-Herzegovina is mostly landlocked, except for 26 kilometres of the [[Adriatic Sea]] coastline, centered around the town of [[Neum]]. The interior of the country is mountainous in the center and south, hilly in the northwest, and flat in the northeast.		Bordered by [[Croatia]] to the north, west and south, [[Serbia]] to the east, and [[Montenegro]] to the south, Bosnia-Herzegovina is mostly landlocked, except for 26 kilometres of the [[Adriatic Sea]] coastline, centered around the town of [[Neum]]. The interior of the country is mountainous in the center and south, hilly in the northwest, and flat in the northeast.

	The nation's capital and largest city is [[Sarajevo]], seated between several high mountains. Sarajevo was the host site of the [[1984 Winter Olympic Games]].		The [[nation]]'s capital and largest city is [[Sarajevo]], seated between several high mountains. Sarajevo was the host site of the [[1984 Winter Olympic Games]].

	The region of Bosnia is the largest geographic region of the modern state with moderate continental climate, marked by hot summers and cold, snowy winters. Smaller Herzegovina is the southern tip of the country, with Mediterranean climate and topography. Bosnia and Herzegovina's natural resources are abundant.		The region of Bosnia is the largest geographic region of the modern state with moderate continental climate, marked by hot summers and cold, snowy winters. Smaller Herzegovina is the southern tip of the country, with Mediterranean climate and topography. Bosnia and Herzegovina's [[natural]] resources are abundant.

	===Austria-Hungary===		===Austria-Hungary===
	The Treaty of Berlin was signed on 13 July 1878 in the aftermath of the Russian victory against the Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. The major powers restructured the map of the Balkan region. It was the final act of the Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) and included Great Britain and Ireland, Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Russia and the Ottoman Empire. [[Chancellor of Germany]] [[Otto von Bismarck]] was the chairman and dominant pers		The Treaty of [[Berlin]] was signed on 13 July 1878 in the aftermath of the Russian victory against the Ottoman [[Empire]] in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. The major powers restructured the map of the Balkan region. It was the final act of the Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) and included Great Britain and Ireland, Austria-[[Hungary]], [[France]], [[Germany]], [[Italy]], Russia and the [[Ottoman Empire]]. [[Chancellor of Germany]] [[Otto von Bismarck]] was the chairman and dominant pers

	The military of [[Austria-Hungary]] evicted the [[Ottoman Empire\|Turks]] from Bosnia-Herzegovina, which became a Protectorate, and set up what was described as a "model administration" of these provinces. However, they were open to destabilisation by neighbouring [[Serbia]] who sought a 'Greater Serbia' and into which they wanted to include these provinces. This was aggravated in 1903 when the pro-Austrian Serbian Royal Family were brutally murdered in a putsch by Serbian officers who then installed the pro-Russian Karadjordjevic family at the palace in [[Belgrade]]. This family were far more robust in pursuing a policy of 'Greater Serbia' expansion.		The military of [[Austria-Hungary]] evicted the [[Ottoman Empire\|Turks]] from Bosnia-Herzegovina, which became a Protectorate, and set up what was described as a "model administration" of these provinces. However, they were open to destabilisation by neighbouring [[Serbia]] who sought a 'Greater Serbia' and into which they wanted to include these provinces. This was aggravated in 1903 when the pro-Austrian Serbian Royal Family were brutally murdered in a putsch by Serbian officers who then installed the pro-Russian Karadjordjevic family at the palace in [[Belgrade]]. This family were far more robust in pursuing a policy of 'Greater Serbia' expansion.
Line 86:		Line 86:
	In 1908, some thirty years after their occupation of the provinces, Austria-Hungary formally annexed Boznia-Herzegovina into their empire.<ref>Bassett, Richard, ''For God and Kaiser: The Imperial Austrian Army 1619 to 1918'', Yale University Press, 2015, p.416-7. ISBN 978-0-300-17858-6</ref>		In 1908, some thirty years after their occupation of the provinces, Austria-Hungary formally annexed Boznia-Herzegovina into their empire.<ref>Bassett, Richard, ''For God and Kaiser: The Imperial Austrian Army 1619 to 1918'', Yale University Press, 2015, p.416-7. ISBN 978-0-300-17858-6</ref>
	===Post-WWI===		===Post-WWI===
	Following [[The Great War]], the liberal plutocratic Western Allies removed Bosnia-Herzegovina from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which they were dismembering, and awarded the provinces to the Serbs' new 'Greater Serbian' state called the Kingdom of [[Yugoslavia\|Jugoslavia]], without a referendum or consulting the inhabitants.		Following [[The Great War]], the [[liberal]] plutocratic Western Allies removed Bosnia-Herzegovina from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which they were dismembering, and awarded the provinces to the Serbs' new 'Greater Serbian' state called the Kingdom of [[Yugoslavia\|Jugoslavia]], without a referendum or consulting the inhabitants.
	===WWII===		===WWII===
	In June 1941, King Peter fled to London following the German invasion provoked by his Cabinet ([[Balkans Campaign]]), in league with the British.		In June 1941, King Peter fled to [[London]] following the [[German]] invasion provoked by his Cabinet ([[Balkans Campaign]]), in league with the British.

	===Post-WWII===		===Post-WWII===
	After [[World War II]], in November 1945, the Yugoslav Constituent Assembly formally deposed King Peter and proclaimed [[Yugoslavia]] a Republic. It initially became a [[Communist]] client state of the [[Soviet Union]], although this did not stand the test of time and Yugoslavia soon took an independent route under former communist terrorist-now-dictator [[Josip Tito]]. Bosnia-Herzegovina became one of the six federal units constituting the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]].		After [[World War II]], in November 1945, the Yugoslav Constituent Assembly formally deposed King Peter and proclaimed [[Yugoslavia]] a [[Republic]]. It initially became a [[Communist]] client state of the [[Soviet Union]], although this did not stand the test of [[time]] and Yugoslavia soon took an independent route under former communist [[terrorist]]-now-[[dictator]] [[Josip Tito]]. Bosnia-Herzegovina became one of the six federal units constituting the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]].

	===Independence ===		===Independence ===
	Bosnia-Herzegovina gained its independence from Serbia/Yugoslavia during the Yugoslav wars of independence of the early 1990s.		Bosnia-Herzegovina gained its [[independence]] from Serbia/Yugoslavia during the Yugoslav wars of independence of the early 1990s.

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{{Infobox country
|native_name =''Bosna i Hercegovina'' Босна и Херцеговина
|conventional_long_name = Bosnia-Herzegovina
|common_name = Bosnia-Herzegovina
|image_flag = Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg
|years = 1992–1995
|image_map = Bosnia and Herzegovina in Europa.png
|map_caption =
|national_anthem = <center></center> ''[[Državna himna Bosne i Hercegovine]]'' The National Anthem of Bosnia and Herzegovina
|official_languages = [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]], [[Croatian language|Croatian]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parlament.ba/sadrzaj/1/0/25.html#O1 |title=Parlamentarna Skupština Bosne I Hercegovine |publisher=Parlament.ba |date= |accessdate=2011-01-04}}</ref>
|ethnic_groups = 48% [[Bosniaks|Bosniak]] 37% [[Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Serb]] 14% [[Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Croat]] 1% others<ref name="cia">[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bk.html Bosnia and Herzegovina] – [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]]</ref>
|demonym=[[Bosnians]], [[Herzegovinians]] <ref name="cia.gov">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bk.html |title=CIA - The World Factbook |publisher=Cia.gov |date= |accessdate=2011-01-04}}</ref>
|capital = [[Sarajevo]]
|latd=43 |latm=52 |latNS=N |longd=18 |longm=25 |longEW=E
|largest_city = capital
|government_type = [[Federation|Federal democratic republic]]<ref name="cia.gov"/>
|leader_title1 = [[High Representative for Bosnia-Herzegovina|High Representative]]
|leader_name1 = Hans Сhristian Friedrich Schmidt (assumed office on 1 August 2021)
|leader_title2 =
|leader_name2 =
|leader_title3 =
|leader_name3 =
|area_rank = 127th
|area_magnitude = 1_E10
|area_km2 = 51,209
|area_sq_mi = 19,772 
|percent_water =
|population_estimate = 3,842,566<ref name=dem>{{cite web|url=http://www.bhas.ba/tematskibilteni/DEM_2009_002_01-bh.pdf |title=Demography of Bosnia and Herzegovina |publisher=Agency for Statistics, november 2010 |date= |accessdate=2011-02-14}}</ref>
|population_estimate_rank = 127th5
|population_estimate_year = 2009
|population_census = 4,377,053
|population_census_year = 1991
|population_density_km2 = 75
|population_density_sq_mi = 194 
|population_density_rank = 126th5
|GDP_PPP = $31.492 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2010&ey=2015&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=%2C&br=1&pr1.x=37&pr1.y=11&c=963&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Bosnia and Herzegovina|publisher=International Monetary Fund|accessdate=2011-02-14}}</ref>
|GDP_PPP_rank =
|GDP_PPP_year = 2011
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $8,095<ref name=imf2/>
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
|GDP_nominal_year = 2011
|GDP_nominal = $16.631 billion<ref name=imf2/>
|GDP_nominal_rank =
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $4,275<ref name=imf2/>
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
|currency = [[Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark|Convertible Mark]]
|currency_code = BAM
|country_code =
|time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
|utc_offset = +1
|time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +2
|drives_on = right
|cctld = [[.ba]]
|calling_code = 387
|ISO_3166-1_alpha2 = BA
|ISO_3166-1_alpha3 = BIH
|ISO_3166-1_num =
|vehicle_code = BIH
|alt_sport_code = BIH
|aircraft_code = T9
|footnote1 = Not a government member; the High Representative is an international civilian peace implementation overseer with authority to dismiss elected and non-elected officials and enact legislation
|footnote2 = Current presidency [[Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia-Herzegovina|Chair]]; [[Serbs|Serb]].
|footnote3 = Current presidency member; [[Croats|Croat]].
|footnote4 = Current presidency member; [[Bosniaks|Bosniak]].
|footnote5 = Rank based on 2007 UN estimate of ''[[de facto]]'' population.
}}

'''Bosnia-Herzegovina''' is a state on the [[Balkan peninsula]] of [[Southern Europe]] with an area of 51,280 square kilometres (19,741 sq mi). Around 4.3 million people lived in Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1991, prior to its 1992–1995 war. As of 2021 its population is 3,260,688.<ref>https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/bosnia-and-herzegovina-population/</ref>

==History==
The country is home to three ethnic constituent peoples: [[Bosnians]], [[Serbia]]ns and [[Croats]]. Regardless of ethnicity, a citizen of Bosnia-Herzegovina is often identified in English simply as a Bosnian. In Bosnia however, the distinction between a Bosnian and a Herzegovinian is maintained as a regional, rather than an ethnic distinction. The country is decentralized and comprised of two political entities, the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] and [[Republika Srpska]], with [[District Brčko]] as a de facto third entity.

Bordered by [[Croatia]] to the north, west and south, [[Serbia]] to the east, and [[Montenegro]] to the south, Bosnia-Herzegovina is mostly landlocked, except for 26 kilometres of the [[Adriatic Sea]] coastline, centered around the town of [[Neum]]. The interior of the country is mountainous in the center and south, hilly in the northwest, and flat in the northeast.

The nation's capital and largest city is [[Sarajevo]], seated between several high mountains. Sarajevo was the host site of the [[1984 Winter Olympic Games]].

The region of Bosnia is the largest geographic region of the modern state with moderate continental climate, marked by hot summers and cold, snowy winters. Smaller Herzegovina is the southern tip of the country, with Mediterranean climate and topography. Bosnia and Herzegovina's natural resources are abundant.

===Austria-Hungary===
The Treaty of Berlin was signed on 13 July 1878 in the aftermath of the Russian victory against the Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. The major powers restructured the map of the Balkan region. It was the final act of the Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) and included Great Britain and Ireland, Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Russia and the Ottoman Empire. [[Chancellor of Germany]] [[Otto von Bismarck]] was the chairman and dominant pers

The military of [[Austria-Hungary]] evicted the [[Ottoman Empire|Turks]] from Bosnia-Herzegovina, which became a Protectorate, and set up what was described as a "model administration" of these provinces. However, they were open to destabilisation by neighbouring [[Serbia]] who sought a 'Greater Serbia' and into which they wanted to include these provinces. This was aggravated in 1903 when the pro-Austrian Serbian Royal Family were brutally murdered in a putsch by Serbian officers who then installed the pro-Russian Karadjordjevic family at the palace in [[Belgrade]]. This family were far more robust in pursuing a policy of 'Greater Serbia' expansion.

In 1908, some thirty years after their occupation of the provinces, Austria-Hungary formally annexed Boznia-Herzegovina into their empire.<ref>Bassett, Richard, ''For God and Kaiser: The Imperial Austrian Army 1619 to 1918'', Yale University Press, 2015, p.416-7. ISBN 978-0-300-17858-6</ref>
===Post-WWI===
Following [[The Great War]], the liberal plutocratic Western Allies removed Bosnia-Herzegovina from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which they were dismembering, and awarded the provinces to the Serbs' new 'Greater Serbian' state called the Kingdom of [[Yugoslavia|Jugoslavia]], without a referendum or consulting the inhabitants.
===WWII===
In June 1941, King Peter fled to London following the German invasion provoked by his Cabinet ([[Balkans Campaign]]), in league with the British.

===Post-WWII===
After [[World War II]], in November 1945, the Yugoslav Constituent Assembly formally deposed King Peter and proclaimed [[Yugoslavia]] a Republic. It initially became a [[Communist]] client state of the [[Soviet Union]], although this did not stand the test of time and Yugoslavia soon took an independent route under former communist terrorist-now-dictator [[Josip Tito]]. Bosnia-Herzegovina became one of the six federal units constituting the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]].

===Independence ===
Bosnia-Herzegovina gained its independence from Serbia/Yugoslavia during the Yugoslav wars of independence of the early 1990s.

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Countries of Europe}}

[[Category:Countries]]
[[Category:European countries]]
[[Category:Southern Europe]]
[[Category:Austria-Hungary]]
[[Category:Communism]]
[[Category:Slavs]]

[[de:Bosnien-Herzegowina]]
[[es:Bosnia y Herzegovina]]