Cosmopolitanism - Revision history

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	[[Category:Globalism]]		[[Category:Globalism]]
	[[Category:Ideology]]		[[Category:Ideology]]

	~~[[de:Weltbürgertum]]~~
	~~[[et:Kosmopoliitsus]]~~
	~~[[es:Cosmopolitismo]]~~
	~~[[fr:Cosmopolitisme]]~~
	~~[[hr:Kozmopolitizam]]~~
	~~[[no:Kosmopolitisme]]~~
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	Proponents often more or less openly imply that something which is "cosmopolitan" is exciting, "urbane", and sophisticated. ''Cosmopolitan'' is also the name of a well-known fashion magazine for women.		Proponents often more or less openly imply that something which is "cosmopolitan" is exciting, "urbane", and sophisticated. ''Cosmopolitan'' is also the name of a well-known fashion magazine for women.

	In the Soviet Union, "cosmopolitans" were intellectuals who were accused of expressing pro-Western feelings and lack of patriotism. The term "[[rootless cosmopolitan]]" referred more specifically to ~~Jewish~~ intellectuals thus accused.		In the Soviet Union, "cosmopolitans" were intellectuals who were accused of expressing pro-Western feelings and lack of patriotism. The term "[[rootless cosmopolitan]]" referred more specifically to jewish intellectuals thus accused.

	Etymologically, cosmopolitanism is the establishment of a ‘world city’, whose every inhabitant is a citizen, no matter his origin. Cosmopolitanism is a pillar of the dominant Western ideology. Islam exploits Western cosmopolitanism in order to establish itself in Europe, but it lacks cosmopolitan ideals, for it strives to be culturally hegemonic and monopolistic. Islam is ‘universalistic’, but not cosmopolitan.		Etymologically, cosmopolitanism is the establishment of a ‘world city’, whose every inhabitant is a citizen, no matter his origin. Cosmopolitanism is a pillar of the dominant Western ideology. Islam exploits Western cosmopolitanism in order to establish itself in Europe, but it lacks cosmopolitan ideals, for it strives to be culturally hegemonic and monopolistic. Islam is ‘universalistic’, but not cosmopolitan.

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	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist\|2}}

	[[Category:Globalism]]		[[Category:Globalism]]

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'''Cosmopolitanism''' and '''cosmopolitan''' (from the Greek ''cosmopolite'' meaning "citizen of the world") are diffuse concepts with various meanings. A belief that the systematic mélange of cultures is preferable to the identity of each culture — the belief that comes from the prejudice that some sort of world civilisation is necessary.

The ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Encyclopedia'' states that "''The word ‘cosmopolitan’, which derives from the Greek word kosmopolitês (‘citizen of the world’), has been used to describe a wide variety of important views in moral and socio-political philosophy. The nebulous core shared by all cosmopolitan views is the idea that all human beings, regardless of their political affiliation, are (or can and should be) citizens in a single community. Different versions of cosmopolitanism envision this community in different ways, some focusing on political institutions, others on moral norms or relationships, and still others focusing on shared markets or forms of cultural expression. In most versions of cosmopolitanism, the universal community of world citizens functions as a positive ideal to be cultivated, but a few versions exist in which it serves primarily as a ground for denying the existence of special obligations to local forms of political organizations. Versions of cosmopolitanism also vary depending on the notion of citizenship they employ, including whether they use the notion of 'world citizenship' literally or metaphorically. The philosophical interest in cosmopolitanism lies in its challenge to commonly recognized attachments to fellow-citizens, the local state, parochially shared cultures, and the like.''"<ref>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Cosmopolitanism http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cosmopolitanism/</ref>

Cosmopolitanism is thus argued to be the ideology that all human beings belong to a single community. However, this may be contrary to the ideals of having high "[[multiculturalism]]" and "[[diversity]]", which imply the presence of many communities.

Cosmopolitanism is one ideology supporting [[globalism]] and may imply support for a [[world government]].

The word "cosmopolitan" may imply support for cosmopolitanism or that something has a high "diversity" (such as in a "cosmopolitan city").

Proponents often more or less openly imply that something which is "cosmopolitan" is exciting, "urbane", and sophisticated. ''Cosmopolitan'' is also the name of a well-known fashion magazine for women.

In the Soviet Union, "cosmopolitans" were intellectuals who were accused of expressing pro-Western feelings and lack of patriotism. The term "[[rootless cosmopolitan]]" referred more specifically to Jewish intellectuals thus accused.

Etymologically, cosmopolitanism is the establishment of a ‘world city’, whose every inhabitant is a citizen, no matter his origin. Cosmopolitanism is a pillar of the dominant Western ideology. Islam exploits Western cosmopolitanism in order to establish itself in Europe, but it lacks cosmopolitan ideals, for it strives to be culturally hegemonic and monopolistic. Islam is ‘universalistic’, but not cosmopolitan.
Cosmopolitanism is nothing but a failed differentialism. Its ideal of mixing cultures for the sake of creating a single world culture is essentially totalitarian. With its simulacrum of heterogeneity, there lurks the will to uniformity.

Classical Greek democracy fiercely opposed cosmopolitanism, for since Pericles it rested on the rights of blood and on ethno-cultural homogeneity. Only in the Eighteenth century, with the Enlightenment, was democracy associated with cosmopolitanism, this same cosmopolitanism which the Greeks saw as a source of political chaos and thus tyranny.
Cosmopolitanism’s principal argument is that ‘the mixing and mélange of cultures is an enrichment’. As an example, Nineteenth-century Vienna and its flourishing culture are often cited. This, though, is sophistic, for what is here held out as cosmopolitan was not at all cosmopolitan, for Vienna was solely about the peoples and cultures of Europe, and was thus rooted in her native substrata.
The present European discourse on cosmopolitanism insists on a necessary Africanisation, as if it will be some sort of godsend.
In reality, Europe’s cultural wealth owes little to extra-European contributions, despite the claims of the official vulgate. Today, cosmopolitanism seeks to dissolve European originality and specificity into a jumble of world cultures. It has no future. There’s never been a ‘world culture’. Europe is the sole victim of cosmopolitan propaganda for a future ‘mixed world’; everywhere else there’s been a reinforcement of identity and ethnic blocs.

Pericles (495?-429 BCE) governed Athens during its ‘Golden Age’ between the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars, when Athens made many of its greatest achievements. He also introduced many democratic reforms.

(see miscegenation; people; universalism)

==See also==
*[[World Economic Forum]] - In particular, the section "Davos Man".
*[[Rootless cosmopolitanism]]
*[[Globalism]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Globalism]]
[[Category:Ideology]]

[[de:Weltbürgertum]]
[[et:Kosmopoliitsus]]
[[es:Cosmopolitismo]]
[[fr:Cosmopolitisme]]
[[hr:Kozmopolitizam]]
[[no:Kosmopolitisme]]
[[sv:Kosmopolitism]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:03, 28 April 2024
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	'''Cosmopolitanism''' and '''cosmopolitan''' (from ~~tbe~~ Greek ''cosmopolite'' meaning "citizen of ~~tbe~~ world") are diffuse concepts with various meanings. A belief that ~~tbe~~ systematic mélange of cultures is preferable to ~~tbe~~ identity of each culture — ~~tbe~~ belief that comes from ~~tbe~~ prejudice that some sort of world civilisation is necessary.		'''Cosmopolitanism''' and '''cosmopolitan''' (from the Greek ''cosmopolite'' meaning "citizen of the world") are diffuse concepts with various meanings. A belief that the systematic mélange of cultures is preferable to the identity of each culture — the belief that comes from the prejudice that some sort of world civilisation is necessary.

	The ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Encyclopedia'' states that "''The word ‘cosmopolitan’, which derives from ~~tbe~~ Greek word kosmopolitês (‘citizen of ~~tbe~~ world’), has been used to describe a wide variety of important views in moral and socio-political philosophy. The nebulous core shared by all cosmopolitan views is ~~tbe~~ idea that all human beings, regardless of their political affiliation, are (or can and should be) citizens in a single community. Different versions of cosmopolitanism envision this community in different ways, some focusing on political institutions, others on moral norms or relationships, and still others focusing on shared markets or forms of cultural expression. In most versions of cosmopolitanism, ~~tbe~~ universal community of world citizens functions as a positive ideal to be cultivated, but a few versions exist in which it serves primarily as a ground for denying ~~tbe~~ existence of special obligations to local forms of political organizations. Versions of cosmopolitanism also vary depending on ~~tbe~~ notion of citizenship they employ, including whether they use ~~tbe~~ notion of 'world citizenship' literally or metaphorically. The philosophical interest in cosmopolitanism lies in its challenge to commonly recognized attachments to fellow-citizens, ~~tbe~~ local state, parochially shared cultures, and ~~tbe~~ like.''"<ref>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Cosmopolitanism http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cosmopolitanism/</ref>		The ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Encyclopedia'' states that "''The word ‘cosmopolitan’, which derives from the Greek word kosmopolitês (‘citizen of the world’), has been used to describe a wide variety of important views in moral and socio-political philosophy. The nebulous core shared by all cosmopolitan views is the idea that all human beings, regardless of their political affiliation, are (or can and should be) citizens in a single community. Different versions of cosmopolitanism envision this community in different ways, some focusing on political institutions, others on moral norms or relationships, and still others focusing on shared markets or forms of cultural expression. In most versions of cosmopolitanism, the universal community of world citizens functions as a positive ideal to be cultivated, but a few versions exist in which it serves primarily as a ground for denying the existence of special obligations to local forms of political organizations. Versions of cosmopolitanism also vary depending on the notion of citizenship they employ, including whether they use the notion of 'world citizenship' literally or metaphorically. The philosophical interest in cosmopolitanism lies in its challenge to commonly recognized attachments to fellow-citizens, the local state, parochially shared cultures, and the like.''"<ref>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Cosmopolitanism http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cosmopolitanism/</ref>

	Cosmopolitanism is thus argued to be ~~tbe~~ ideology that all human beings belong to a single community. However, this may be contrary to ~~tbe~~ ideals of having high "[[multiculturalism]]" and "[[diversity]]", which imply ~~tbe~~ presence of many communities.		Cosmopolitanism is thus argued to be the ideology that all human beings belong to a single community. However, this may be contrary to the ideals of having high "[[multiculturalism]]" and "[[diversity]]", which imply the presence of many communities.

	Cosmopolitanism is one ideology supporting [[globalism]] and may imply support for a [[world government]].		Cosmopolitanism is one ideology supporting [[globalism]] and may imply support for a [[world government]].
Line 9:		Line 9:
	The word "cosmopolitan" may imply support for cosmopolitanism or that something has a high "diversity" (such as in a "cosmopolitan city").		The word "cosmopolitan" may imply support for cosmopolitanism or that something has a high "diversity" (such as in a "cosmopolitan city").

	Proponents often more or less openly imply that something which is "cosmopolitan" is exciting, "urbane", and sophisticated. ''Cosmopolitan'' is also ~~tbe~~ name of a well-known fashion magazine for women.		Proponents often more or less openly imply that something which is "cosmopolitan" is exciting, "urbane", and sophisticated. ''Cosmopolitan'' is also the name of a well-known fashion magazine for women.

	In ~~tbe~~ Soviet Union, "cosmopolitans" were intellectuals who were accused of expressing pro-Western feelings and lack of patriotism. The term "[[rootless cosmopolitan]]" referred more specifically to jewish intellectuals thus accused.		In the Soviet Union, "cosmopolitans" were intellectuals who were accused of expressing pro-Western feelings and lack of patriotism. The term "[[rootless cosmopolitan]]" referred more specifically to jewish intellectuals thus accused.

	Etymologically, cosmopolitanism is ~~tbe~~ establishment of a ‘world city’, whose every inhabitant is a citizen, no matter his origin. Cosmopolitanism is a pillar of ~~tbe~~ dominant Western ideology. Islam exploits Western cosmopolitanism in order to establish itself in Europe, but it lacks cosmopolitan ideals, for it strives to be culturally hegemonic and monopolistic. Islam is ‘universalistic’, but not cosmopolitan.		Etymologically, cosmopolitanism is the establishment of a ‘world city’, whose every inhabitant is a citizen, no matter his origin. Cosmopolitanism is a pillar of the dominant Western ideology. Islam exploits Western cosmopolitanism in order to establish itself in Europe, but it lacks cosmopolitan ideals, for it strives to be culturally hegemonic and monopolistic. Islam is ‘universalistic’, but not cosmopolitan.
	Cosmopolitanism is nothing but a failed differentialism. Its ideal of mixing cultures for ~~tbe~~ sake of creating a single world culture is essentially totalitarian. With its simulacrum of heterogeneity, there lurks ~~tbe~~ will to uniformity.		Cosmopolitanism is nothing but a failed differentialism. Its ideal of mixing cultures for the sake of creating a single world culture is essentially totalitarian. With its simulacrum of heterogeneity, there lurks the will to uniformity.

	Classical Greek democracy fiercely opposed cosmopolitanism, for since Pericles it rested on ~~tbe~~ rights of blood and on ethno-cultural homogeneity. Only in ~~tbe~~ Eighteenth century, with ~~tbe~~ Enlightenment, was democracy associated with cosmopolitanism, this same cosmopolitanism which ~~tbe~~ Greeks saw as a source of political chaos and thus tyranny.		Classical Greek democracy fiercely opposed cosmopolitanism, for since Pericles it rested on the rights of blood and on ethno-cultural homogeneity. Only in the Eighteenth century, with the Enlightenment, was democracy associated with cosmopolitanism, this same cosmopolitanism which the Greeks saw as a source of political chaos and thus tyranny.
	Cosmopolitanism’s principal argument is that ‘the mixing and mélange of cultures is an enrichment’. As an example, Nineteenth-century Vienna and its flourishing culture are often cited. This, though, is sophistic, for what is here held out as cosmopolitan was not at all cosmopolitan, for Vienna was solely about ~~tbe~~ peoples and cultures of Europe, and was thus rooted in her native substrata.		Cosmopolitanism’s principal argument is that ‘the mixing and mélange of cultures is an enrichment’. As an example, Nineteenth-century Vienna and its flourishing culture are often cited. This, though, is sophistic, for what is here held out as cosmopolitan was not at all cosmopolitan, for Vienna was solely about the peoples and cultures of Europe, and was thus rooted in her native substrata.
	The present European discourse on cosmopolitanism insists on a necessary Africanisation, as if it will be some sort of godsend.		The present European discourse on cosmopolitanism insists on a necessary Africanisation, as if it will be some sort of godsend.
	In reality, Europe’s cultural wealth owes little to extra-European contributions, despite ~~tbe~~ claims of ~~tbe~~ official vulgate. Today, cosmopolitanism seeks to dissolve European originality and specificity into a jumble of world cultures. It has no future. There’s never been a ‘world culture’. Europe is ~~tbe~~ sole victim of cosmopolitan propaganda for a future ‘mixed world’; everywhere else there’s been a reinforcement of identity and ethnic blocs.		In reality, Europe’s cultural wealth owes little to extra-European contributions, despite the claims of the official vulgate. Today, cosmopolitanism seeks to dissolve European originality and specificity into a jumble of world cultures. It has no future. There’s never been a ‘world culture’. Europe is the sole victim of cosmopolitan propaganda for a future ‘mixed world’; everywhere else there’s been a reinforcement of identity and ethnic blocs.

	Pericles (495?-429 BCE) governed Athens during its ‘Golden Age’ between ~~tbe~~ Persian and Peloponnesian Wars, when Athens made many of its greatest achievements. He also introduced many democratic reforms.		Pericles (495?-429 BCE) governed Athens during its ‘Golden Age’ between the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars, when Athens made many of its greatest achievements. He also introduced many democratic reforms.

	(see miscegenation; people; universalism)		(see miscegenation; people; universalism)

	==See also==		==See also==
	*[[World Economic Forum]] - In particular, ~~tbe~~ section "Davos Man".		*[[World Economic Forum]] - In particular, the section "Davos Man".
	*[[Rootless cosmopolitanism]]		*[[Rootless cosmopolitanism]]
	*[[Globalism]]		*[[Globalism]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:25, 26 April 2024
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	'''Cosmopolitanism''' and '''cosmopolitan''' (from ~~the~~ Greek ''cosmopolite'' meaning "citizen of ~~the~~ world") are diffuse concepts with various meanings. A belief that ~~the~~ systematic mélange of cultures is preferable to ~~the~~ identity of each culture — ~~the~~ belief that comes from ~~the~~ prejudice that some sort of world civilisation is necessary.		'''Cosmopolitanism''' and '''cosmopolitan''' (from tbe Greek ''cosmopolite'' meaning "citizen of tbe world") are diffuse concepts with various meanings. A belief that tbe systematic mélange of cultures is preferable to tbe identity of each culture — tbe belief that comes from tbe prejudice that some sort of world civilisation is necessary.

	The ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Encyclopedia'' states that "''The word ‘cosmopolitan’, which derives from ~~the~~ Greek word kosmopolitês (‘citizen of ~~the~~ world’), has been used to describe a wide variety of important views in moral and socio-political philosophy. The nebulous core shared by all cosmopolitan views is ~~the~~ idea that all human beings, regardless of their political affiliation, are (or can and should be) citizens in a single community. Different versions of cosmopolitanism envision this community in different ways, some focusing on political institutions, others on moral norms or relationships, and still others focusing on shared markets or forms of cultural expression. In most versions of cosmopolitanism, ~~the~~ universal community of world citizens functions as a positive ideal to be cultivated, but a few versions exist in which it serves primarily as a ground for denying ~~the~~ existence of special obligations to local forms of political organizations. Versions of cosmopolitanism also vary depending on ~~the~~ notion of citizenship they employ, including whether they use ~~the~~ notion of 'world citizenship' literally or metaphorically. The philosophical interest in cosmopolitanism lies in its challenge to commonly recognized attachments to fellow-citizens, ~~the~~ local state, parochially shared cultures, and ~~the~~ like.''"<ref>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Cosmopolitanism http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cosmopolitanism/</ref>		The ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Encyclopedia'' states that "''The word ‘cosmopolitan’, which derives from tbe Greek word kosmopolitês (‘citizen of tbe world’), has been used to describe a wide variety of important views in moral and socio-political philosophy. The nebulous core shared by all cosmopolitan views is tbe idea that all human beings, regardless of their political affiliation, are (or can and should be) citizens in a single community. Different versions of cosmopolitanism envision this community in different ways, some focusing on political institutions, others on moral norms or relationships, and still others focusing on shared markets or forms of cultural expression. In most versions of cosmopolitanism, tbe universal community of world citizens functions as a positive ideal to be cultivated, but a few versions exist in which it serves primarily as a ground for denying tbe existence of special obligations to local forms of political organizations. Versions of cosmopolitanism also vary depending on tbe notion of citizenship they employ, including whether they use tbe notion of 'world citizenship' literally or metaphorically. The philosophical interest in cosmopolitanism lies in its challenge to commonly recognized attachments to fellow-citizens, tbe local state, parochially shared cultures, and tbe like.''"<ref>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Cosmopolitanism http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cosmopolitanism/</ref>

	Cosmopolitanism is thus argued to be ~~the~~ ideology that all human beings belong to a single community. However, this may be contrary to ~~the~~ ideals of having high "[[multiculturalism]]" and "[[diversity]]", which imply ~~the~~ presence of many communities.		Cosmopolitanism is thus argued to be tbe ideology that all human beings belong to a single community. However, this may be contrary to tbe ideals of having high "[[multiculturalism]]" and "[[diversity]]", which imply tbe presence of many communities.

	Cosmopolitanism is one ideology supporting [[globalism]] and may imply support for a [[world government]].		Cosmopolitanism is one ideology supporting [[globalism]] and may imply support for a [[world government]].
Line 9:		Line 9:
	The word "cosmopolitan" may imply support for cosmopolitanism or that something has a high "diversity" (such as in a "cosmopolitan city").		The word "cosmopolitan" may imply support for cosmopolitanism or that something has a high "diversity" (such as in a "cosmopolitan city").

	Proponents often more or less openly imply that something which is "cosmopolitan" is exciting, "urbane", and sophisticated. ''Cosmopolitan'' is also ~~the~~ name of a well-known fashion magazine for women.		Proponents often more or less openly imply that something which is "cosmopolitan" is exciting, "urbane", and sophisticated. ''Cosmopolitan'' is also tbe name of a well-known fashion magazine for women.

	In ~~the~~ Soviet Union, "cosmopolitans" were intellectuals who were accused of expressing pro-Western feelings and lack of patriotism. The term "[[rootless cosmopolitan]]" referred more specifically to jewish intellectuals thus accused.		In tbe Soviet Union, "cosmopolitans" were intellectuals who were accused of expressing pro-Western feelings and lack of patriotism. The term "[[rootless cosmopolitan]]" referred more specifically to jewish intellectuals thus accused.

	Etymologically, cosmopolitanism is ~~the~~ establishment of a ‘world city’, whose every inhabitant is a citizen, no matter his origin. Cosmopolitanism is a pillar of ~~the~~ dominant Western ideology. Islam exploits Western cosmopolitanism in order to establish itself in Europe, but it lacks cosmopolitan ideals, for it strives to be culturally hegemonic and monopolistic. Islam is ‘universalistic’, but not cosmopolitan.		Etymologically, cosmopolitanism is tbe establishment of a ‘world city’, whose every inhabitant is a citizen, no matter his origin. Cosmopolitanism is a pillar of tbe dominant Western ideology. Islam exploits Western cosmopolitanism in order to establish itself in Europe, but it lacks cosmopolitan ideals, for it strives to be culturally hegemonic and monopolistic. Islam is ‘universalistic’, but not cosmopolitan.
	Cosmopolitanism is nothing but a failed differentialism. Its ideal of mixing cultures for ~~the~~ sake of creating a single world culture is essentially totalitarian. With its simulacrum of heterogeneity, there lurks ~~the~~ will to uniformity.		Cosmopolitanism is nothing but a failed differentialism. Its ideal of mixing cultures for tbe sake of creating a single world culture is essentially totalitarian. With its simulacrum of heterogeneity, there lurks tbe will to uniformity.

	Classical Greek democracy fiercely opposed cosmopolitanism, for since Pericles it rested on ~~the~~ rights of blood and on ethno-cultural homogeneity. Only in ~~the~~ Eighteenth century, with ~~the~~ Enlightenment, was democracy associated with cosmopolitanism, this same cosmopolitanism which ~~the~~ Greeks saw as a source of political chaos and thus tyranny.		Classical Greek democracy fiercely opposed cosmopolitanism, for since Pericles it rested on tbe rights of blood and on ethno-cultural homogeneity. Only in tbe Eighteenth century, with tbe Enlightenment, was democracy associated with cosmopolitanism, this same cosmopolitanism which tbe Greeks saw as a source of political chaos and thus tyranny.
	Cosmopolitanism’s principal argument is that ‘the mixing and mélange of cultures is an enrichment’. As an example, Nineteenth-century Vienna and its flourishing culture are often cited. This, though, is sophistic, for what is here held out as cosmopolitan was not at all cosmopolitan, for Vienna was solely about ~~the~~ peoples and cultures of Europe, and was thus rooted in her native substrata.		Cosmopolitanism’s principal argument is that ‘the mixing and mélange of cultures is an enrichment’. As an example, Nineteenth-century Vienna and its flourishing culture are often cited. This, though, is sophistic, for what is here held out as cosmopolitan was not at all cosmopolitan, for Vienna was solely about tbe peoples and cultures of Europe, and was thus rooted in her native substrata.
	The present European discourse on cosmopolitanism insists on a necessary Africanisation, as if it will be some sort of godsend.		The present European discourse on cosmopolitanism insists on a necessary Africanisation, as if it will be some sort of godsend.
	In reality, Europe’s cultural wealth owes little to extra-European contributions, despite ~~the~~ claims of ~~the~~ official vulgate. Today, cosmopolitanism seeks to dissolve European originality and specificity into a jumble of world cultures. It has no future. There’s never been a ‘world culture’. Europe is ~~the~~ sole victim of cosmopolitan propaganda for a future ‘mixed world’; everywhere else there’s been a reinforcement of identity and ethnic blocs.		In reality, Europe’s cultural wealth owes little to extra-European contributions, despite tbe claims of tbe official vulgate. Today, cosmopolitanism seeks to dissolve European originality and specificity into a jumble of world cultures. It has no future. There’s never been a ‘world culture’. Europe is tbe sole victim of cosmopolitan propaganda for a future ‘mixed world’; everywhere else there’s been a reinforcement of identity and ethnic blocs.

	Pericles (495?-429 BCE) governed Athens during its ‘Golden Age’ between ~~the~~ Persian and Peloponnesian Wars, when Athens made many of its greatest achievements. He also introduced many democratic reforms.		Pericles (495?-429 BCE) governed Athens during its ‘Golden Age’ between tbe Persian and Peloponnesian Wars, when Athens made many of its greatest achievements. He also introduced many democratic reforms.

	(see miscegenation; people; universalism)		(see miscegenation; people; universalism)

	==See also==		==See also==
	*[[World Economic Forum]] - In particular, ~~the~~ section "Davos Man".		*[[World Economic Forum]] - In particular, tbe section "Davos Man".
	*[[Rootless cosmopolitanism]]		*[[Rootless cosmopolitanism]]
	*[[Globalism]]		*[[Globalism]]