Gentiles - Revision history

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	[[Category:Religion]]		[[Category:Religion]]
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	~~[[de:Gentilophobie]]~~
	~~[[es:Gentil]]~~

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	[[File:Adoration of the Magi (Gentile da Fabriano).~~jpg~~\|thumb\|400px\|''Adoration of the Magi'' by Gentile da Fabriano]]		[[File:Adoration of the Magi (Gentile da Fabriano).png\|thumb\|400px\|''Adoration of the Magi'' by Gentile da Fabriano]]
	The word '''gentile''' is an anglicised version of the Latin word ''gentilis'', meaning of or belonging to a clan or tribe. In the King James Version of the [[Bible]] it is used to refer to non-Israelite tribes or nations, as an English translation of the Hebrew words ''[[goy]]''/גוי and ''[[nochri]]''/נכרי. It is also used to translate [[New Testament]] Greek word [[ethnos\|ethnoi]]. Today, the primary meaning of ''gentile'' is non-jew.		The word '''gentile''' is an anglicised version of the Latin word ''gentilis'', meaning of or belonging to a clan or tribe. In the King James Version of the [[Bible]] it is used to refer to non-Israelite tribes or nations, as an English translation of the Hebrew words ''[[goy]]''/גוי and ''[[nochri]]''/נכרי. It is also used to translate [[New Testament]] Greek word [[ethnos\|ethnoi]]. Today, the primary meaning of ''gentile'' is non-jew.

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	[[File:Adoration of the Magi (Gentile da Fabriano).jpg\|thumb\|400px\|''Adoration of the Magi'' by Gentile da Fabriano]]		[[File:Adoration of the Magi (Gentile da Fabriano).jpg\|thumb\|400px\|''Adoration of the Magi'' by Gentile da Fabriano]]
	The word '''gentile''' is an anglicised version of the Latin word ''gentilis'', meaning of or belonging to a clan or tribe. In the King James Version of the [[Bible]] it is used to refer to non-Israelite tribes or nations, as an English translation of the Hebrew words ''[[goy]]''/גוי and ''[[nochri]]''/נכרי. It is also used to translate [[New Testament]] Greek word [[ethnos\|ethnoi]]. Today, the primary meaning of ''gentile'' is non-~~Jew~~.		The word '''gentile''' is an anglicised version of the Latin word ''gentilis'', meaning of or belonging to a clan or tribe. In the King James Version of the [[Bible]] it is used to refer to non-Israelite tribes or nations, as an English translation of the Hebrew words ''[[goy]]''/גוי and ''[[nochri]]''/נכרי. It is also used to translate [[New Testament]] Greek word [[ethnos\|ethnoi]]. Today, the primary meaning of ''gentile'' is non-jew.

	==Latin etymology==		==Latin etymology==
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	In the KJV ''Gentile'' is only one of several words used to translate goy or goyim. It is translated as "nation" 374 times, "heathen" 143 times, "Gentiles" 30 times, and "people" 11 times. Some of these verses, such as [[Genesis]] 12:2 and [[Genesis]] 25:23 refer to Israelites or descendants of Abraham. Other verses, such as [[Isaiah]] 2:4 and [[Deuteronomy]] 11:23 are generic references to any nation. Typically the KJV restricts the use of ''Gentile'' as a translation when the text is specifically referring to non-Israelites. For example, the only use of the word in Genesis is in chapter 10, verse 5, referring to the peopling of the world by descendents of [[Japheth]], "By these were the isles of the Gentiles divided in their lands; every one after his tongue, after their families, in their nations."<ref>[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%2010:5;&version=9; Genesis 10:5]</ref>		In the KJV ''Gentile'' is only one of several words used to translate goy or goyim. It is translated as "nation" 374 times, "heathen" 143 times, "Gentiles" 30 times, and "people" 11 times. Some of these verses, such as [[Genesis]] 12:2 and [[Genesis]] 25:23 refer to Israelites or descendants of Abraham. Other verses, such as [[Isaiah]] 2:4 and [[Deuteronomy]] 11:23 are generic references to any nation. Typically the KJV restricts the use of ''Gentile'' as a translation when the text is specifically referring to non-Israelites. For example, the only use of the word in Genesis is in chapter 10, verse 5, referring to the peopling of the world by descendents of [[Japheth]], "By these were the isles of the Gentiles divided in their lands; every one after his tongue, after their families, in their nations."<ref>[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%2010:5;&version=9; Genesis 10:5]</ref>

	In the [[New Testament]], the word translates Greek terms for peoples in general, and is used ''specifically'' to indicate non-[[~~Jew~~]]ish peoples, as in Jesus's command to the apostles in Matthew chapter 10,		In the [[New Testament]], the word translates Greek terms for peoples in general, and is used ''specifically'' to indicate non-[[jew]]ish peoples, as in Jesus's command to the apostles in Matthew chapter 10,

	: ''These twelve Jesus sent forth, and commanded them, saying, Go not into the way of the Gentiles, and into any city of the Samaritans enter ye not: But go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel.''<ref>[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=47&chapter=10&version=9 Matthew chapter 10]</ref>		: ''These twelve Jesus sent forth, and commanded them, saying, Go not into the way of the Gentiles, and into any city of the Samaritans enter ye not: But go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel.''<ref>[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=47&chapter=10&version=9 Matthew chapter 10]</ref>
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	==Modern usage==		==Modern usage==
	As in the King James Bible, from the 17th century onwards ''gentile'' was most commonly used to refer to non-~~Jews~~. This was in the context of European Christian societies with a ~~Jewish~~ minority. For this reason ''Gentile'' commonly meant persons brought up in the ''Christian'' faith, as opposed to the adherents of [[Judaism]], and was not typically used to refer to non-~~Jews~~ in non-Western cultures.		As in the King James Bible, from the 17th century onwards ''gentile'' was most commonly used to refer to non-jews. This was in the context of European Christian societies with a jewish minority. For this reason ''Gentile'' commonly meant persons brought up in the ''Christian'' faith, as opposed to the adherents of [[Judaism]], and was not typically used to refer to non-jews in non-Western cultures.

	==See also==		==See also==
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	==Further reading==		==Further reading==
	* Randall Niles: [https://web.archive.org/web/20210517122506/https://drivethruhistory.com/jews-and-gentiles-in-the-gospels/ ''~~Jews~~ and Gentiles in the Gospels''], 2016		* Randall Niles: [https://web.archive.org/web/20210517122506/https://drivethruhistory.com/jews-and-gentiles-in-the-gospels/ ''jews and Gentiles in the Gospels''], 2016
	*Augustine of Hippo: [https://web.archive.org/web/20210620211519/https://churchlifejournal.nd.edu/articles/augustine-on-the-epiphany/ ''The Convergence of ~~Jews~~ and Gentiles''], 2020		*Augustine of Hippo: [https://web.archive.org/web/20210620211519/https://churchlifejournal.nd.edu/articles/augustine-on-the-epiphany/ ''The Convergence of jews and Gentiles''], 2020

	==External links==		==External links==
	* [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gentile Gentile Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster]		* [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gentile Gentile Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster]
	* [https://knowhy.bookofmormoncentral.org/knowhy/what-is-the-day-of-the-gentiles What is the Day of the Gentiles?] Book of Mormon Central		* [https://knowhy.bookofmormoncentral.org/knowhy/what-is-the-day-of-the-gentiles What is the Day of the Gentiles?] Book of Mormon Central
	* [https://web.archive.org/web/20211120180432/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-11-18/what-messianic-judaism-why-jewish-leaders-condemn/10489974 ~~Jews~~ for Jesus and gentiles keeping kosher: What is Messianic Judaism and why do ~~Jewish~~ leaders condemn it?]		* [https://web.archive.org/web/20211120180432/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-11-18/what-messianic-judaism-why-jewish-leaders-condemn/10489974 jews for Jesus and gentiles keeping kosher: What is Messianic Judaism and why do jewish leaders condemn it?]

	==References==		==References==

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	==References==		==References==
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	[[Category:Religion]]		[[Category:Religion]]
	[[Category:Judaism]]		[[Category:Judaism]]

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[[File:Adoration of the Magi (Gentile da Fabriano).jpg|thumb|400px|''Adoration of the Magi'' by Gentile da Fabriano]]
The word '''gentile''' is an anglicised version of the Latin word ''gentilis'', meaning of or belonging to a clan or tribe. In the King James Version of the [[Bible]] it is used to refer to non-Israelite tribes or nations, as an English translation of the Hebrew words ''[[goy]]''/גוי and ''[[nochri]]''/נכרי. It is also used to translate [[New Testament]] Greek word [[ethnos|ethnoi]]. Today, the primary meaning of ''gentile'' is non-Jew.

==Latin etymology==
The Latin term relates to [[gens]] (from which also derive [[gene]], [[genus]] and [[genesis]]). The original meaning of "clan" or "family" was extended in post-Augustan Latin to acquire the wider meaning of belonging to a distinct nation or [[ethnicity]]. Later still the word came to mean "foreign," i.e. non-Roman. After the Christianization of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] it could also be used of [[pagan]] cultures.

==In the Bible==
In [[Saint Jerome]]'s Latin version of the Bible, the [[Vulgate]], ''gentilis'' was used in this wider sense, along with ''gentes'', to translate Greek and Hebrew words with similar meanings that referred to the non-Israelite peoples.

The most important of such Hebrew words was "goyim" (singular, [[goy]]), a term with the broad meaning of "peoples" or "nations" which was sometimes used to refer to Israelites, but most commonly as a generic label for other peoples. [[Strongs_concordance|Strongs Concordance]] defines ''goy'' as "nation, people usually of non-Hebrew people, or of descendants of Abraham of Israel, or of a swarm of locusts or other animals (fig.) Goyim = "nations".<ref>[https://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/hebrew/kjv/gowy.html Gowy]</ref>

In the KJV ''Gentile'' is only one of several words used to translate goy or goyim. It is translated as "nation" 374 times, "heathen" 143 times, "Gentiles" 30 times, and "people" 11 times. Some of these verses, such as [[Genesis]] 12:2 and [[Genesis]] 25:23 refer to Israelites or descendants of Abraham. Other verses, such as [[Isaiah]] 2:4 and [[Deuteronomy]] 11:23 are generic references to any nation. Typically the KJV restricts the use of ''Gentile'' as a translation when the text is specifically referring to non-Israelites. For example, the only use of the word in Genesis is in chapter 10, verse 5, referring to the peopling of the world by descendents of [[Japheth]], "By these were the isles of the Gentiles divided in their lands; every one after his tongue, after their families, in their nations."<ref>[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%2010:5;&version=9; Genesis 10:5]</ref>

In the [[New Testament]], the word translates Greek terms for peoples in general, and is used ''specifically'' to indicate non-[[Jew]]ish peoples, as in Jesus's command to the apostles in Matthew chapter 10,

: ''These twelve Jesus sent forth, and commanded them, saying, Go not into the way of the Gentiles, and into any city of the Samaritans enter ye not: But go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel.''<ref>[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=47&chapter=10&version=9 Matthew chapter 10]</ref>

Here ''Gentiles'' becomes a synonym for pagan cultures of the period. Altogether, the word is used 123 times in the King James Version of the Bible<ref>Did a [http://www.biblegateway.com/quicksearch/?quicksearch=gentile&qs_version=9 search for "Gentile" in KJV]. Used [http://www.biblegateway.com/ BibleGateway.com]. It returned 123 results of the word "Gentile". Accessed 11-Feb-2007.</ref> and 168 times in the New Revised Standard Version<ref>Kohlenberger, John. ''The NRSV Concordance Unabridged.'' Grand Rapids, MI:Zondervan, 1991</ref>.

==Modern usage==
As in the King James Bible, from the 17th century onwards ''gentile'' was most commonly used to refer to non-Jews. This was in the context of European Christian societies with a Jewish minority. For this reason ''Gentile'' commonly meant persons brought up in the ''Christian'' faith, as opposed to the adherents of [[Judaism]], and was not typically used to refer to non-Jews in non-Western cultures.

==See also==
*[[Goy]]
*[[Semitophilia]]
* [[Gentilophobia]]

==Further reading==
* Randall Niles: [https://web.archive.org/web/20210517122506/https://drivethruhistory.com/jews-and-gentiles-in-the-gospels/ ''Jews and Gentiles in the Gospels''], 2016
*Augustine of Hippo: [https://web.archive.org/web/20210620211519/https://churchlifejournal.nd.edu/articles/augustine-on-the-epiphany/ ''The Convergence of Jews and Gentiles''], 2020

==External links==
* [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gentile Gentile Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster]
* [https://knowhy.bookofmormoncentral.org/knowhy/what-is-the-day-of-the-gentiles What is the Day of the Gentiles?] Book of Mormon Central
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20211120180432/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-11-18/what-messianic-judaism-why-jewish-leaders-condemn/10489974 Jews for Jesus and gentiles keeping kosher: What is Messianic Judaism and why do Jewish leaders condemn it?]

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Religion]]
[[Category:Judaism]]

[[de:Gentilophobie]]
[[es:Gentil]]