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References

New page

'''Herbert John Burgman''' (April 17, 1894 - December 16, 1953) was an American broadcaster for [[National Socialist Germany]] during World War II. He was convicted of treason in 1949 and sentenced to imprisonment for 6 to 20 years.

==Biography==
Burgman was born in [[Hokah, Minnesota]], and served with the U.S. Army from 1918 to 1920. He was posted to Germany and served in the American zone in the [[Occupation of the Rhineland]].

In 1921 he joined the [[State Department]] in [[Berlin]] and worked as a clerk and economic statistician in the U.S. embassy to Germany.

When World War II began on December 11, 1941, he chose to remain in Germany rather than return to the U.S. with the repatriation of the embassy staff. He had married a German national in 1924, they had a son born in 1925, and by 1941 he was a committed [[National Socialist]].

During World War II Burgman broadcast for "Radio Debunk", the "Voice of All Free America" under the pseudonym Joe Scanlon.<ref>http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=DIxdEZS5ShsC&pg=PA219&lpg=PA219&dq=%22Radio+Debunk%22&source=bl&ots=qcY_v3eM_C&sig=HBCmdzAEQepn7ts40B2te0VNf_o&hl=en&ei=C-OpTPj3FdS7jAf8j6HaDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=%22Radio%20Debunk%22&f=false</ref>

==Arrest and trial==
Burgman was arrested at his home in Rumpenheim, [[Frankfurt]], in November 1945. He was then held in detention along with [[Mildred Gillars]] and [[Donald S. Day]] by the [[Counterintelligence Corps (United States Army)|Counterintelligence Corps]] at [[Camp King]], [[Oberursel]], until his conditional release on December 24, 1946.

Burgman was rearrested on the instructions of the [[United States Department of Justice|Justice Department]] on November 22, 1948, again held in military custody at Frankfurt and was returned to the United States on February 4, 1949, to face trial.<ref>http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/215793722.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Feb+5%2C+1949&author=&pub=The+Washington+Post+%281923-1954%29&edition=&startpage=1&desc=Former+Berlin+Embassy+Clerk+Here+to+Face+Treason+Charge Former Berlin Embassy Clerk Here to Face Treason Charge - The Washington Post, Feb 5, 1949</ref>

On April 1, 1949, Burgman was arraigned on 69 counts of treason at the Washington U.S. District Court. On May 9, 1949, Judge [[Henry A. Schweinhaut]] ordered that a new mental examination should be made.<ref>http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/213508072.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=May+10%2C+1949&author=&pub=The+Washington+Post+%281923-1954%29&edition=&startpage=3&desc=Court+Orders+Sanity+Test+for+Alleged+Traitor Court Orders Sanity Test for Alleged Traitor – The Washington Post, May 10, 1949</ref> Burgman was subsequently assessed as being mentally competent and his trial began on October 11, 1949,<ref>http://news.google.co.uk/newspapers?id=gVwbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=TE0EAAAAIBAJ&pg=5220,5453644&dq=herbert+burgman&hl=en Another Accused Traitor in Dock - The Pittsburgh Press, October 14, 1949</ref> with the original 69 counts of treason being reduced to 20.

The prosecution relied on the large number of his programs recorded by the [[Federal Communications Commission]] stationed in Silver Hill, Maryland to show his active participation in propaganda activities against the United States and eye witness evidence of him broadcasting for Germany.<ref>http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/213680702.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Oct+20%2C+1949&author=&pub=The+Washington+Post+%281923-1954%29&edition=&startpage=8&desc=Two+German+Women+Testify+That+Burgman+Boasted+How+Much+His+Broadcasts+Hurt+U.S. Two German Women Testify That Burgman Boasted How Much His Broadcasts Hurt U.S. – The Washington Post, Oct 20, 1949</ref>

Burgman admitted broadcasting wartime propaganda for the Germans, but his defense contended that he actions were due to mental illness.<ref>http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/213687882.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Oct+22%2C+1949&author=&pub=The+Washington+Post+%281923-1954%29&edition=&startpage=15&desc=%27Mentally+Ill%27+Plea+Pressed+By+Burgman 'Mentally Ill' Plea Pressed By Burgman – The Washington Post, Oct 22, 1949</ref><ref>http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/216182882.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Nov+1%2C+1949&author=&pub=The+Washington+Post+%281923-1954%29&edition=&startpage=4&desc=Burgman%27s+Insane+Acts+Told+by+Wife Burgman's Insane Acts Told by Wife - The Washington Post, Nov 1, 1949</ref> It was also argued that he made his broadcasts in fear of the [[Gestapo]].<ref>http://news.google.co.uk/newspapers?id=qZAuAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ipkFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4521,4279675&dq=burgman+gestapo&hl=en TRAITOR GIVEN 6 TO 20 YEARS - The Montreal Gazette, December 29, 1949</ref>
Burgman had a heart attack during his trial and appeared in a wheelchair at some of the proceedings.<ref>http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,856368,00.html TREASON: No. 12 – TIME Magazine Nov. 28, 1949</ref>

He was convicted of 13 acts of treason on November 15, 1949.<ref>http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/216190782.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Nov+16%2C+1949&author=By+Bill+Brinkley+and+Joseph+Paull+Post+Reporters&pub=The+Washington+Post+%281923-1954%29&edition=&startpage=1&desc=Burgman+Guilty+of+Treason%3B+Jury+Out+Nearly+Five+Hours Burgman Guilty of Treason; Jury Out Nearly Five Hours - The Washington Post, Nov 16, 1949</ref>

A motion for a new trial was rejected on December 15, 1949<ref>http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/213813812.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Dec+16%2C+1949&author=&pub=The+Washington+Post+%281923-1954%29&edition=&startpage=3&desc=Court+Bars+New+Trial+For+Burgman Court Bars New Trial For Burgman - The Washington Post, Dec 16, 1949</ref> and on December 20, 1949, Judge [[Alexander Holtzoff]] sentenced Burgman to imprisonment for 6 to 20 years.<ref>http://news.google.co.uk/newspapers?id=TV4iAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZqoFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2964,2433917&dq=herbert+burgman&hl=en Burgman Is Sentenced To Prison As Traitor - The Owosso Argus-Press, December 20, 1949</ref>

On Feb 8, 1951, the use of electrical transcriptions of his wartime broadcasts in his treason trial was upheld by the [[U.S. Court of Appeals]].<ref>http://openjurist.org/188/f2d/637/burgman-v-united-states BURGMAN
v. UNITED STATES. 188 F.2d 637</ref>

==Death==

Burgman served his sentence at the [[federal prison]] in [[Lewisburg, Pennsylvania]].
His health deteriorated and on May 12, 1952, he was transferred to the [[Medical Center for Federal Prisoners]] in [[Springfield, Missouri|Springfield]], [[Missouri]].

He died there of acute [[pulmonary edema]] due to heart disease on December 16, 1953.<ref>http://www.sos.mo.gov/images/archives/deathcerts/1953/1953_00042600.PDF?debugMode=false&numberMarked=0</ref>

==References==
<references/>

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Burgman, Herbert John
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = April 17, 1894
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = December 16, 1953
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Burgman, Herbert John}}
[[Category:1894 births]]
[[Category:1953 deaths]]
[[Category:World War II]]
[[Category:Axis broadcasters]]

{{Wikipedia}}