Ion Antonescu - Revision history

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹 at 02:08, 7 March 2024

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	~~[[es:Ion Antonescu]]~~

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	~~[[de:Antonescu, Ion]]~~
	[[es:Ion Antonescu]]		[[es:Ion Antonescu]]

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	'''Ion Victor Antonescu''' (14<ref>Dennis Deletant: ''Hitler's Forgotten Ally – Ion Antonescu and His Regime, Romania, 1940–1944'', Palgrave Macmillan, London 2006, p. 37</ref> or 15<ref>Nina Maria Horbath: [file:///C:/Users/AJV/Downloads/33798.pdf ''~~Holocaust~~ und Vergangenheitspolitik in Rumänien''], 2015, p. 20</ref> June 1882 – 1 June 1946) was a [[Romania]]n military officer who had served in [[World War I]], a [[general]], and then a [[Field Marshall\|marshal]] (''mareșal''<ref>''Mareșal'' (marshal) is the highest rank in the Army of Romania, the Romanian Armed Forces. It is the equivalent of a [[field marshal]] in other countries.</ref> since 23 August 1941), who was Prime Minister and ''Conducător'' of [[Romania]] during most of [[World War II]].		'''Ion Victor Antonescu''' (14<ref>Dennis Deletant: ''Hitler's Forgotten Ally – Ion Antonescu and His Regime, Romania, 1940–1944'', Palgrave Macmillan, London 2006, p. 37</ref> or 15<ref>Nina Maria Horbath: [file:///C:/Users/AJV/Downloads/33798.pdf ''Holohoax und Vergangenheitspolitik in Rumänien''], 2015, p. 20</ref> June 1882 – 1 June 1946) was a [[Romania]]n military officer who had served in [[World War I]], a [[general]], and then a [[Field Marshall\|marshal]] (''mareșal''<ref>''Mareșal'' (marshal) is the highest rank in the Army of Romania, the Romanian Armed Forces. It is the equivalent of a [[field marshal]] in other countries.</ref> since 23 August 1941), who was Prime Minister and ''Conducător'' of [[Romania]] during most of [[World War II]].

	==Life==		==Life==
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	*[https://codoh.com/library/document/2156/?lang=en The Legionary Movement in Romania]		*[https://codoh.com/library/document/2156/?lang=en The Legionary Movement in Romania]
	*[https://codoh.com/library/document/3913/?lang=en To the Abattoir, Investigating the Legionary Rebellion of January 21-23, 1941]		*[https://codoh.com/library/document/3913/?lang=en To the Abattoir, Investigating the Legionary Rebellion of January 21-23, 1941]
	*[https://codoh.com/library/document/2015/?lang=en Romanians and the ~~Holocaust~~]		*[https://codoh.com/library/document/2015/?lang=en Romanians and the Holohoax]

	=== Encyclopedias ===		=== Encyclopedias ===

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	{{Infobox person\|		{{Infobox person\|
	\|name = Ion Antonescu		\|name = Ion Antonescu
	\|image = [[File:Ion Victor Antonescu II.~~jpg~~\|300px\|]]		\|image = [[File:Ion Victor Antonescu II.png\|300px\|]]
	\|caption = Marshal Antonescu		\|caption = Marshal Antonescu
	\|born = 15 June 1882<br>[[Piteşti]], [[Wallachia]], [[Romania]]		\|born = 15 June 1882<br>[[Piteşti]], [[Wallachia]], [[Romania]]
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	==Life==		==Life==
	[[File:Romania's Antonescu.~~jpg~~\|right\|310px]]		[[File:Romania's Antonescu.png\|right\|310px]]
	Ion Victor Antonescu was born in Piteşti, Romania, near [[Bucharest]] in 1882. Antonescu came from a military background and was dedicated in his work, serving early on in the [[Second Balkan War]]. When Romania entered [[World War I]] on the side of the [[Triple Entente]], he was involved in decision-making for the Romanian campaign. They were defeated and signed the [[Treaty of Bucharest (1918)\|Treaty of Bucharest]] on 7 May [O.S. 25 April] 1918 and it was ratified by the Chamber of Deputies on June 28th and by the Senate on 4 July 1918. However, King Ferdinand refused to sign or promulgate it.		Ion Victor Antonescu was born in Piteşti, Romania, near [[Bucharest]] in 1882. Antonescu came from a military background and was dedicated in his work, serving early on in the [[Second Balkan War]]. When Romania entered [[World War I]] on the side of the [[Triple Entente]], he was involved in decision-making for the Romanian campaign. They were defeated and signed the [[Treaty of Bucharest (1918)\|Treaty of Bucharest]] on 7 May [O.S. 25 April] 1918 and it was ratified by the Chamber of Deputies on June 28th and by the Senate on 4 July 1918. However, King Ferdinand refused to sign or promulgate it.

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	Of the establishment of the National Legionary State, Horia Sima said in his book ''Era Libertaţii - Statul naţional-Legionar'' ("Freedom - National Legionary State", vol.1) that "Rarely in our people's history has there been experienced a moment of collective exaltation of impressive enthusiasm as that of the popular masses after the expulsion [''sic''] of King Carol from the country. You cannot even compare the intensity of national sentiment with that rush of joy in the annexed provinces, when the Union of 1918 was formed."<ref name="Sima Freedom National Legionary State"/>		Of the establishment of the National Legionary State, Horia Sima said in his book ''Era Libertaţii - Statul naţional-Legionar'' ("Freedom - National Legionary State", vol.1) that "Rarely in our people's history has there been experienced a moment of collective exaltation of impressive enthusiasm as that of the popular masses after the expulsion [''sic''] of King Carol from the country. You cannot even compare the intensity of national sentiment with that rush of joy in the annexed provinces, when the Union of 1918 was formed."<ref name="Sima Freedom National Legionary State"/>

	Sima and Antonescu then proceeded to nationalise the Romanian national economy, trade, industry, and mass media, where [[~~Jewish~~ influence]] had been very large.<ref> Sima, Horia. [http://www.horiasima.ro/carti/Sfarsitul%20unei%20domnii%20sangeroase.html ''Sfarşitul unei domnii sângeroase''] ("The End of a Bloody Reign"). Editura "Miscarii Legionare", Madrid, 1977. </ref> See also [[~~Jewish_influence~~#Romania\|~~Jewish~~ influence: Romania]].		Sima and Antonescu then proceeded to nationalise the Romanian national economy, trade, industry, and mass media, where [[jewish influence]] had been very large.<ref> Sima, Horia. [http://www.horiasima.ro/carti/Sfarsitul%20unei%20domnii%20sangeroase.html ''Sfarşitul unei domnii sângeroase''] ("The End of a Bloody Reign"). Editura "Miscarii Legionare", Madrid, 1977. </ref> See also [[jewish_influence#Romania\|jewish influence: Romania]].

	===Joining the Axis===		===Joining the Axis===

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	===Rise to Power===		===Rise to Power===
	In 1927, [[Corneliu Zelea Codreanu]] had created an [[anti-semetic]] and highly religious [[Christian]] [[~~nationalist~~]] organization known as the [[Archangel Michael Legion\|Legion of Michael the Archangel]] (also known as the [[Iron Guard]]), which was determined to create a permanent spiritual and ultimately political revolution in Romania. Throughout the 1930s, in the face of strong oppression from the government the Legionary Movement grew larger and larger. In February 1938, King [[Carol II of Romania\|Carol]] changed the Romanian Constitution and established himself as a quasi-dictator, ruling with his Minister Armand Calinescu. In March of that year, Codreanu was imprisoned in unfair and biased trials and in a few months murdered by order of Calinescu.<ref name="Ronnett and Bradescu Legionary Movement Romania"> Ronnett, Alexander E. and Bradescu, Faust. [http://www.vho.org/GB/Journals/JHR/7/2/RonnettBradescu193-228.html "The Legionary Movement in Romania."] ''The Journal of Historical Review'', vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 193-228. </ref>		In 1927, [[Corneliu Zelea Codreanu]] had created an [[anti-semetic]] and highly religious [[Christian]] [[fascist]] organization known as the [[Archangel Michael Legion\|Legion of Michael the Archangel]] (also known as the [[Iron Guard]]), which was determined to create a permanent spiritual and ultimately political revolution in Romania. Throughout the 1930s, in the face of strong oppression from the government the Legionary Movement grew larger and larger. In February 1938, King [[Carol II of Romania\|Carol]] changed the Romanian Constitution and established himself as a quasi-dictator, ruling with his Minister Armand Calinescu. In March of that year, Codreanu was imprisoned in unfair and biased trials and in a few months murdered by order of Calinescu.<ref name="Ronnett and Bradescu Legionary Movement Romania"> Ronnett, Alexander E. and Bradescu, Faust. [http://www.vho.org/GB/Journals/JHR/7/2/RonnettBradescu193-228.html "The Legionary Movement in Romania."] ''The Journal of Historical Review'', vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 193-228. </ref>

	After the fall of [[France]] in June 1940, King Carol's policy changed towards re-alignment with Germany in the hope of gaining German guarantees for Romania. He was however not aware of the secret clauses of the Ribbentrop-Molotov pact between Germany and the Soviet Union that would see [[Romania]] lose significant parts of its territory. So-called Greater Romania was now fragmented by the enforced ceding of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the USSR, Northern Transylvania to Hungary and southern Dobruja to Bulgaria. Although after which, a German guarantee was finally achieved, the situation had a disastrous effect on the reputation of Carol II. The reorientation of Romania's foreign policy towards Germany, however, would not prevent his regime from collapsing, and he was forced to abdicate by General Ion Antonescu, the newly appointed (September 4th) Prime Minister. Carol was again succeeded by his son King [[Michael I of Romania\|Michael]].		After the fall of [[France]] in June 1940, King Carol's policy changed towards re-alignment with Germany in the hope of gaining German guarantees for Romania. He was however not aware of the secret clauses of the Ribbentrop-Molotov pact between Germany and the Soviet Union that would see [[Romania]] lose significant parts of its territory. So-called Greater Romania was now fragmented by the enforced ceding of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the USSR, Northern Transylvania to Hungary and southern Dobruja to Bulgaria. Although after which, a German guarantee was finally achieved, the situation had a disastrous effect on the reputation of Carol II. The reorientation of Romania's foreign policy towards Germany, however, would not prevent his regime from collapsing, and he was forced to abdicate by General Ion Antonescu, the newly appointed (September 4th) Prime Minister. Carol was again succeeded by his son King [[Michael I of Romania\|Michael]].

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