Ku Klux Klan - Revision history

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	[[File:Brotherhood of Klans (BOK).~~jpg~~\|thumb\|300px\|Brotherhood of Klans (BOK) in the 21st century]]		[[File:Brotherhood of Klans (BOK).png\|thumb\|300px\|Brotherhood of Klans (BOK) in the 21st century]]
	The '''Ku Klux Klan''' (sometimes known as the '''Invisible Empire''', the '''KKK''', or '''The Klan''') is a name which has been used by a wide variety of [[fascist]], [[racialist]] organizations representing several different eras from the [[19th century]] onwards in the [[United States]] and [[Canada]].		The '''Ku Klux Klan''' (sometimes known as the '''Invisible Empire''', the '''KKK''', or '''The Klan''') is a name which has been used by a wide variety of [[fascist]], [[racialist]] organizations representing several different eras from the [[19th century]] onwards in the [[United States]] and [[Canada]].

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	==History==		==History==
	[[File:Nathan Bedford Forrest.~~jpg~~\|thumb\|300px\|Nathan Bedford Forrest]]		[[File:Nathan Bedford Forrest.png\|thumb\|300px\|Nathan Bedford Forrest]]
	The [[Ku Klux Klan (1866-1877)\|first Klan]] originated during [[1866]] as a guerrilla band of former [[Confederate States of America\|Confederates]], following the [[American Civil War]]. The "[[Radical Republicans]]" during [[Reconstruction (American History)\|Reconstruction]] had attempted to undermine [[European American]] hegemony in [[the South]]. All subsequent Klans have been similar by supporting [[racialism]] and American-[[nationalism]] in varying degrees. Only the first Klan (1860s-1870s) routinely used political terror to achieve its aims. Observers have divided the history of the Klan into five "Eras". The Klan’s permanent motto is "Today, Tomorrow, and Forever."<ref>''The Ku Klux Klan and Related American Racialist and Antisemitic Organizations'', by Chester L. Quarles, page 9</ref> Two important individuals involved in the founding of the original Klan were Confederate generals [[Nathan Bedford Forrest]] and [[Albert Pike]], a high-degree [[freemason]].		The [[Ku Klux Klan (1866-1877)\|first Klan]] originated during [[1866]] as a guerrilla band of former [[Confederate States of America\|Confederates]], following the [[American Civil War]]. The "[[Radical Republicans]]" during [[Reconstruction (American History)\|Reconstruction]] had attempted to undermine [[European American]] hegemony in [[the South]]. All subsequent Klans have been similar by supporting [[racialism]] and American-[[nationalism]] in varying degrees. Only the first Klan (1860s-1870s) routinely used political terror to achieve its aims. Observers have divided the history of the Klan into five "Eras". The Klan’s permanent motto is "Today, Tomorrow, and Forever."<ref>''The Ku Klux Klan and Related American Racialist and Antisemitic Organizations'', by Chester L. Quarles, page 9</ref> Two important individuals involved in the founding of the original Klan were Confederate generals [[Nathan Bedford Forrest]] and [[Albert Pike]], a high-degree [[freemason]].

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	===Second Era (1915-1944)===		===Second Era (1915-1944)===
	{{main\|Invisible Empire, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan}}		{{main\|Invisible Empire, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan}}
	[[File:Mitglieder bei einer Klan-Zeremonie 1920 vor der Library of Congress in Washington.~~jpg~~\|thumb\|300px\|Admission of new members at a Klan ceremony in 1920 in front of the Library of Congress in Washington]]		[[File:Mitglieder bei einer Klan-Zeremonie 1920 vor der Library of Congress in Washington.png\|thumb\|300px\|Admission of new members at a Klan ceremony in 1920 in front of the Library of Congress in Washington]]
	[[File:In 1925, 40,000 KKK men marched through Washington D.C..~~jpg~~\|thumb\|300px\|In 1925, 40,000 KKK men marched through Washington D.C.; in this year, the KKK had over 4 million members.]]		[[File:In 1925, 40,000 KKK men marched through Washington D.C..png\|thumb\|300px\|In 1925, 40,000 KKK men marched through Washington D.C.; in this year, the KKK had over 4 million members.]]
	====Birth of the Second Klan====		====Birth of the Second Klan====
	On 4 December [[1915]], [[William Joseph Simmons]] founded the second Ku Klux Klan which happened to be timed with the release of the now clasic silent film ''[[Birth of a Nation]]''. Simmons was a preacher and [[Freemason]], who was a member of dozen fraternal groups and two churches. The day before [[Thanksgiving]] in 1915, Simmons and 15 charter members lit a cross on [[Stone Mountain, Georgia]], inaugurating the revived Klan.		On 4 December [[1915]], [[William Joseph Simmons]] founded the second Ku Klux Klan which happened to be timed with the release of the now clasic silent film ''[[Birth of a Nation]]''. Simmons was a preacher and [[Freemason]], who was a member of dozen fraternal groups and two churches. The day before [[Thanksgiving]] in 1915, Simmons and 15 charter members lit a cross on [[Stone Mountain, Georgia]], inaugurating the revived Klan.
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	===Fourth Era (1974-1981)===		===Fourth Era (1974-1981)===
	[[File:David Ernest Duke in London, 1978.~~jpg~~\|thumb\|300px\|[[David Ernest Duke]] in London, 1978]]		[[File:David Ernest Duke in London, 1978.png\|thumb\|300px\|[[David Ernest Duke]] in London, 1978]]
	In the 1970s, [[discrimination]] against [[White Americans]] had become enshrined into American law with government enforced [[affirmative action]]. In 1975, [[David Duke]] of Louisiana founded the [[Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (1974)\|Knights of The Ku Klux Klan]] and began to rebuild the Klan as a national White civil rights organization. Other Klan groups emerged across the South such as the 5,000-member [[Carolina Knights of the Ku Klux Klan]] led by [[Glenn Miller]]. The Carolinia Knights later became the [[White Patriot Party]].		In the 1970s, [[discrimination]] against [[White Americans]] had become enshrined into American law with government enforced [[affirmative action]]. In 1975, [[David Duke]] of Louisiana founded the [[Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (1974)\|Knights of The Ku Klux Klan]] and began to rebuild the Klan as a national White civil rights organization. Other Klan groups emerged across the South such as the 5,000-member [[Carolina Knights of the Ku Klux Klan]] led by [[Glenn Miller]]. The Carolinia Knights later became the [[White Patriot Party]].

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	===Fifth Era (1981-present)===		===Fifth Era (1981-present)===
	[[File:KKK, 2013.~~jpg~~\|thumb\|300px\|KKK, 2013]]		[[File:KKK, 2013.png\|thumb\|300px\|KKK, 2013]]
	[[Robert E. Miles]] lays out his ideas for the Fifth Era of Ku Klux Klan in his book ''33/5''. [[Louis Beam]] formulates his strategy of "[[Leaderless Resistance]]".		[[Robert E. Miles]] lays out his ideas for the Fifth Era of Ku Klux Klan in his book ''33/5''. [[Louis Beam]] formulates his strategy of "[[Leaderless Resistance]]".

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	~~[[Category:Confederate States of America]]~~
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	====American Nationalism====		====American Nationalism====
	The new Klan filled a political vacuum in the USA very quickly: American nationalism. The new Klan called for "100% [[Americanism]]", standing in opposition to rising [[~~Jew~~]]ish and [[Roman Catholic]] political power in the USA. A joke in the early 1920s claimed "KKK" really stood for "Katholics, Kikes, and Koons": The group's opponents.		The new Klan filled a political vacuum in the USA very quickly: American nationalism. The new Klan called for "100% [[Americanism]]", standing in opposition to rising [[jew]]ish and [[Roman Catholic]] political power in the USA. A joke in the early 1920s claimed "KKK" really stood for "Katholics, Kikes, and Koons": The group's opponents.

	====1920s: Peak of Power====		====1920s: Peak of Power====
	By the early 1920s, the organization had an estimated 4–5 million members. Of these some 40,000 fundamentalist ministers were members.<ref>''Encyclopedia of Right-Wing Extremism In Modern American History'', By [[Stephen E. Atkins]], page 8</ref> Michigan had the largest number in 1921, with 875,000.<ref>''Henry Ford and the ~~Jews~~: The Mass Production of Hate'', By Neil Baldwin, page 94</ref> In 1922, internal bickering forced Simmons out of the organization. He was replaced by [[Hiram Wesley Evans]]. Evens moved the Klan headquarters from Atlanta to Washington D.C. in 1924. On 13 September [[1926]] the Klan held a parade where 40,000 robed Klansmen marched down Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington carrying American flags.		By the early 1920s, the organization had an estimated 4–5 million members. Of these some 40,000 fundamentalist ministers were members.<ref>''Encyclopedia of Right-Wing Extremism In Modern American History'', By [[Stephen E. Atkins]], page 8</ref> Michigan had the largest number in 1921, with 875,000.<ref>''Henry Ford and the jews: The Mass Production of Hate'', By Neil Baldwin, page 94</ref> In 1922, internal bickering forced Simmons out of the organization. He was replaced by [[Hiram Wesley Evans]]. Evens moved the Klan headquarters from Atlanta to Washington D.C. in 1924. On 13 September [[1926]] the Klan held a parade where 40,000 robed Klansmen marched down Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington carrying American flags.

	The 1920s-Klan helped elect fascist, isolationist Republican candidates in the 1920, 1924, and 1928 elections. Republican President [[Warren Harding]] was alleged to have been inducted into the Klan in the White House in a secret ceremony.		The 1920s-Klan helped elect fascist, isolationist Republican candidates in the 1920, 1924, and 1928 elections. Republican President [[Warren Harding]] was alleged to have been inducted into the Klan in the White House in a secret ceremony.

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	* [[Black Legion]]		* [[Black Legion]]
	* [[Whitecaps]]		* [[Whitecaps]]
	* [[Lineage of American ~~Nationalist~~ organizations and individuals]]		* [[Lineage of American Fascist organizations and individuals]]

	==External links==		==External links==

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	[[File:Brotherhood of Klans (BOK).jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Brotherhood of Klans (BOK) in the 21st century]]		[[File:Brotherhood of Klans (BOK).jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Brotherhood of Klans (BOK) in the 21st century]]
	The '''Ku Klux Klan''' (sometimes known as the '''Invisible Empire''', the '''KKK''', or '''The Klan''') is a name which has been used by a wide variety of [[~~nationalist~~]], [[racialist]] organizations representing several different eras from the [[19th century]] onwards in the [[United States]] and [[Canada]].		The '''Ku Klux Klan''' (sometimes known as the '''Invisible Empire''', the '''KKK''', or '''The Klan''') is a name which has been used by a wide variety of [[fascist]], [[racialist]] organizations representing several different eras from the [[19th century]] onwards in the [[United States]] and [[Canada]].

	The Ku Klux Klan existed during the [[Reconstruction era]] and opposed [[anti-White]] reconstruction policies. The first organization using the name was initially organized as a social club by Confederate veterans, apparently deriving the name from the Greek word "kyklos" ("circle", in the sense of organization), with “Klan” was added for the alliteration (repetition of identical initial consonant sound) effect. It developed into a political and larger organization (sometimes known as the "Invisible Empire of the South") with a descending hierarchy including grand dragons, grand titans, and grand cyclopses. Dressed in white robes and sheets designed to frighten superstitious Blacks and to prevent identification, Klansmen sometimes used violence against Black freedmen and their White supporters in nighttime raids. The Confederate cavalry general [[Nathan Bedford Forrest]] is believed to have been the first grand wizard, but ordered it disbanded in 1869, largely as a result of the violence. Some local organizations remained active for a time, causing various counter-measures, but the Reconstruction era ended due to non-violent judicial and political actions.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ku-Klux-Klan Ku Klux Klan]</ref>		The Ku Klux Klan existed during the [[Reconstruction era]] and opposed [[anti-White]] reconstruction policies. The first organization using the name was initially organized as a social club by Confederate veterans, apparently deriving the name from the Greek word "kyklos" ("circle", in the sense of organization), with “Klan” was added for the alliteration (repetition of identical initial consonant sound) effect. It developed into a political and larger organization (sometimes known as the "Invisible Empire of the South") with a descending hierarchy including grand dragons, grand titans, and grand cyclopses. Dressed in white robes and sheets designed to frighten superstitious Blacks and to prevent identification, Klansmen sometimes used violence against Black freedmen and their White supporters in nighttime raids. The Confederate cavalry general [[Nathan Bedford Forrest]] is believed to have been the first grand wizard, but ordered it disbanded in 1869, largely as a result of the violence. Some local organizations remained active for a time, causing various counter-measures, but the Reconstruction era ended due to non-violent judicial and political actions.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ku-Klux-Klan Ku Klux Klan]</ref>
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	By the early 1920s, the organization had an estimated 4–5 million members. Of these some 40,000 fundamentalist ministers were members.<ref>''Encyclopedia of Right-Wing Extremism In Modern American History'', By [[Stephen E. Atkins]], page 8</ref> Michigan had the largest number in 1921, with 875,000.<ref>''Henry Ford and the Jews: The Mass Production of Hate'', By Neil Baldwin, page 94</ref> In 1922, internal bickering forced Simmons out of the organization. He was replaced by [[Hiram Wesley Evans]]. Evens moved the Klan headquarters from Atlanta to Washington D.C. in 1924. On 13 September [[1926]] the Klan held a parade where 40,000 robed Klansmen marched down Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington carrying American flags.		By the early 1920s, the organization had an estimated 4–5 million members. Of these some 40,000 fundamentalist ministers were members.<ref>''Encyclopedia of Right-Wing Extremism In Modern American History'', By [[Stephen E. Atkins]], page 8</ref> Michigan had the largest number in 1921, with 875,000.<ref>''Henry Ford and the Jews: The Mass Production of Hate'', By Neil Baldwin, page 94</ref> In 1922, internal bickering forced Simmons out of the organization. He was replaced by [[Hiram Wesley Evans]]. Evens moved the Klan headquarters from Atlanta to Washington D.C. in 1924. On 13 September [[1926]] the Klan held a parade where 40,000 robed Klansmen marched down Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington carrying American flags.

	The 1920s-Klan helped elect ~~nationalist~~, isolationist Republican candidates in the 1920, 1924, and 1928 elections. Republican President [[Warren Harding]] was alleged to have been inducted into the Klan in the White House in a secret ceremony.		The 1920s-Klan helped elect fascist, isolationist Republican candidates in the 1920, 1924, and 1928 elections. Republican President [[Warren Harding]] was alleged to have been inducted into the Klan in the White House in a secret ceremony.

	Its greatest legacy was helping to pass an immigration restriction law in the early 1920s, made permanent in 1924. (Repealed in 1965).		Its greatest legacy was helping to pass an immigration restriction law in the early 1920s, made permanent in 1924. (Repealed in 1965).

	Many Whites in foreign countries, inspired by the Klan's message of ~~nationalist~~-[[patriotism]], developed branches overseas. [http://www.kkklan.com/foreignklan.htm]		Many Whites in foreign countries, inspired by the Klan's message of fascist-[[patriotism]], developed branches overseas. [http://www.kkklan.com/foreignklan.htm]

	====Decline and Persecution by Roosevelt====		====Decline and Persecution by Roosevelt====

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	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist\|2}}

	[[Category:Ku Klux Klan\| ]]		[[Category:Ku Klux Klan\| ]]