Lithuania - Revision history

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "Category:Eastern Europe" to "Category:Europe"

2024-03-11T00:43:45Z

Text replacement - "Category:Eastern Europe" to "Category:Europe"

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:43, 10 March 2024
Line 175:		Line 175:
	[[Category:Nations]]		[[Category:Nations]]
	[[Category:Nations]]		[[Category:Nations]]
	[[Category:~~Eastern~~ Europe]]		[[Category:Europe]]
	[[Category:European history]]		[[Category:European history]]
	[[Category:Revanchism]]		[[Category:Revanchism]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "\[\[[a-z][a-z]\:(.*)\]\]" to ""

2024-02-29T11:53:13Z

Text replacement - "\[\[[a-z][a-z]\:(.*)\]\]" to ""

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:53, 29 February 2024
Line 178:		Line 178:
	[[Category:European history]]		[[Category:European history]]
	[[Category:Revanchism]]		[[Category:Revanchism]]



	~~[[es:Lituania]]~~

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "\[\[de:(.*)\]\]" to ""

2024-02-29T06:30:29Z

Text replacement - "\[\[de:(.*)\]\]" to ""

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:30, 28 February 2024
Line 180:		Line 180:


	~~[[de:Litauen]]~~
	[[es:Lituania]]		[[es:Lituania]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "Category:European countries" to "Category:Nations"

2024-02-22T22:07:16Z

Text replacement - "Category:European countries" to "Category:Nations"

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:07, 22 February 2024
Line 174:		Line 174:
	[[Category:Lithuania]]		[[Category:Lithuania]]
	[[Category:Nations]]		[[Category:Nations]]
	[[Category:~~European countries~~]]		[[Category:Nations]]
	[[Category:Eastern Europe]]		[[Category:Eastern Europe]]
	[[Category:European history]]		[[Category:European history]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "\[\[Category(.) of (.)\]\]" to ""

2024-02-22T01:53:56Z

Text replacement - "\[\[Category(.*) of (.*)\]\]" to ""

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:53, 21 February 2024
Line 178:		Line 178:
	[[Category:European history]]		[[Category:European history]]
	[[Category:Revanchism]]		[[Category:Revanchism]]
	~~[[Category:States with no freedom of speech rights]]~~

	[[de:Litauen]]		[[de:Litauen]]
	[[es:Lituania]]		[[es:Lituania]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "Jew" to "jew"

2024-02-21T01:31:23Z

Text replacement - "Jew" to "jew"

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:31, 20 February 2024
Line 78:		Line 78:

	==Notes==		==Notes==
	In 1937 Lithuania's area was 21,489 square miles (including Memel, which they had occupied, but excluding the province and city of [[Vilnius]], and [[Suwalki]], which were under military occupation by Poland); population, not counting the three cities mentioned, was then 2,500,000. Four-fifths of the country were [[Roman Catholics]], with, in 1923, 7.6% (155,126) of the whole population being ~~Jews~~.<ref>''Encyclopaedia Britannica Book of the Year 1938'', London, 1938, "Distribution of the ~~Jewish~~ Race" p.354-5.</ref> [[Protestant]] [[Memel]] is not included in the figures.		In 1937 Lithuania's area was 21,489 square miles (including Memel, which they had occupied, but excluding the province and city of [[Vilnius]], and [[Suwalki]], which were under military occupation by Poland); population, not counting the three cities mentioned, was then 2,500,000. Four-fifths of the country were [[Roman Catholics]], with, in 1923, 7.6% (155,126) of the whole population being jews.<ref>''Encyclopaedia Britannica Book of the Year 1938'', London, 1938, "Distribution of the jewish Race" p.354-5.</ref> [[Protestant]] [[Memel]] is not included in the figures.

	In 1938 the principal city and towns were [[Kaunas]] (Kovno), which was the seat of government, with a 105,370 population and Gardinas (Grodno) 61,600.<ref>''Encyclopaedia Britannica Book of the Year 1938'', London, 1938, p.383.</ref> In 1939 Lithuania recovered its province and city of Vilnius, which is today the capital. In 1988 its area was 25,200 square miles with an estimated population of 3,682,000.		In 1938 the principal city and towns were [[Kaunas]] (Kovno), which was the seat of government, with a 105,370 population and Gardinas (Grodno) 61,600.<ref>''Encyclopaedia Britannica Book of the Year 1938'', London, 1938, p.383.</ref> In 1939 Lithuania recovered its province and city of Vilnius, which is today the capital. In 1988 its area was 25,200 square miles with an estimated population of 3,682,000.

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "Category:Countries" to "Category:Nations"

2024-02-19T19:06:39Z

Text replacement - "Category:Countries" to "Category:Nations"

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:06, 19 February 2024
Line 173:		Line 173:

	[[Category:Lithuania]]		[[Category:Lithuania]]
	[[Category:~~Countries~~]]		[[Category:Nations]]
	[[Category:European countries]]		[[Category:European countries]]
	[[Category:Eastern Europe]]		[[Category:Eastern Europe]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "{{Reflist}}" to "{{Reflist|2}}"

2024-02-09T00:39:20Z

Text replacement - "{{Reflist}}" to "{{Reflist|2}}"

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:39, 8 February 2024
Line 169:		Line 169:

	==References==		==References==
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist\|2}}

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "File:(.*).jpg" to "File:$1.png"

2024-02-04T09:58:34Z

Text replacement - "File:(.*).jpg" to "File:$1.png"

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:58, 4 February 2024
Line 95:		Line 95:
	: See: ''[[Teutonic Knights]]''		: See: ''[[Teutonic Knights]]''
	Lithuania had meanwhile acquired considerable Russian lands and territory. In 1283 a crusade, authorised by [[Papal Bull]], by the [[Teutonic Knights]] against the heathen Lithuanians, commenced, and was still going on in the 1320s and continued intermittently until the peace of Lake Melno in 1422 when the Order was compelled to surrender for good its claim to northern Lithuania and Samogitia.<ref>Christiansen, 1980, p.133.</ref>		Lithuania had meanwhile acquired considerable Russian lands and territory. In 1283 a crusade, authorised by [[Papal Bull]], by the [[Teutonic Knights]] against the heathen Lithuanians, commenced, and was still going on in the 1320s and continued intermittently until the peace of Lake Melno in 1422 when the Order was compelled to surrender for good its claim to northern Lithuania and Samogitia.<ref>Christiansen, 1980, p.133.</ref>
	[[File:Eastern_Europe_c1386.~~jpg~~\|200px\|thumb\|left\|]]		[[File:Eastern_Europe_c1386.png\|200px\|thumb\|left\|]]
	By the early 14th century Mindaugas's descendant Algirdas ruled territory which dominated a huge semi-circle radius over 400 miles to the south and east, with Poland and the Teutonic Order's lands forming a segment to the west and north.<ref>Christiansen, 1980, p.136.</ref> Prince Guedimin (ruled 1315-1340) contrived to get into his possession a great many of the western Russian states and cities, including even the sacred and historic [[Kiev]]. These conquests were easy, Russia being prostrate under the Tartars. About 1340 [[Galicia]] was conquered by a combined force of Lithuanians and Poles.<ref>''Encyclopaedia Britannica'', 15th edition, 1990, vol.7, p.581.</ref> In 1396 Lithuania, then at its greatest extent, stretched from the province of Samogitia in the north, to the [[Black Sea]], including [[Galicia]], bordered in the west by the river Dniestr and the river Volga in the east, and included the cities of Kiev and [[Smolensk]]. Kiev did not return to Russian rule until the days of Tsar Alexis.		By the early 14th century Mindaugas's descendant Algirdas ruled territory which dominated a huge semi-circle radius over 400 miles to the south and east, with Poland and the Teutonic Order's lands forming a segment to the west and north.<ref>Christiansen, 1980, p.136.</ref> Prince Guedimin (ruled 1315-1340) contrived to get into his possession a great many of the western Russian states and cities, including even the sacred and historic [[Kiev]]. These conquests were easy, Russia being prostrate under the Tartars. About 1340 [[Galicia]] was conquered by a combined force of Lithuanians and Poles.<ref>''Encyclopaedia Britannica'', 15th edition, 1990, vol.7, p.581.</ref> In 1396 Lithuania, then at its greatest extent, stretched from the province of Samogitia in the north, to the [[Black Sea]], including [[Galicia]], bordered in the west by the river Dniestr and the river Volga in the east, and included the cities of Kiev and [[Smolensk]]. Kiev did not return to Russian rule until the days of Tsar Alexis.

Line 111:		Line 111:
	==20th century==		==20th century==
	===Defeat of Russia and Independence===		===Defeat of Russia and Independence===
	[[File:Kaiser Wilhelm in Vilna with General Hermann von Eichhorn at Wilna.~~jpg~~\|300px\|thumb\|right\|The Germans have driven the Russians out of Vilna. Here the Kaiser inspects an Honour Guard at Vilna railway station.]]		[[File:Kaiser Wilhelm in Vilna with General Hermann von Eichhorn at Wilna.png\|300px\|thumb\|right\|The Germans have driven the Russians out of Vilna. Here the Kaiser inspects an Honour Guard at Vilna railway station.]]
	Following the defeat by the [[Central Powers]] of the [[Russian Empire]] (and subsequently the Russian Federal Soviet Republic) in [[The Great War]], and after acrimonious discussions with the [[Bolsheviks]], the Peace Treaty of [[Brest-Litovsk]] between Russia, Germany, [[Austria-Hungary]], [[Bulgaria]] and [[Turkey]], was signed on March 3, 1918, and formally ratified between Russia and Germany on March 29<ref>Published in ''Pravda'', March 16 and 17.</ref> and by the other contracting parties in early July. Under articles 2 and 3, '''Lithuania''' was one of those countries detached from Russia and which would no longer be subject to Russian, or for that matter, Polish, sovereignty.<ref>Wheeler-Bennett, John W., ''Brest-Litovsk, The Forgotten Peace, March 1918'', London, 1966, p.403-5.</ref> A Supplementary Treaty to this, in great detail, was signed at Berlin on August 27, 1918.<ref>''Frankfurter Zeitung'', 2nd morning edition, September 7, 1918.</ref>		Following the defeat by the [[Central Powers]] of the [[Russian Empire]] (and subsequently the Russian Federal Soviet Republic) in [[The Great War]], and after acrimonious discussions with the [[Bolsheviks]], the Peace Treaty of [[Brest-Litovsk]] between Russia, Germany, [[Austria-Hungary]], [[Bulgaria]] and [[Turkey]], was signed on March 3, 1918, and formally ratified between Russia and Germany on March 29<ref>Published in ''Pravda'', March 16 and 17.</ref> and by the other contracting parties in early July. Under articles 2 and 3, '''Lithuania''' was one of those countries detached from Russia and which would no longer be subject to Russian, or for that matter, Polish, sovereignty.<ref>Wheeler-Bennett, John W., ''Brest-Litovsk, The Forgotten Peace, March 1918'', London, 1966, p.403-5.</ref> A Supplementary Treaty to this, in great detail, was signed at Berlin on August 27, 1918.<ref>''Frankfurter Zeitung'', 2nd morning edition, September 7, 1918.</ref>

Line 124:		Line 124:

	===Vilna and Memel===		===Vilna and Memel===
	[[File:Lithuanian troops enter Vilnius 1939.~~jpg~~\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Lithuanian troops with ''Stielhandgranaten'' and German [[Stahlhelm]]s (M16) of [[WWI]] re-enter the old capital of [[Vilnius]], now liberated from Polish occupation, on 28 October 1939. The Vilnius Cathedral is seen in the background. The banner reads: ''Inhabitants of Vilnius welcome the Lithuanian Army.'' After the Battle of Wilno on 18–19 September 1939, Soviet forces took over the city of Vilnius (Wilno). Polish units had either surrendered or withdrawn, disorganized, towards the Lithuanian border or deeper into Poland. The Soviets transferred the city to Lithuania according to the Soviet–Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty. Lithuanian troops entered the city on 27–28 October 1939.]]		[[File:Lithuanian troops enter Vilnius 1939.png\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Lithuanian troops with ''Stielhandgranaten'' and German [[Stahlhelm]]s (M16) of [[WWI]] re-enter the old capital of [[Vilnius]], now liberated from Polish occupation, on 28 October 1939. The Vilnius Cathedral is seen in the background. The banner reads: ''Inhabitants of Vilnius welcome the Lithuanian Army.'' After the Battle of Wilno on 18–19 September 1939, Soviet forces took over the city of Vilnius (Wilno). Polish units had either surrendered or withdrawn, disorganized, towards the Lithuanian border or deeper into Poland. The Soviets transferred the city to Lithuania according to the Soviet–Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty. Lithuanian troops entered the city on 27–28 October 1939.]]
	On October 9, 1920 the Poles, under General Zeligovski, invaded Vilna ([[Vilnius]]), drove out the Lithuanian garrison, and proclaimed the city and its province part of Poland. Appeals by Lithuania to the [[League of Nations]] were futile.		On October 9, 1920 the Poles, under General Zeligovski, invaded Vilna ([[Vilnius]]), drove out the Lithuanian garrison, and proclaimed the city and its province part of Poland. Appeals by Lithuania to the [[League of Nations]] were futile.

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: 1 revision imported

2024-02-04T03:43:55Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 18:43, 3 February 2024
(No difference)