Theoderic the Great - Revision history

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹 at 02:07, 7 March 2024

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	[[File:Theodoric I by Fabrizio Castello 1560 1617.jpg\|thumb\|320px\|''Theoderic the Great'' ({{lang-de\|Theoderich der Große}}); He was allied with the Germanic tribes of the [[Franks]], [[Vandals]], and the [[Burgundians]], mainly through his relatives marrying Kings of the other [[Germanic peoples]].]]		[[File:Theodoric I by Fabrizio Castello 1560 1617.jpg\|thumb\|320px\|''Theoderic the Great'' ({{lang-de\|Theoderich der Große}}); He was allied with the Germanic tribes of the [[Franks]], [[Vandals]], and the [[Burgundians]], mainly through his relatives marrying Kings of the other [[Germanic peoples]].]]
	[[File:Das Reich der germanischen Goten unter Theoderich dem Großen um 523 nach der Zeitrechnung.gif\|thumb\|320px\|The Empire of the [[Goths]] under Theoderic the Great around 523 A.D.]]		[[File:Das Reich der germanischen Goten unter Theoderich dem Großen um 523 nach der Zeitrechnung.gif\|thumb\|320px\|The Empire of the [[Goths]] under Theoderic the Great around 523 A.D.]]
	'''Theoderic the Great''' (454 – 30 August 526; sometimes referred to as ''Theod'''o'''ric''; [[Latin]]: ''Flavius Theodoricus''; {{lang-de\|'''Theoderich der Große'''}} or as a hero of German legend in mythical tales ''Dietrich von Bern'') was King of the Germanic [[Ostrogoths]] (474–526), King of [[Italy]] (493–526), reigned over the [[Visigoths]] (511–526), and a [[viceroy]] of the [[Eastern Roman Empire]]. His Gothic name ''Þiudareiks'' translates into "people-king" or "ruler of the people".<ref>{{cite book\|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=_KlmAAAAMAAJ&q=Thiudareiks&dq=Thiudareiks&hl=en&ei=HcPXTYrYIIrFswatoPX3Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDwQ6AEwBTgU \|title=An Encyclopedia of World History \|first=William Leonard \|last=Langer \|authorlink=William L. Langer \|chapter=Italy, 489–554 \|page=159 \|publisher=George G. Harrap and Co. \|year=1968 \|quote=Thiudareiks (ruler of the people)}}</ref> In 489, Theodoric attacked Odoacer, the king of Italy, emerging victorious in 493. As the new ruler of Italy, he upheld a Roman legal administration and scholarly culture and promoted a major building program across Italy. In 505, he expanded into the [[Balkans]], and by 511 he had brought the Visigothic Kingdom of [[Spain]] under his direct control and established hegemony over the [[Burgundian]] and [[Vandal kingdom]]s. Theodoric died in 526 and was buried in a grand mausoleum in Ravenna. He lived on as the figure Dietrich von Bern in Germanic heroic legend.		'''Theoderic the Great''' (454 – 30 August 526; sometimes referred to as ''Theod'''o'''ric''; [[Latin]]: ''Flavius Theodoricus''; {{lang-de\|'''Theoderich der Große'''}} or as a hero of [[German]] legend in mythical tales ''Dietrich von Bern'') was King of the Germanic [[Ostrogoths]] (474–526), King of [[Italy]] (493–526), reigned over the [[Visigoths]] (511–526), and a [[viceroy]] of the [[Eastern Roman Empire]]. His Gothic [[name]] ''Þiudareiks'' translates into "[[people]]-king" or "ruler of the people".<ref>{{cite book\|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=_KlmAAAAMAAJ&q=Thiudareiks&dq=Thiudareiks&hl=en&ei=HcPXTYrYIIrFswatoPX3Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDwQ6AEwBTgU \|title=An Encyclopedia of World History \|first=William Leonard \|last=Langer \|authorlink=William L. Langer \|chapter=Italy, 489–554 \|page=159 \|publisher=George G. Harrap and Co. \|year=1968 \|quote=Thiudareiks (ruler of the people)}}</ref> In 489, Theodoric attacked Odoacer, the king of Italy, emerging victorious in 493. As the new ruler of Italy, he upheld a [[Roman]] legal administration and scholarly [[culture]] and promoted a major building program across Italy. In 505, he expanded into the [[Balkans]], and by 511 he had brought the Visigothic Kingdom of [[Spain]] under his direct control and established [[hegemony]] over the [[Burgundian]] and [[Vandal kingdom]]s. Theodoric died in 526 and was buried in a grand mausoleum in Ravenna. He lived on as the figure Dietrich von Bern in Germanic heroic legend.

	==Life and politics==		==Life and politics==
	Theodoric was born in 454 in [[Pannonia (Roman province)\|Pannonia]] (what is now known as [[Hungary]]) on the banks of the Lake Neusiedl ({{lang-de\|Neusiedler See}}) near Carnuntum as the son of King Theodemir or Thiudimer, a Germanic nobleman of the [[Amali]], and his wife Ereleuva. This was just a year after the Ostrogoths had thrown off nearly a century of domination by the [[Huns]]. Theoderic went to [[Constantinople]] as a young boy in 459, as a hostage to secure the Ostrogoths' compliance with a treaty Theodemir had concluded with the [[Leo I the Thracian\|Byzantine Emperor Leo]] (ruled 457–474). He lived as a hostage at the court of Constantinople for roughly 10 years and learned a great deal about Roman government and military tactics within his studies (also of poetry and arithmetic<ref>Michael Frassetto: ''Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe. Society in Transformation''. Santa Barbara, CA 2003, p. 335</ref>), which served him well when he became the Gothic ruler of a mixed but largely Romanized "barbarian people".		Theodoric was born in 454 in [[Pannonia (Roman province)\|Pannonia]] (what is now known as [[Hungary]]) on the banks of the Lake Neusiedl ({{lang-de\|Neusiedler See}}) near Carnuntum as the son of King Theodemir or Thiudimer, a Germanic nobleman of the [[Amali]], and his wife Ereleuva. This was just a year after the Ostrogoths had thrown off nearly a century of domination by the [[Huns]]. Theoderic went to [[Constantinople]] as a young boy in 459, as a hostage to secure the Ostrogoths' compliance with a treaty Theodemir had concluded with the [[Leo I the Thracian\|Byzantine Emperor Leo]] (ruled 457–474). He lived as a hostage at the court of Constantinople for roughly 10 years and learned a great deal about Roman [[government]] and military tactics within his studies (also of [[poetry]] and arithmetic<ref>Michael Frassetto: ''Encyclopedia of [[Barbarian]] [[Europe]]. [[Society]] in Transformation''. Santa Barbara, CA 2003, p. 335</ref>), which served him well when he became the Gothic ruler of a mixed but largely Romanized "barbarian people".

	He returned to his homeland in 469/470<ref>Anders Wilhelm Enßlin: ''Theoderich der Große'', München 1959, p. 13</ref> where his father, now king of the Ostrogoths, gave him the title of "Heerkönig" (king of the armies). He then assumed leadership over the Gothic regions previously ruled by his uncle, Valamir. In 474 (other sources claim 475), when he was 30 or 31 years old, Theoderic became king of the Ostrogoths after the death of his father. Ostrogoths were now liviving in the region of what is now called "Macedonia", were his father had moved them to. Theoderic, although, moved his Gothic federation (''foederati'') back to the shores of the Danube. In 476/477, Zeno allied himself with Theoderic against their common rival and Theoderic's relative Theodoric (or Theoderic) Strabo, who had rebelled against Zeno and killled Heraclius. When Theodoric Strabo died in 481 Theoderic of the Amali took over his Allegiance including all warriors.		He returned to his homeland in 469/470<ref>Anders Wilhelm Enßlin: ''Theoderich der Große'', München 1959, p. 13</ref> where his father, now king of the Ostrogoths, gave him the title of "Heerkönig" (king of the armies). He then assumed leadership over the Gothic regions previously ruled by his uncle, Valamir. In 474 (other sources claim 475), when he was 30 or 31 years old, Theoderic became king of the Ostrogoths after the death of his father. Ostrogoths were now liviving in the region of what is now called "Macedonia", were his father had moved them to. Theoderic, although, moved his Gothic federation (''foederati'') back to the shores of the Danube. In 476/477, Zeno allied himself with Theoderic against their common rival and Theoderic's relative Theodoric (or Theoderic) Strabo, who had rebelled against Zeno and killled Heraclius. When Theodoric Strabo died in 481 Theoderic of the Amali took over his Allegiance including all warriors.
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	[[Byzantine Emperor]] [[Zeno (emperor)\|Zeno]] (ruled 476–491) subsequently gave Theoderic the title of [[Patrician_(ancient_Rome)#Late_Roman_and_Byzantine_periods\|Patrician]] and the office of [[Magister militum]] (master of the soldiers) in 481, and even appointed him as [[Roman consul\|Roman Consul]] in 484. Seeking further gains, Theoderic frequently ravaged the provinces of the [[Eastern Roman Empire]], eventually threatening Constantinople itself.		[[Byzantine Emperor]] [[Zeno (emperor)\|Zeno]] (ruled 476–491) subsequently gave Theoderic the title of [[Patrician_(ancient_Rome)#Late_Roman_and_Byzantine_periods\|Patrician]] and the office of [[Magister militum]] (master of the soldiers) in 481, and even appointed him as [[Roman consul\|Roman Consul]] in 484. Seeking further gains, Theoderic frequently ravaged the provinces of the [[Eastern Roman Empire]], eventually threatening Constantinople itself.

	In the same year, Emperor Zeno ordered Theoderic to overthrow the German Foederatus [[Odoacer]], who had likewise been made patrician and even [[King of Italy]], but who had since betrayed Zeno, supporting the rebellious [[Leontius (usurper)\|Leontius]]. Theodoric arrived in Italy in late August 489. After a victorious three-year war, Theoderic killed Odoacer with his own hands, settled his 100,000 to 200,000 people in [[Italy]], and founded an [[Ostrogothic Kingdom]] based in [[Ravenna]].		In the same year, [[Emperor]] Zeno ordered Theoderic to overthrow the German Foederatus [[Odoacer]], who had likewise been made patrician and even [[King of Italy]], but who had since betrayed Zeno, supporting the rebellious [[Leontius (usurper)\|Leontius]]. Theodoric arrived in Italy in late August 489. After a victorious three-year war, Theoderic killed Odoacer with his own hands, settled his 100,000 to 200,000 people in [[Italy]], and founded an [[Ostrogothic Kingdom]] based in [[Ravenna]].

	Theodoric led the Ostrogothic invasion of Italy (supported by elements of the [[East Germanic]] [[Rugii]]). During the course of four years of fighting, the invasion swept away Odoacer's Post-Imperial Romano-Gothic kingdom. In its place Theodoric created an Ostrogothic kingdom which held much of Italy until [[Byzantium]] began a re-conquest of the western empire in southern [[Italy]]. Despite the fact that the invasion had been devised by Emperor Zeno, the Ostrogoths ruled independently, and Theodoric and Zeno addressed each other as equals. Overtures to Byzantium were only made by some Ostrogoth leaders after Theodoric's death. A Roman consul was given nominal authority, and the two peoples lived together amicably, with Roman culture partially influencing the Germanics.		Theodoric led the Ostrogothic invasion of Italy (supported by elements of the [[East Germanic]] [[Rugii]]). During the course of four years of fighting, the invasion swept away Odoacer's Post-Imperial Romano-Gothic kingdom. In its place Theodoric created an Ostrogothic kingdom which held much of Italy until [[Byzantium]] began a re-conquest of the western [[empire]] in southern [[Italy]]. Despite the [[fact]] that the invasion had been devised by Emperor Zeno, the Ostrogoths ruled independently, and Theodoric and Zeno addressed each other as equals. Overtures to Byzantium were only made by some Ostrogoth [[leaders]] after Theodoric's death. A Roman consul was given nominal authority, and the two peoples lived together amicably, with Roman culture partially influencing the Germanics.

	The Goths took one-third of the land while the [[Romans]] retained the rest. Each side observed their own laws, and [[Miscegenation\|intermarriage]] between Roman and Goth was forbidden. One area in which they didn't agree was in [[Christianity]]. The [[Ostrogoths]] were confirmed [[Arianism\|Arians]], which the [[Catholics]] of the Roman Church found hard to stomach. Not all the Ostrogoths pursued this path into Italy and eventual Italianisation. A branch known as the Tauric Ostrogoths ventured further eastwards, ending up in [[Crimea]] by the end of the 5th century. They settled in the region and established an Eastern Germanic Gothic principality, later known as [[Mangup\|Doros]]. Additionally, some elements of the [[Gothic peoples]] in southern [[Germany]] formed part of the Bavarii confederation at the start of the 6th century.		The Goths took one-third of the land while the [[Romans]] retained the rest. Each side observed their own laws, and [[Miscegenation\|intermarriage]] between Roman and Goth was forbidden. One area in which they didn't agree was in [[Christianity]]. The [[Ostrogoths]] were confirmed [[Arianism\|Arians]], which the [[Catholics]] of the Roman Church found hard to stomach. Not all the Ostrogoths pursued this path into Italy and eventual Italianisation. A branch known as the Tauric Ostrogoths ventured further eastwards, ending up in [[Crimea]] by the end of the 5th century. They settled in the region and established an Eastern Germanic Gothic principality, later known as [[Mangup\|Doros]]. Additionally, some elements of the [[Gothic peoples]] in southern [[Germany]] formed part of the Bavarii confederation at the start of the 6th century.

	==Death==		==Death==
	Seeking to restore the glory of [[Ancient Rome]], he ruled Italy as part of the now Extended Empire of [[Germania]] in its most peaceful and prosperous period since [[Valentinian I\|Valentinian]], until his death in 526. From this period of history until 1806 Europe was under control of the [[Germanic peoples]], a powerful federal state to be known as the [[Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation]]. Memories of Theoderic's reign made him a hero of [[Germans\|German]] legend as "Dietrich von Bern".		Seeking to restore the glory of [[Ancient Rome]], he ruled Italy as part of the now Extended Empire of [[Germania]] in its most peaceful and prosperous period since [[Valentinian I\|Valentinian]], until his death in 526. From this period of [[history]] until 1806 Europe was under control of the [[Germanic peoples]], a powerful federal state to be known as the [[Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation]]. Memories of Theoderic's reign made him a hero of [[Germans\|German]] legend as "Dietrich von Bern".

	==See also==		==See also==
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[[File:Theodoric I by Fabrizio Castello 1560 1617.jpg|thumb|320px|''Theoderic the Great'' ({{lang-de|Theoderich der Große}}); He was allied with the Germanic tribes of the [[Franks]], [[Vandals]], and the [[Burgundians]], mainly through his relatives marrying Kings of the other [[Germanic peoples]].]]
[[File:Das Reich der germanischen Goten unter Theoderich dem Großen um 523 nach der Zeitrechnung.gif|thumb|320px|The Empire of the [[Goths]] under Theoderic the Great around 523 A.D.]]
'''Theoderic the Great''' (454 – 30 August 526; sometimes referred to as ''Theod'''o'''ric''; [[Latin]]: ''Flavius Theodoricus''; {{lang-de|'''Theoderich der Große'''}} or as a hero of German legend in mythical tales ''Dietrich von Bern'') was King of the Germanic [[Ostrogoths]] (474–526), King of [[Italy]] (493–526), reigned over the [[Visigoths]] (511–526), and a [[viceroy]] of the [[Eastern Roman Empire]]. His Gothic name ''Þiudareiks'' translates into "people-king" or "ruler of the people".<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=_KlmAAAAMAAJ&q=Thiudareiks&dq=Thiudareiks&hl=en&ei=HcPXTYrYIIrFswatoPX3Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDwQ6AEwBTgU |title=An Encyclopedia of World History |first=William Leonard |last=Langer |authorlink=William L. Langer |chapter=Italy, 489–554 |page=159 |publisher=George G. Harrap and Co. |year=1968 |quote=Thiudareiks (ruler of the people)}}</ref> In 489, Theodoric attacked Odoacer, the king of Italy, emerging victorious in 493. As the new ruler of Italy, he upheld a Roman legal administration and scholarly culture and promoted a major building program across Italy. In 505, he expanded into the [[Balkans]], and by 511 he had brought the Visigothic Kingdom of [[Spain]] under his direct control and established hegemony over the [[Burgundian]] and [[Vandal kingdom]]s. Theodoric died in 526 and was buried in a grand mausoleum in Ravenna. He lived on as the figure Dietrich von Bern in Germanic heroic legend.

==Life and politics==
Theodoric was born in 454 in [[Pannonia (Roman province)|Pannonia]] (what is now known as [[Hungary]]) on the banks of the Lake Neusiedl ({{lang-de|Neusiedler See}}) near Carnuntum as the son of King Theodemir or Thiudimer, a Germanic nobleman of the [[Amali]], and his wife Ereleuva. This was just a year after the Ostrogoths had thrown off nearly a century of domination by the [[Huns]]. Theoderic went to [[Constantinople]] as a young boy in 459, as a hostage to secure the Ostrogoths' compliance with a treaty Theodemir had concluded with the [[Leo I the Thracian|Byzantine Emperor Leo]] (ruled 457–474). He lived as a hostage at the court of Constantinople for roughly 10 years and learned a great deal about Roman government and military tactics within his studies (also of poetry and arithmetic<ref>Michael Frassetto: ''Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe. Society in Transformation''. Santa Barbara, CA 2003, p. 335</ref>), which served him well when he became the Gothic ruler of a mixed but largely Romanized "barbarian people".

He returned to his homeland in 469/470<ref>Anders Wilhelm Enßlin: ''Theoderich der Große'', München 1959, p. 13</ref> where his father, now king of the Ostrogoths, gave him the title of "Heerkönig" (king of the armies). He then assumed leadership over the Gothic regions previously ruled by his uncle, Valamir. In 474 (other sources claim 475), when he was 30 or 31 years old, Theoderic became king of the Ostrogoths after the death of his father. Ostrogoths were now liviving in the region of what is now called "Macedonia", were his father had moved them to. Theoderic, although, moved his Gothic federation (''foederati'') back to the shores of the Danube. In 476/477, Zeno allied himself with Theoderic against their common rival and Theoderic's relative Theodoric (or Theoderic) Strabo, who had rebelled against Zeno and killled Heraclius. When Theodoric Strabo died in 481 Theoderic of the Amali took over his Allegiance including all warriors.

[[Byzantine Emperor]] [[Zeno (emperor)|Zeno]] (ruled 476–491) subsequently gave Theoderic the title of [[Patrician_(ancient_Rome)#Late_Roman_and_Byzantine_periods|Patrician]] and the office of [[Magister militum]] (master of the soldiers) in 481, and even appointed him as [[Roman consul|Roman Consul]] in 484. Seeking further gains, Theoderic frequently ravaged the provinces of the [[Eastern Roman Empire]], eventually threatening Constantinople itself.

In the same year, Emperor Zeno ordered Theoderic to overthrow the German Foederatus [[Odoacer]], who had likewise been made patrician and even [[King of Italy]], but who had since betrayed Zeno, supporting the rebellious [[Leontius (usurper)|Leontius]]. Theodoric arrived in Italy in late August 489. After a victorious three-year war, Theoderic killed Odoacer with his own hands, settled his 100,000 to 200,000 people in [[Italy]], and founded an [[Ostrogothic Kingdom]] based in [[Ravenna]].

Theodoric led the Ostrogothic invasion of Italy (supported by elements of the [[East Germanic]] [[Rugii]]). During the course of four years of fighting, the invasion swept away Odoacer's Post-Imperial Romano-Gothic kingdom. In its place Theodoric created an Ostrogothic kingdom which held much of Italy until [[Byzantium]] began a re-conquest of the western empire in southern [[Italy]]. Despite the fact that the invasion had been devised by Emperor Zeno, the Ostrogoths ruled independently, and Theodoric and Zeno addressed each other as equals. Overtures to Byzantium were only made by some Ostrogoth leaders after Theodoric's death. A Roman consul was given nominal authority, and the two peoples lived together amicably, with Roman culture partially influencing the Germanics.

The Goths took one-third of the land while the [[Romans]] retained the rest. Each side observed their own laws, and [[Miscegenation|intermarriage]] between Roman and Goth was forbidden. One area in which they didn't agree was in [[Christianity]]. The [[Ostrogoths]] were confirmed [[Arianism|Arians]], which the [[Catholics]] of the Roman Church found hard to stomach. Not all the Ostrogoths pursued this path into Italy and eventual Italianisation. A branch known as the Tauric Ostrogoths ventured further eastwards, ending up in [[Crimea]] by the end of the 5th century. They settled in the region and established an Eastern Germanic Gothic principality, later known as [[Mangup|Doros]]. Additionally, some elements of the [[Gothic peoples]] in southern [[Germany]] formed part of the Bavarii confederation at the start of the 6th century.

==Death==
Seeking to restore the glory of [[Ancient Rome]], he ruled Italy as part of the now Extended Empire of [[Germania]] in its most peaceful and prosperous period since [[Valentinian I|Valentinian]], until his death in 526. From this period of history until 1806 Europe was under control of the [[Germanic peoples]], a powerful federal state to be known as the [[Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation]]. Memories of Theoderic's reign made him a hero of [[Germans|German]] legend as "Dietrich von Bern".

==See also==
*[[Decline of the Roman Empire]]
==External links==
*[http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianOstrogoths.htm Germanic Tribes: Goths]
=== Encyclopedias ===
*[https://www.ancient.eu/Theodoric_the_Great/ Ancient History Encyclopedia: Theodoric the Great]
*[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theodoric-king-of-Italy Encyclopedia Britannica: Theodoric]
*[https://theodora.com/encyclopedia/t/theodoric.html Encyclopedia Britannica 1911 Edition: Theodoric]
*[https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/italian-history-biographies/theodoric-great Encyclopedia.com: Theodoric the Great]

==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Kings]]
[[Category:454 births]]
[[Category:526 deaths]]
[[Category:Germanic]]
[[Category:Germania]]
[[Category:Roman]]
[[Category:German history]]

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