Yakov Yurovsky - Revision history

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	[[Image:Yurovsky3.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Yakov Yurovsky]]		[[Image:Yurovsky3.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Yakov Yurovsky]]

	'''Yakov Mikhaylovich Yurovsky''' (Russian: Я́ков Миха́йлович Юро́вский) (born 19 June [[Julian calendar]] 7 June [[Gregorian calendar]] 1878 in Tomsk, [[Siberia]], [[Russia]]; died before 2 August 1938 in [[Moscow]]) A ~~Jewish~~ [[Bolshevik]], he was the chief executioner of Russia's last emperor [[Nicholas II of Russia\|Nicholas II]] and his family after the [[Russian Revolution]] of 1917.<ref>''The End of the Romanovs'' by Victor Alexandrov, Hutchinson & Co., London, 1966.</ref>		'''Yakov Mikhaylovich Yurovsky''' (Russian: Я́ков Миха́йлович Юро́вский) (born 19 June [[Julian calendar]] 7 June [[Gregorian calendar]] 1878 in Tomsk, [[Siberia]], [[Russia]]; died before 2 August 1938 in [[Moscow]]) A jewish [[Bolshevik]], he was the chief executioner of Russia's last emperor [[Nicholas II of Russia\|Nicholas II]] and his family after the [[Russian Revolution]] of 1917.<ref>''The End of the Romanovs'' by Victor Alexandrov, Hutchinson & Co., London, 1966.</ref>

	==Early life==		==Early life==
	Yurovsky was born as the eighth of ten children in a [[~~Jewish~~]] family of trades-people in Tomsk.<ref>Alexandrov, 1966, p.90.</ref>		Yurovsky was born as the eighth of ten children in a [[jewish]] family of trades-people in Tomsk.<ref>Alexandrov, 1966, p.90.</ref>

	He was a rudimentary watchmaker in [[Perm]] and sometime photographer, but had lived for a while in the [[German Empire\|Germany]] in 1904. After returning to Perm the following year during the [[Russian Revolution (1905)]], he joined the [[Bolsheviks]]. Arrested several times over the years, he became a devoted [[Communist]].		He was a rudimentary watchmaker in [[Perm]] and sometime photographer, but had lived for a while in the [[German Empire\|Germany]] in 1904. After returning to Perm the following year during the [[Russian Revolution (1905)]], he joined the [[Bolsheviks]]. Arrested several times over the years, he became a devoted [[Communist]].
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	==Execution of the Imperial Family==		==Execution of the Imperial Family==
	The Regional Soviet of the Urals, including the ~~Jews~~ Filipp Isayevich Goloshchyokin, Piotr Lazarevitch Voikov<ref>Voikov was assassinated by the Russian monarchist Boris Koverda on 27 June 1927.</ref> and '''Yakov Yurovsky''', as well as Nikolai Tolmachyov, Alexey Georgievich Kabanov, Adolf Karlovitch Lepa, Boris Didkovsky, the half-Polish half-Armenian Georgy Safarov, Piotr Zakharovitch Ermakov, Gladunov and Talmatchev, refused a request from [[Nikolai Bukharin]] to transfer the Tsar and his family to Moscow. Instead they drew up a murderous indictment saying they "consider it absolutely necessary to liquidate him.....his family must be liquidated at the same time". Another person present at the reading of the indictment was Abulov, a delegate from the front. His superior officer, R. I. Berzin (1899-1939)<ref>https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1IQzecjGQX0C&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106&dq=R.+I.+Berzin&source=bl&ots=GvVUDKGyDO&sig=ACfU3U0Rywm7S8LulRoKgrj0CuxGFUxXxw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwijmcz1lLHyAhV1h_0HHRSrDtgQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepage&q=R.%20I.%20Berzin&f=false</ref>, a Cheka officer, had given the green light to the Ural Soviet for the liquidation of the Romanovs. The Regional Executive Committee nominated Golochtchekin, Voikov and Yrovsky to direct the operation. The indictment and other details was then sent to the Central Executive Committee of Soviets in Moscow for approval. This approval was given by Sverdlov and [[Grigory Zinoviev]] by coded telegram from the Kremlin.<ref>Alexandrov, 1966, pps:81-2, 92.</ref>		The Regional Soviet of the Urals, including the jews Filipp Isayevich Goloshchyokin, Piotr Lazarevitch Voikov<ref>Voikov was assassinated by the Russian monarchist Boris Koverda on 27 June 1927.</ref> and '''Yakov Yurovsky''', as well as Nikolai Tolmachyov, Alexey Georgievich Kabanov, Adolf Karlovitch Lepa, Boris Didkovsky, the half-Polish half-Armenian Georgy Safarov, Piotr Zakharovitch Ermakov, Gladunov and Talmatchev, refused a request from [[Nikolai Bukharin]] to transfer the Tsar and his family to Moscow. Instead they drew up a murderous indictment saying they "consider it absolutely necessary to liquidate him.....his family must be liquidated at the same time". Another person present at the reading of the indictment was Abulov, a delegate from the front. His superior officer, R. I. Berzin (1899-1939)<ref>https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1IQzecjGQX0C&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106&dq=R.+I.+Berzin&source=bl&ots=GvVUDKGyDO&sig=ACfU3U0Rywm7S8LulRoKgrj0CuxGFUxXxw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwijmcz1lLHyAhV1h_0HHRSrDtgQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepage&q=R.%20I.%20Berzin&f=false</ref>, a Cheka officer, had given the green light to the Ural Soviet for the liquidation of the Romanovs. The Regional Executive Committee nominated Golochtchekin, Voikov and Yrovsky to direct the operation. The indictment and other details was then sent to the Central Executive Committee of Soviets in Moscow for approval. This approval was given by Sverdlov and [[Grigory Zinoviev]] by coded telegram from the Kremlin.<ref>Alexandrov, 1966, pps:81-2, 92.</ref>
	[[File:Russian Pyotr Zakharovich Ermakov standing where the Tsar is buried.jpg\|280px\|thumb\|right\|Pyotr Ermakov stands over the exact spot where the Tsar's remains were buried. Photo is 1920.]]		[[File:Russian Pyotr Zakharovich Ermakov standing where the Tsar is buried.jpg\|280px\|thumb\|right\|Pyotr Ermakov stands over the exact spot where the Tsar's remains were buried. Photo is 1920.]]
	On the night of 16-17 July, 1918, a squad of [[Bolshevik]]s led by Yurovsky executed Russia's last Emperor, Tsar Nicholas, along with his wife Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna of Hesse, their four daughters, Olga, Tatiana, Maria, and Anastasia, and their son Alexei. Along with the family, four servants, their butler, cook, valet and Lady-in-Waiting were also murdered at the same time. All were shot in a half-cellar room (measured to be 25 feet x 21 feet) of the merchant Ipatiev's house in [[Yekaterinburg]], a city in the [[Urals]] region, where they were being held prisoner. The execution squad comprised three more local Bolsheviks and seven soldiers. The latter were said to be Hungarian prisoners-of-war who, as Communists, had joined the [[Red Army]] and were serving in the 1st Kamishlov Rifle Regiment. They didn't speak Russian and spoke with Yurovsky in German. It was said they were chosen because the local Cheka feared that Russian soldiers would not shoot the Tsar and his family.		On the night of 16-17 July, 1918, a squad of [[Bolshevik]]s led by Yurovsky executed Russia's last Emperor, Tsar Nicholas, along with his wife Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna of Hesse, their four daughters, Olga, Tatiana, Maria, and Anastasia, and their son Alexei. Along with the family, four servants, their butler, cook, valet and Lady-in-Waiting were also murdered at the same time. All were shot in a half-cellar room (measured to be 25 feet x 21 feet) of the merchant Ipatiev's house in [[Yekaterinburg]], a city in the [[Urals]] region, where they were being held prisoner. The execution squad comprised three more local Bolsheviks and seven soldiers. The latter were said to be Hungarian prisoners-of-war who, as Communists, had joined the [[Red Army]] and were serving in the 1st Kamishlov Rifle Regiment. They didn't speak Russian and spoke with Yurovsky in German. It was said they were chosen because the local Cheka feared that Russian soldiers would not shoot the Tsar and his family.
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	[[Category:Communists]]		[[Category:Communists]]
	[[Category:Communist ~~Jews~~]]		[[Category:Communist jews]]

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	~~[[Category:Jewish mass murderers]]~~

	[[Category:Communist mass killers]]		[[Category:Communist mass killers]]

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	~~[[Category:People of the Russian Revolution]]~~
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	~~[[Category:Jews in Russia]]~~
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	==Sources==		==Sources==
	~~<references/>~~		{{Reflist\|2}}
	* ''The Last Tsar'' by Edvard Radzinsky, London, 1992/3. Paperback ISBN 0-09-927831-6		* ''The Last Tsar'' by Edvard Radzinsky, London, 1992/3. Paperback ISBN 0-09-927831-6

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	*[http://www.alexanderpalace.org/palace/yurovmurder.html Yurovsky's account of the execution of the Imperial Family]		*[http://www.alexanderpalace.org/palace/yurovmurder.html Yurovsky's account of the execution of the Imperial Family]

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	*[http://www.alexanderpalace.org/palace/yurovmurder.html Yurovsky's account of the execution of the Imperial Family]		*[http://www.alexanderpalace.org/palace/yurovmurder.html Yurovsky's account of the execution of the Imperial Family]

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