Albert Einstein: Difference between revisions

From FasciPedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Text replacement - "{{reflist}}" to "{{reflist|2}}")
m (Text replacement - "tbe " to "the ")
Tag: Manual revert
 
(14 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
[[File:Einstein-formal portrait-35.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Portrait of Prof. Dr. phil. Dr. h. c. mult.<ref>Dr. h. c. mult. is the abbreviation for ''Doctor honoris causa multiplex'', the academic Latein term for having more than one honorary doctorate.</ref> Einstein taken in 1935 at Princeton. <br/><br/> Wikipedia states that his claimed "''expressive face and distinctive hairstyle have been widely copied and exaggerated''", including widely in popular culture. There are also subtle manipulations, such as the [[Star Wars]] character Yoda's wrinkles being modeled after Einstein's, in an attempt to cause the impression of exceptional intelligence.
[[File:Einstein-formal portrait-35.png|thumb|right|300px|Portrait of Prof. Dr. phil. Dr. h. c. mult.<ref>Dr. h. c. mult. is the abbreviation for ''Doctor honoris causa multiplex'', the academic Latein term for having more than one honorary doctorate.</ref> Einstein taken in 1935 at Princeton. <br/><br/> Wikipedia states that his claimed "''expressive face and distinctive hairstyle have been widely copied and exaggerated''", including widely in popular culture. There are also subtle manipulations, such as the [[Star Wars]] character Yoda's wrinkles being modeled after Einstein's, in an attempt to cause the impression of exceptional [[intelligence]].
<br><br>
<br><br>
Einstein bequeathed his estate, as well as the use of his image and his name, to the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, which has collected royalties on commercial usage, such as in advertising.]]
Einstein bequeathed his estate, as well as the use of his image and his [[name]], to the Hebrew University of [[Jerusalem]], which has collected royalties on commercial usage, such as in advertising.]]
'''Albert Einstein''' (b. 14 March 1879 in Ulm, [[German Empire]]; d. 18 April 1955 in Princeton, USA) was a German-born Jewish physicist, today in mass media often depicted as the world's greatest scientific genius and a leftist, pacifistic, humanistic saint. Einstein's last words are unknown because they were in native German, which his nurse didn't speak.
'''Albert Einstein''' (b. 14 March 1879 in Ulm, [[German Empire]]; d. 18 April 1955 in Princeton, USA) was a [[German]]-born [[jewish]] physicist, today in [[mass media]] often depicted as the world's greatest [[scientific]] genius and a [[leftist]], pacifistic, humanistic [[saint]]. Einstein's last words are unknown because they were in native German, which his nurse didn't speak.


==Life==
==Life==
[[File:Einstein 1921 portrait2.jpg|thumb|300px|Einstein 1921]]
[[File:Einstein 1921 portrait2.png|thumb|300px|Einstein 1921]]
[[File:Oskar von Miller und Albert Einstein.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Oskar von Miller]] und Albert Einstein, 1928]]
[[File:Oskar von Miller und Albert Einstein.png|thumb|300px|[[Oskar von Miller]] und Albert Einstein, 1928]]
[[File:Albert Einstein, Carl Heinrich Becker, H.G. Wells und Paul Loebe in Berlin 1929.jpg|thumb|300px|Albert Einstein, [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Becker,_Carl_Heinrich Carl Heinrich Becker], [[H. G. Wells]] and [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6be,_Paul Paul Loebe] in [[Berlin]] (1929)]]
[[File:Albert Einstein, Carl Heinrich Becker, H.G. Wells und Paul Loebe in Berlin 1929.png|thumb|300px|Albert Einstein, [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Becker,_Carl_Heinrich Carl Heinrich Becker], [[H. G. Wells]] and [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6be,_Paul Paul Loebe] in [[Berlin]] (1929)]]
[[File:Albert Einstein as Genosse Walhallas (since 1990).jpg|thumb|300px|Albert Einstein as a German [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Walhalla ''Genosse Walhallas''] (since 1990)]]
[[File:Albert Einstein as Genosse Walhallas (since 1990).png|thumb|300px|Albert Einstein as a German [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Walhalla ''Genosse Walhallas''] (since 1990)]]
===Short biography===
===Short biography===
* Oktober 1895 Argovian cantonal school ([[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]]) in Aarau
* Oktober 1895 Argovian cantonal school ([[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]]) in Aarau
Line 27: Line 27:
* 1914 to 28 March 1933 member of the "Prussian Academy of Sciences"  
* 1914 to 28 March 1933 member of the "Prussian Academy of Sciences"  
* 1917 to 1933 appointed Director of the [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute]  
* 1917 to 1933 appointed Director of the [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute]  
* 1922 Einstein was awarded the [[Nobel Prize]] in Physics for the year 1921, "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect".  
* 1922 Einstein was awarded the [[Nobel Prize]] in [[Physics]] for the year 1921, "for his services to [[Theoretical]] Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect".  
** This refers to his 1905 paper on the photoelectric effect: On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light, which was well-supported by the experimental evidence by that time. The presentation speech began by mentioning "his theory of relativity [which had] been the subject of lively debate in philosophical circles [and] also has astrophysical implications which are being rigorously examined at the present time". As per their divorce settlement (1919), Einstein gave the Nobel prize money to his first wife, Mileva Marić, with whom he had three children: Lieserl (b. 1902), Hans Albert "''Budi''" (1904–1973) and Eduard "''Tete''" (1910–1965).   
** This refers to his 1905 paper on the photoelectric effect: On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light, which was well-supported by the experimental evidence by that [[time]]. The presentation speech began by mentioning "his [[theory]] of relativity [which had] been the [[subject]] of lively [[debate]] in [[philosophical]] circles [and] also has astrophysical implications which are being rigorously examined at the present time". As per their divorce settlement (1919), Einstein gave the Nobel prize money to his first wife, Mileva Marić, with whom he had three children: Lieserl (b. 1902), Hans Albert "''Budi''" (1904–1973) and Eduard "''Tete''" (1910–1965).   
* 19 February 1927 voted member of the ''Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften'' (Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse)
* 19 February 1927 voted member of the ''Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften'' (Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse)
* 17 March 1932 to 1933 February/March 1933 voted member of the ''Kaiserlich Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher zu Halle, Leopoldina'' (German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina)
* 17 March 1932 to 1933 February/March 1933 voted member of the ''Kaiserlich Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher zu Halle, Leopoldina'' (German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina)
Line 37: Line 37:
===Criticisms and controversies===
===Criticisms and controversies===
Criticisms and controversies have included aspects such as  
Criticisms and controversies have included aspects such as  
*Argued extensive plagiarism and refusal to give credit to other scientists, such as Hendrik A. Lorentz, Henri Poincare, Olin to de Pretto, and his own first wife, Marie Maric. One example of criticisms is that "''Because of what Schlafly sees as deft plagiarism, he asserts that “Einstein’s 1905 paper is the most overrated paper ever written. No other paper has been so thoroughly praised, and yet be so dishonestly unoriginal”. Einstein does definitely deserve scientific credit, he says, but it’s mostly for refining the scientific ideas of others.''"<ref name=rs/>
*Argued extensive plagiarism and refusal to give credit to other scientists, such as Hendrik A. Lorentz, Henri Poincare, Olin to de Pretto, and his own first wife, Marie Maric. One example of criticisms is that "''Because of what Schlafly sees as deft plagiarism, he asserts that “Einstein’s 1905 paper is the most overrated paper ever written. No other paper has been so thoroughly praised, and yet be so dishonestly unoriginal”. Einstein does definitely deserve scientific credit, he says, but it’s mostly for refining the scientific ideas of [[others]].''"<ref name=rs/>


*Crank denial of probabilistic quantum mechanics, spending much of his later life in failed attempts to disprove it.
*Crank denial of probabilistic quantum mechanics, spending much of his later life in failed attempts to disprove it.


*"Socialist" views, stated to not have been a Communist, but investigated by the FBI for associations with many Communist organizations and fronts.
*"[[Socialist]]" views, stated to not have been a [[Communist]], but investigated by the FBI for associations with many Communist organizations and fronts.


*Expressed support for [[Lenin]]'s and [[Stalin]]'s Soviet Union.
*Expressed support for [[Lenin]]'s and [[Stalin]]'s [[Soviet Union]].


*Support for nuclear weapons due to the threat of Nationalist Socialist Germany during WWII, but opposition after the war despite the threat from the Communist states.
*Support for nuclear weapons due to the threat of [[Fascist]] Socialist [[Germany]] during [[WWII]], but opposition after the war despite the threat from the Communist states.


*Opposition to "[[McCarthyism]]" and support for (Jewish) Communist spies, such as [[Julius and Ethel Rosenberg]].
*Opposition to "[[McCarthyism]]" and support for (jewish) Communist spies, such as [[Julius and Ethel Rosenberg]].


*Claimed to be an anti-racist, but in recently revealed private travel writings he expressed "racist" views on the peoples he met, such as the Chinese.<ref>Einstein's travel diaries reveal 'shocking' xenophobia https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/einsteins-travel-diaries-reveal-shocking-xenophobia</ref>
*Claimed to be an anti-racist, but in recently revealed private travel writings he expressed "racist" views on the peoples he met, such as the Chinese.<ref>Einstein's travel diaries reveal 'shocking' [[xenophobia]] https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/einsteins-travel-diaries-reveal-shocking-xenophobia</ref>


*Claimed to be an anti-nationalist, but was a [[Zionist]], despite criticizing [[Judaism]], implying that he supported Jewish nationalism because of support for Jewish race based nationalism.
*Claimed to be an anti-fascist, but was a [[Zionist]], despite criticizing [[Judaism]], implying that he supported jewish [[nationalism]] because of support for jewish [[race]] based nationalism.


Einstein on [[Stalin]] and the Communist show trials during the [[Great Purge]]:  
Einstein on [[Stalin]] and the Communist show trials during the [[Great Purge]]:  


: "''By the way, there are increasing signs that the Russian trials are not faked, but that there is a plot among those who look upon Stalin as a stupid reactionary who has betrayed the ideas of the revolution. Though we find it difficult to imagine this kind of internal thing, those who know Russia best are all more or less of the same opinion. I was firmly convinced to begin with that it was a case of a dictator's despotic acts, based on lies and deception, but this was a delusion.''"<ref>Letter to Max Born (no date, 1937 or 1938); The Born-Einstein Letters (translated by Irene Born) (Walker and Company, New York, 1971) ISBN 0-8027-0326-7.</ref>''
: "''By the way, there are increasing signs that the Russian trials are not faked, but that there is a plot among those who look upon Stalin as a stupid [[reactionary]] who has betrayed the ideas of the [[revolution]]. Though we find it difficult to imagine this kind of internal thing, those who know Russia best are all more or less of the same opinion. I was firmly convinced to begin with that it was a case of a [[dictator]]'s despotic acts, based on lies and deception, but this was a delusion.''"<ref>Letter to Max Born (no date, 1937 or 1938); The Born-Einstein Letters (translated by Irene Born) (Walker and Company, New York, 1971) ISBN 0-8027-0326-7.</ref>''


Other criticisms have concerned issues such as  
Other criticisms have concerned issues such as  


: "''the overwhelmingly Jewish sources behind modern Einstein worship [...] Einstein’s popular status as the world’s greatest intellect however should be viewed as something of a curiosity, since no other scientist in all of human history gets remotely comparable treatment. Are we to believe that Einstein’s contributions to science surpass even Newton’s? Or that “relativity” has altered humanity’s view of the world (and religion) as much as Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection? This is not credible. Indeed, the various advances in modern physics authored by Einstein and others remain incomprehensible to 99% of the world. Why should people be enjoined to worship individuals whose achievements they don’t even understand? After all, even though Einstein’s discoveries (to whatever extent they were his) have benefited science and humanity, they have not been tangibly transformative in the lives of average people. [...] his personal life was far from saintly. In fact, according to two biographers (Roger Highfield and Paul Carter) Einstein was a serial philanderer who abandoned at least one of his children ''"<ref name=rs>Review of Roger Schlafly’s “How Einstein Ruined Physics”  https://www.theoccidentalobserver.net/2012/03/24/review-of-roger-schlaflys-how-einstein-ruined-physics/</ref>''
: "''the overwhelmingly jewish sources behind modern Einstein worship [...] Einstein’s popular status as the world’s greatest intellect however should be viewed as something of a curiosity, since no other scientist in all of human [[history]] gets remotely comparable treatment. Are we to believe that Einstein’s contributions to [[science]] surpass even Newton’s? Or that “relativity” has altered humanity’s view of the world (and [[religion]]) as much as Darwin’s theory of evolution by [[natural]] selection? This is not credible. Indeed, the various advances in modern physics authored by Einstein and others remain incomprehensible to 99% of the world. Why should [[people]] be enjoined to worship individuals whose achievements they don’t even understand? After all, even though Einstein’s discoveries (to whatever extent they were his) have benefited science and humanity, they have not been tangibly transformative in the lives of average people. [...] his personal life was far from saintly. In [[fact]], according to two biographers (Roger Highfield and Paul Carter) Einstein was a serial philanderer who abandoned at least one of his children ''"<ref name=rs>Review of Roger Schlafly’s “How Einstein Ruined Physics”  https://www.theoccidentalobserver.net/2012/03/24/review-of-roger-schlaflys-how-einstein-ruined-physics/</ref>''


Einstein critic [[Christopher Jon Bjerknes]] has argued that  
Einstein critic [[Christopher Jon Bjerknes]] has argued that  


: "''Portrayed in the popular press as if a congenial and compassionate man, Albert Einstein was in fact a vicious racist and an ardent segregationist. He hated Europeans and sought their extermination. Though he himself had married a Gentile, Mileva Maric, he later divorced her for what his friends thought were racist reasons. Einstein denounced all mixed marriages and believed that Jews should remain separate from Gentiles and not participate in Gentile governments. Though Einstein was a staunch Zionist who championed the Jewish nationalist cause, he wanted all Gentile nations abolished in favor of global government for Gentiles and a Zionist state for Jews. His beliefs mirrored Jewish messianic prophecy.''"<ref>Jon Bjerknes. ALBERT EINSTEIN The Incorrigible RACIST https://www.amazon.com/ALBERT-EINSTEIN-Incorrigible-Christopher-Bjerknes/dp/1523458879</ref>''
: "''Portrayed in the popular press as if a congenial and compassionate man, Albert Einstein was in fact a vicious racist and an ardent segregationist. He hated [[Europeans]] and sought their extermination. Though he himself had married a Gentile, Mileva Maric, he later divorced her for what his friends [[thought]] were racist reasons. Einstein denounced all mixed marriages and believed that [[jews]] should remain separate from [[Gentiles]] and not participate in Gentile governments. Though Einstein was a staunch Zionist who championed the jewish fascist cause, he wanted all Gentile nations abolished in favor of global [[government]] for Gentiles and a Zionist state for jews. His beliefs mirrored jewish messianic prophecy.''"<ref>Jon Bjerknes. ALBERT EINSTEIN The Incorrigible RACIST https://www.amazon.com/ALBERT-EINSTEIN-Incorrigible-Christopher-Bjerknes/dp/1523458879</ref>''


[[Kevin Macdonald]] in his book ''The culture of critique''<ref name="CoC_pvii">Kevin Macdonald (1998, 2002) The Culture of Critique, 540 pages. ISBN: 0-7596-7221-0</ref> addressed on page vii Einstein's strong Jewish ethnicism, namely that:
[[Kevin Macdonald]] in his book ''The [[culture]] of critique''<ref name="CoC_pvii">[[Kevin MacDonald|Kevin Macdonald]] (1998, 2002) The Culture of Critique, 540 pages. ISBN: 0-7596-7221-0</ref> addressed on page vii Einstein's strong jewish ethnicism, namely that:
*Einstein was a strongly motivated Zionist<ref name="CoC_pvii"/>,
*Einstein was a strongly motivated Zionist<ref name="CoC_pvii"/>,
*Einstein opposed assimilation as a contemptible form of “mimicry”<ref name="CoC_pvii"/>,
*Einstein opposed [[assimilation]] as a contemptible form of “mimicry”<ref name="CoC_pvii"/>,
*Einstein preferred to mix with other Jews whom he referred to as his “tribal companions”<ref name="CoC_pvii"/>,
*Einstein preferred to mix with other jews whom he referred to as his “tribal companions”<ref name="CoC_pvii"/>,
*Einstein embraced the uncritical support for the Bolshevik regime in Russia<ref name="CoC_pvii"/>,
*Einstein embraced the uncritical support for the [[Bolshevik]] regime in Russia<ref name="CoC_pvii"/>,
*Einstein switched from a high-minded pacifism during World War I, when Jewish interests were not at stake, to advocating the building of atomic bombs to defeat Hitler<ref name="CoC_pvii"/>,
*Einstein switched from a high-minded [[pacifism]] during [[World War I]], when jewish interests were not at stake, to advocating the building of atomic bombs to defeat [[Hitler]]<ref name="CoC_pvii"/>,
*From his teenage years Einstein disliked the Germans and in later life criticized Jewish colleagues for converting to Christianity and acting like Prussians<ref name="CoC_pvii"/>,
*From his teenage years Einstein disliked the [[Germans]] and in later life criticized jewish colleagues for converting to [[Christianity]] and acting like Prussians<ref name="CoC_pvii"/>,
*Einstein especially disliked Prussians, who were the elite ethnic group in Germany<ref name="CoC_pvii"/>,
*Einstein especially disliked Prussians, who were the elite [[ethnic]] group in Germany<ref name="CoC_pvii"/>,
*Reviewing his life at age 73, Einstein declared his ethnic affiliation in no uncertain terms: “''My relationship with Jewry had become my strongest human tie once I achieved complete clarity about our precarious position among the nations''”.<ref name="CoC_pvii"/>.
*Reviewing his life at age 73, Einstein declared his ethnic affiliation in no uncertain terms: “''My relationship with jewry had become my strongest human tie once I achieved complete clarity about our precarious position among the nations''”.<ref name="CoC_pvii"/>.


==Quotes==
==Quotes==
* ''"I will accept your invitation on condition that I limit my lectures to the area of science and that I can use drawings and mathematical formulae. Given my complete inability to speak Spanish and my deficient knowledge of French, I would not be able to give my lectures if it were only possible to use words. German is the only language in which I can speak intelligibly about my theory. I look forward to meeting you again and to see your beautiful country for myself".'' – Einstein to Rey Pastor 1923 accepting an invitation by the Faculty of Sciences of the ''Universidad Central de Madrid''
* ''"I will accept your invitation on condition that I limit my lectures to the area of science and that I can use drawings and mathematical formulae. Given my complete inability to speak Spanish and my deficient [[knowledge]] of [[French]], I would not be able to give my lectures if it were only possible to use words. German is the only language in which I can speak intelligibly about my theory. I look forward to meeting you again and to see your beautiful country for myself".'' – Einstein to Rey Pastor 1923 accepting an invitation by the Faculty of Sciences of the ''Universidad Central de Madrid''


==Awards and honours==
==Awards and honours==
Line 88: Line 88:
*1923 Orden "[[Pour le mĂ©rite fĂŒr Wissenschaften und KĂŒnste]]" – acceptance to the order
*1923 Orden "[[Pour le mĂ©rite fĂŒr Wissenschaften und KĂŒnste]]" – acceptance to the order
*1923 Genootschap ter Bevordering van Natuur-, Genees- en Heelkunde – Genootschapsmedaille
*1923 Genootschap ter Bevordering van Natuur-, Genees- en Heelkunde – Genootschapsmedaille
*1925 Royal Society of London – Copley Medaille
*1925 Royal [[Society]] of [[London]] – Copley Medaille
*1926 Royal Astronomical Society – Goldmedaille
*1926 Royal Astronomical Society – Goldmedaille
*1929 Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft – Max-Planck-Medaille
*1929 Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft – Max-Planck-Medaille
Line 95: Line 95:
*1931 UniversitĂ€t Oxford – EhrendoktorwĂŒrde
*1931 UniversitĂ€t Oxford – EhrendoktorwĂŒrde
*1934 Yeshiva College, New York – EhrendoktorwĂŒrde
*1934 Yeshiva College, New York – EhrendoktorwĂŒrde
*1935 Franklin Institut, Philadelphia – Benjamin Franklin Medaille
*1935 Franklin Institut, Philadelphia – [[Benjamin Franklin]] Medaille
*1935 Harvard UniversitĂ€t – EhrendoktorwĂŒrde
*1935 Harvard UniversitĂ€t – EhrendoktorwĂŒrde


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Einstein (Holocaust witness)]]
*[[Einstein (Holohoax witness)]]
*[[Orgone]] - Pseudoscientific theory that briefly interested Einstein.
*[[Orgone]] - Pseudoscientific theory that briefly interested Einstein.
*''[[The Black Book of Polish Jewry]]'' - Controversial statement "sponsored" by Einstein.
*''[[The Black Book of Polish jewry]]'' - Controversial statement "sponsored" by Einstein.


==External links==
==External links==
Line 114: Line 114:
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
[[Category:1879 births]]
 
[[Category:1955 deaths]]
 
[[Category:Jews in Germany]]
[[Category:jews]]
 
[[Category:Pages with broken file links]]
[[Category:Physicists]]
[[Category:Physicists]]
[[Category:Zionists]]
[[Category:Zionists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite for Arts and Sciences]]
[[Category:Professors]]
 
[[de:Einstein, Albert]]
[[es:Albert Einstein]]
[[fr:Albert Einstein]]
[[nl:Einstein]]
[[no:Albert Einstein]]
[[sv:Albert Einstein]]

Latest revision as of 15:26, 28 April 2024

File:Einstein-formal portrait-35.png
Portrait of Prof. Dr. phil. Dr. h. c. mult.[1] Einstein taken in 1935 at Princeton.

Wikipedia states that his claimed "expressive face and distinctive hairstyle have been widely copied and exaggerated", including widely in popular culture. There are also subtle manipulations, such as the Star Wars character Yoda's wrinkles being modeled after Einstein's, in an attempt to cause the impression of exceptional intelligence.

Einstein bequeathed his estate, as well as the use of his image and his name, to the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, which has collected royalties on commercial usage, such as in advertising.

Albert Einstein (b. 14 March 1879 in Ulm, German Empire; d. 18 April 1955 in Princeton, USA) was a German-born jewish physicist, today in mass media often depicted as the world's greatest scientific genius and a leftist, pacifistic, humanistic saint. Einstein's last words are unknown because they were in native German, which his nurse didn't speak.

Life

Short biography

  • Oktober 1895 Argovian cantonal school (Gymnasium) in Aarau
  • January 1896 with his father's approval, renounced his German citizenship in the German Kingdom of WĂŒrttemberg to avoid mandatory military service; 1896 to 1901 stateless (staatenlos)
  • September 1896 Swiss Matura (Abitur)
  • 1896 to 1900 studies of math and phyics, "Schule fĂŒr Fachlehrer des Eidgenössischen Polytechnikums ZĂŒrich" (federal polytechnic school), known today as the "Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule ZĂŒrich" or ETH
  • 1901 Swiss citizenship granted
  • 1902 to 1909 Patentamt Bern (Swiss Patent Office)
  • 15 January 1906 doctorate (Dr. phil.) University of ZĂŒrich; «Eine neue Bestimmung der MolekĂŒldimensionen» (A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions)
    • accepted 20 July 1905, formally awarded, because of mandatory improvements, on 15 January 1906
  • 1908 habilitation (Professor) University of Bern
  • 1909-1911 Ausserordentlicher Professor fĂŒr Theoretische Physik University of Zurich
  • 1911 to 1912 Austria-Hungary citizenship
  • 1911-1913 Professor in the Deutsche UniversitĂ€t Prag (German Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague)
  • 1912-1914 Professor in the ETH
  • 1914 to 24 March 1934 once again German citizen
  • 1914 to 1933 Professor in the Humboldt University of Berlin
  • 1914 to 28 March 1933 member of the "Prussian Academy of Sciences"
  • 1917 to 1933 appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute
  • 1922 Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for the year 1921, "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect".
    • This refers to his 1905 paper on the photoelectric effect: On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light, which was well-supported by the experimental evidence by that time. The presentation speech began by mentioning "his theory of relativity [which had] been the subject of lively debate in philosophical circles [and] also has astrophysical implications which are being rigorously examined at the present time". As per their divorce settlement (1919), Einstein gave the Nobel prize money to his first wife, Mileva Marić, with whom he had three children: Lieserl (b. 1902), Hans Albert "Budi" (1904–1973) and Eduard "Tete" (1910–1965).
  • 19 February 1927 voted member of the Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse)
  • 17 March 1932 to 1933 February/March 1933 voted member of the Kaiserlich Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher zu Halle, Leopoldina (German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina)
  • 1933 to 1944 Professor in the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey
  • 15 December 1938 resignation as member of the Italien Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei
  • 1944 retirement (Emeritierung)

Criticisms and controversies

Criticisms and controversies have included aspects such as

  • Argued extensive plagiarism and refusal to give credit to other scientists, such as Hendrik A. Lorentz, Henri Poincare, Olin to de Pretto, and his own first wife, Marie Maric. One example of criticisms is that "Because of what Schlafly sees as deft plagiarism, he asserts that “Einstein’s 1905 paper is the most overrated paper ever written. No other paper has been so thoroughly praised, and yet be so dishonestly unoriginal”. Einstein does definitely deserve scientific credit, he says, but it’s mostly for refining the scientific ideas of others."[2]
  • Crank denial of probabilistic quantum mechanics, spending much of his later life in failed attempts to disprove it.
  • "Socialist" views, stated to not have been a Communist, but investigated by the FBI for associations with many Communist organizations and fronts.
  • Support for nuclear weapons due to the threat of Fascist Socialist Germany during WWII, but opposition after the war despite the threat from the Communist states.
  • Claimed to be an anti-racist, but in recently revealed private travel writings he expressed "racist" views on the peoples he met, such as the Chinese.[3]
  • Claimed to be an anti-fascist, but was a Zionist, despite criticizing Judaism, implying that he supported jewish nationalism because of support for jewish race based nationalism.

Einstein on Stalin and the Communist show trials during the Great Purge:

"By the way, there are increasing signs that the Russian trials are not faked, but that there is a plot among those who look upon Stalin as a stupid reactionary who has betrayed the ideas of the revolution. Though we find it difficult to imagine this kind of internal thing, those who know Russia best are all more or less of the same opinion. I was firmly convinced to begin with that it was a case of a dictator's despotic acts, based on lies and deception, but this was a delusion."[4]

Other criticisms have concerned issues such as

"the overwhelmingly jewish sources behind modern Einstein worship [...] Einstein’s popular status as the world’s greatest intellect however should be viewed as something of a curiosity, since no other scientist in all of human history gets remotely comparable treatment. Are we to believe that Einstein’s contributions to science surpass even Newton’s? Or that “relativity” has altered humanity’s view of the world (and religion) as much as Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection? This is not credible. Indeed, the various advances in modern physics authored by Einstein and others remain incomprehensible to 99% of the world. Why should people be enjoined to worship individuals whose achievements they don’t even understand? After all, even though Einstein’s discoveries (to whatever extent they were his) have benefited science and humanity, they have not been tangibly transformative in the lives of average people. [...] his personal life was far from saintly. In fact, according to two biographers (Roger Highfield and Paul Carter) Einstein was a serial philanderer who abandoned at least one of his children "[2]

Einstein critic Christopher Jon Bjerknes has argued that

"Portrayed in the popular press as if a congenial and compassionate man, Albert Einstein was in fact a vicious racist and an ardent segregationist. He hated Europeans and sought their extermination. Though he himself had married a Gentile, Mileva Maric, he later divorced her for what his friends thought were racist reasons. Einstein denounced all mixed marriages and believed that jews should remain separate from Gentiles and not participate in Gentile governments. Though Einstein was a staunch Zionist who championed the jewish fascist cause, he wanted all Gentile nations abolished in favor of global government for Gentiles and a Zionist state for jews. His beliefs mirrored jewish messianic prophecy."[5]

Kevin Macdonald in his book The culture of critique[6] addressed on page vii Einstein's strong jewish ethnicism, namely that:

  • Einstein was a strongly motivated Zionist[6],
  • Einstein opposed assimilation as a contemptible form of “mimicry”[6],
  • Einstein preferred to mix with other jews whom he referred to as his “tribal companions”[6],
  • Einstein embraced the uncritical support for the Bolshevik regime in Russia[6],
  • Einstein switched from a high-minded pacifism during World War I, when jewish interests were not at stake, to advocating the building of atomic bombs to defeat Hitler[6],
  • From his teenage years Einstein disliked the Germans and in later life criticized jewish colleagues for converting to Christianity and acting like Prussians[6],
  • Einstein especially disliked Prussians, who were the elite ethnic group in Germany[6],
  • Reviewing his life at age 73, Einstein declared his ethnic affiliation in no uncertain terms: “My relationship with jewry had become my strongest human tie once I achieved complete clarity about our precarious position among the nations”.[6].

Quotes

  • "I will accept your invitation on condition that I limit my lectures to the area of science and that I can use drawings and mathematical formulae. Given my complete inability to speak Spanish and my deficient knowledge of French, I would not be able to give my lectures if it were only possible to use words. German is the only language in which I can speak intelligibly about my theory. I look forward to meeting you again and to see your beautiful country for myself". – Einstein to Rey Pastor 1923 accepting an invitation by the Faculty of Sciences of the Universidad Central de Madrid

Awards and honours

A small selection of awards and honours for Albert Einstein:[7]

  • 1909 UniversitĂ€t Genf – EhrendoktorwĂŒrde (honorary doctorate)
  • 1919 UniversitĂ€t Rostock – EhrendoktorwĂŒrde
  • 1921 UniversitĂ€t Princeton – EhrendoktorwĂŒrde
  • 1921 UniversitĂ€t Manchester – EhrendoktorwĂŒrde
  • 1922 Nobelstiftung, Stockholm – Nobel Prize in Physics for the year 1921
  • 1923 UniversitĂ€t Madrid – EhrendoktorwĂŒrde
  • 1923 Orden "Pour le mĂ©rite fĂŒr Wissenschaften und KĂŒnste" – acceptance to the order
  • 1923 Genootschap ter Bevordering van Natuur-, Genees- en Heelkunde – Genootschapsmedaille
  • 1925 Royal Society of London – Copley Medaille
  • 1926 Royal Astronomical Society – Goldmedaille
  • 1929 Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft – Max-Planck-Medaille
  • 1929 UniversitĂ€t Paris – EhrendoktorwĂŒrde
  • 1930 Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), ZĂŒrich – EhrendoktorwĂŒrde
  • 1931 UniversitĂ€t Oxford – EhrendoktorwĂŒrde
  • 1934 Yeshiva College, New York – EhrendoktorwĂŒrde
  • 1935 Franklin Institut, Philadelphia – Benjamin Franklin Medaille
  • 1935 Harvard UniversitĂ€t – EhrendoktorwĂŒrde

See also

External links

References

  1. ↑ Dr. h. c. mult. is the abbreviation for Doctor honoris causa multiplex, the academic Latein term for having more than one honorary doctorate.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Review of Roger Schlafly’s “How Einstein Ruined Physics” https://www.theoccidentalobserver.net/2012/03/24/review-of-roger-schlaflys-how-einstein-ruined-physics/
  3. ↑ Einstein's travel diaries reveal 'shocking' xenophobia https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/einsteins-travel-diaries-reveal-shocking-xenophobia
  4. ↑ Letter to Max Born (no date, 1937 or 1938); The Born-Einstein Letters (translated by Irene Born) (Walker and Company, New York, 1971) ISBN 0-8027-0326-7.
  5. ↑ Jon Bjerknes. ALBERT EINSTEIN The Incorrigible RACIST https://www.amazon.com/ALBERT-EINSTEIN-Incorrigible-Christopher-Bjerknes/dp/1523458879
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 Kevin Macdonald (1998, 2002) The Culture of Critique, 540 pages. ISBN: 0-7596-7221-0
  7. ↑ Ehrungen, Preise und Auszeichnungen (Albert Einstein)