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26 January 2023

  • 17:2417:24, 26 January 2023 diff hist +21‎ Philosophy ‎ →‎Logical systems
  • 17:2317:23, 26 January 2023 diff hist +788‎ N Intuitionistic logic ‎ Created page with "'''Intuitionistic Logic''' is the logical branch of Mathematical intuitionism. Roughly speaking, 'intuitionism' holds that logic and math are 'constructive' mental activities. That is, they are not analytic activities wherein deep properties of existence are revealed and applied. Instead, logic and math are the application of internally consistent methods to realize more complex mental constructs (really, a kind of game). In a stricter sense, intuitionistic logic can b..."
  • 17:1717:17, 26 January 2023 diff hist +1,161‎ N Minimal logic ‎ Created page with "'''Minimal logic''', or '''minimal calculus''', is the symbolic logic system originally developed by Ingebrigt Johansson. If we interpret Classical logic as a system of Natural deduction removing the rule of Double negative elimination results in Minimal logic. Then if we interpret Minimal logic as an Axiomatic system we can conservatively extend it with different Axioms resulting in a variety of Intermediate logics lying between Minimal logic and Classical..." current

22 January 2023

20 January 2023

  • 12:3812:38, 20 January 2023 diff hist +285‎ Modal Logic ‎No edit summary current
  • 12:3612:36, 20 January 2023 diff hist +1,921‎ N Modal Logic ‎ Created page with "'''Modal logic''' is a form of logic which distinguishes between '''necessary truths''' and '''contingent truths'''. A truth is ''necessary'' if it cannot be avoided, such as 2 + 2 = 4; by contrast, a ''contingent'' truth just happens to be the case, for instance "more than half of the earth is covered by water". In the most common interpretation of modal logic, one considers "all possible worlds". If a statement is true in all possible worlds, then it is a necessar..."
  • 11:5811:58, 20 January 2023 diff hist +895‎ N Relevant logic ‎ Created page with "Relevance logic, also called relevant logic, is a kind of non-classical logic requiring the antecedent and consequent of implications to be relevantly related. They may be viewed as a family of substructural or modal logics. It is generally, but not universally, called relevant logic by British and, especially, Australian logicians, and relevance logic by American logicians. Relevance logic aims to capture aspects of implication that are ignored by the "material impl..."

19 January 2023

  • 23:0323:03, 19 January 2023 diff hist +24‎ N Journalist ‎ Bacchus moved page Journalist to Journalism current Tag: New redirect
  • 23:0323:03, 19 January 2023 diff hist 0‎ m Journalism ‎ Bacchus moved page Journalist to Journalism
  • 23:0223:02, 19 January 2023 diff hist +14‎ National Police Gazette ‎No edit summary
  • 22:5822:58, 19 January 2023 diff hist +994‎ N Principle of explosion ‎ Created page with "The principle of explosion is a logical rule of inference. According to the rule, from a set of premises in which a sentence "'''''A'''''" and its negation "'''''-A'''''" are both true (i.e., a contradiction is true), any sentence "'''''B'''''" may be inferred. It is also known by its Latin name ex contradictione quodlibet, meaning from a contradiction anything follows, or ECQ for short. Since a contradiction is always false, another Latin term is ex falso quodlibet...." current
  • 22:4822:48, 19 January 2023 diff hist +4,707‎ N Classical logic ‎ Created page with "'''Classical logic''' identifies a class of formal logic that has been most intensively studied and most widely used. The class is sometimes called '''standard logic''' as well.<ref name="BunninYu2004">{{cite book|author1=Nicholas Bunnin|author2=Jiyuan Yu|title=The Blackwell dictionary of Western philosophy|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OskKWI1YA7AC&pg=PA266|year=2004|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|isbn=978-1-4051-0679-5|page=266}}</ref><ref name="Gamut1991">{{cite..."
  • 22:3322:33, 19 January 2023 diff hist +759‎ N Linear logic ‎ Created page with "'''Linear logic''' is a refinement of classical logic and intuitionistic logic. Instead of emphasizing truth, as in classical logic, or proof, as in intuitionistic logic, linear logic emphasizes the role of formulas as resources. To achieve this focus, linear logic does not allow the usual structural rules of contraction and weakening to apply to all formulas but only those formulas marked with certain modals. Linear logic contains a fully involutive negation..."
  • 22:2822:28, 19 January 2023 diff hist +2,518‎ Philosophy ‎No edit summary
  • 22:0922:09, 19 January 2023 diff hist +537‎ N Ordered logic ‎ Created page with "'''Ordered logic''' is the internal language of non-symmetric monoidal categories. As with linear and nonlinear logic, if the ordered logic contains function-types then they correspond to internal-homs making the monoidal category closed, although one has to be a bit careful since in the non-symmetric case there are two inequivalent notions of internal-hom; sometimes one speaks of "left closed" and "right closed" to distinguish, with either "closed"..." current
  • 22:0222:02, 19 January 2023 diff hist +14‎ Philosophy ‎ →‎Philosophy of language theories and stances
  • 22:0022:00, 19 January 2023 diff hist −1‎ Sophism ‎No edit summary
  • 21:5921:59, 19 January 2023 diff hist +324‎ Sophism ‎No edit summary
  • 21:5521:55, 19 January 2023 diff hist +543‎ N Sophism ‎ Created page with "'''Sophism''' (Greek: sophistes) was a style of teaching in ancient Greece in the fifth and fourth centuries BC. Sophists specialized in one or more subject areas, such as philosophy, rhetoric, music, athletics, and mathematics. They taught arete, "virtue" or "excellence", predominantly to young statesmen and nobility. In the present day, however, a sophist refers to someone, such as a jew, who deliberately argues using fallacious arguments or reasoning, in..."
  • 21:4521:45, 19 January 2023 diff hist +737‎ N Pirsig's metaphysics of Quality ‎ Created page with "'''The Metaphysics of Quality''' is a theory of reality introduced in Robert Pirsig's philosophical novel, ''Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance'' and expanded in '. The MoQ incorporates facets of Sophism, East Asian philosophy, pragmatism, the work of F. S. C. Northrop, and American indian philosophy. Pirsig argues that the MoQ is a better lens through which to view reality than the subjective/objective mindset that Pirsig attributes to Aristotle..."
  • 18:2018:20, 19 January 2023 diff hist +2,470‎ N Relativism ‎ Created page with "'''Relativism''' is a family of philosophical views which deny claims to objectivity within a particular domain and assert that facts in that domain are relative to the perspective of an observer or the context in which they are assessed.<ref>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/relativism/] "The label “relativism” has been attached to a wide range of ideas and positions which may explain the lack of consensus on how the term s..."
  • 18:1218:12, 19 January 2023 diff hist +7,617‎ N Subjectivism ‎ Created page with "'''Subjectivism''' is the philosophical tenet that "our own mental activity is the only unquestionable fact of our experience".<ref name="Richardson1983p553"/> The success of this position is historically attributed to Descartes and his methodic doubt.<ref name="Richardson1983p553"/> Subjectivism accords primacy to subjective experience as fundamental of all measure and law. In extreme forms like Solipsism, it may hold that the nature and existence of every o..."
  • 17:5917:59, 19 January 2023 diff hist +967‎ N Substance theory ‎ Created page with "'''Substances''' are a particular kind of basic entity, and some philosophical theories acknowledge them and others do not. On this use, Hume’s impressions and ideas are not substances, even though they are the building blocks of—what constitutes ‘being’ for—his world. According to this usage, it is a live issue whether the fundamental entities are substances or something else, such as events, or properties located at space-times. This conception of substan..." current
  • 16:5016:50, 19 January 2023 diff hist +16‎ Entropy ‎No edit summary
  • 16:4916:49, 19 January 2023 diff hist +1,138‎ N Entropy ‎ Created page with "'''Entropy''' is a scientific concept, one of the unbreakable universal laws of nature, and a measurable physical property, that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty. In layman's terms, it says that all things eventually break down, and in order to create new things, other things must be broken down to compensate. The term and the concept are used in diverse fields, from classical thermodynamics, where it was first recognized,..."
  • 16:3616:36, 19 January 2023 diff hist +1,172‎ N Emergentism ‎ Created page with "In philosophy, '''emergentism''' is the belief in emergence, particularly as it involves consciousness and the philosophy of mind, and as it contrasts with reductionism. A property of a system is said to be emergent if it is more than the sum of the properties of the system's parts. Emergentism involves a layered view of nature, with the layers arranged in terms of increasing complexity and each corresponding to its own special science, as evolution does, ig..."
  • 16:2716:27, 19 January 2023 diff hist +2‎ Creationism ‎No edit summary
  • 16:2716:27, 19 January 2023 diff hist 0‎ Creationism ‎No edit summary
  • 16:2616:26, 19 January 2023 diff hist +299‎ N Creationism ‎ Created page with "'''Creationism''' (::Lat. creatio:') in the widest sense, is the 0hilosophy and doctrine that the material of the universe was created by God out of no pre-existing subject. It is thus opposed to all forms of Pantheism. Category:Definitions Category:Philosophy Category:Religion"
  • 16:2016:20, 19 January 2023 diff hist +681‎ N Emanationism ‎ Created page with "'''Emanationism''' is an idea in the cosmology or cosmogony of certain religious or philosophical systems. Emanation, from the Latin emanare meaning "to flow from" or "to pour forth or out of", is the mode by which all things are derived from the first reality, or principle. All things are derived from the first reality or perfect God by steps of degradation to lesser degrees of the first reality or God, and at every step the emanating beings are less pure, less..."

18 January 2023

  • 22:1922:19, 18 January 2023 diff hist +10,921‎ N Dialetheism ‎ Created page with "'''Dialetheism''' is the view that some statements can be both true and false simultaneously. More precisely, it is the belief that there can be a true statement whose negation is also true. Such statements are called "true contradictions", ''dialetheia'', or nondualisms. Dialetheism is not a system of formal logic; instead, it is a thesis about truth that influences the construction of a formal logic, often based on pre-existing systems. Introducing dialetheism has..."
  • 14:3814:38, 18 January 2023 diff hist +1,081‎ N Essentialism ‎ Created page with "'''Philosophical essentialism''' is the idea that the nature of things is invariable and constant. ''Essentialism'' posits that one must be able to describe an entity according to that which is required, or essential, to its nature and existence. The bird is perhaps a helpful example. One may ask what is essential to being a bird. Is it flying ability? No, flying is not essential to being a bird because there are certain birds that don’t fly (ostrich, emu, penguin..."
  • 13:5113:51, 18 January 2023 diff hist +23‎ N Philosophies ‎ Redirected page to Philosophy current Tag: New redirect

17 January 2023

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